Engineering Standard SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee
25 June 2020
Previous Issue: 05 May 2019 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023 Page 1 of 29
Contact: Muslim, Husain M. (musallhm)
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
Contents Summary of Changes … 3
1 Scope … 5
2 Conflicts and Deviations … 5
3 References … 5
4 Definitions … 7
5 Responsibilities … 8
6 Design Package … 8
7 Design Condition and Limitations… 9
8 Material Selection For Piping Components … 10
9 Limitations on Pipe Sizes and Thickness … 11
10 Piping Layouts … 12
11 Lines Spacing Requirements … 19
12 Underground Piping … 19
13 Pipe Supports Design … 20
14 Welded Attachments … 24
15 Plant Utility Piping System … 24
16 Utility-Process Connections … 26
17 Vibration Consideration … 27
18 Chemical Cleaning Line Identification … 28
19 Testing and Inspection … 29
Revision Summary … 29
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
Summary of Changes
Paragraph Number
Previous Revision (05 May 2019) 3.1
Current Revision (25 June 2020) 3.1
Change Type (Addition, Modification, Deletion)
8.1.4
8.1.4
Deletion
9.5
3.1
3.1
3.1
9.5
3.1
3.1
3.1
Deletion
Addition
Addition
10.4.4
10.4.4
3.1
3.1
Addition
Technical Change(s)
Deleted reference of SAES-L-133 as this standard is replaced with new standard SAES-A-133 and SAES-A-134.
Deleted reference to SAES-O-202, SAER-714, API 5L, ASME B16.1, ASME B16.9.
Added reference of SAES-A-008 for Chemical Cleaning.
Added reference to SAES-A-135 and SAEP-1135 for establishment and administration of dead leg inspection
Added reference to SAEP-20 for establishment of inspection program for in-plant buried piping or road crossing pipe.
7.7.2.1
7.7.2.5
10.2.1
10.2.3
7.7.2.1
7.7.2.5
8.1.7
10.2.1
10.2.3
Modification
Second statement deleted as it is redundant.
Modification
First statement re-phrased for clarity.
Addition
Added paragraph to SAES-L-110 for Limitation on piping joints and components.
Modification
Corrected the spelling of “throughput”.
Modification
First bullet point re-phrased for clarity.
10.4.2 (c)
10.4.2 (c)
Addition
Added “branch end (i.e. valve, blind flange” instead of “valve”).
10.4.3(a)
10.4.3(a)
Modification
Statement rephrased for more clarity.
10.4.3(b)
10.4.3(b)
Modification
Corrected the word, “non-corrosive” instead “not corrosive” and reference added for SAES-A-133.
10.5.4
10.5.4
Modification
Corrected the word, “components” instead “devices”
10.7.1.9
10.7.1.9
Modification
10.7.1.11
10.7.1.11
Modification
Removed “switch” and replaced by “transmitter” in order to be aligned with SAES-J-100 (6.3.1).
Deleted the first statement, as the term “break-out- spool” has leaded to misinterpretations. Deleted second statement: “These connections shall not be placed in angle sections of reducers” as it is not aligned with SAES-L-110 (13.3). Modified to make sure that vents/drains are provided at suction but also at discharge piping.
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
Paragraph Number
Previous Revision (05 May 2019)
Current Revision (25 June 2020)
Change Type (Addition, Modification, Deletion)
10.7.1.13
10.7.1.13
Modification
10.7.2.3
10.7.2.3
Modification
10.7.2.3
10.7.2.3
Addition
10.7.2.4
10.7.2.4
Modification
10.7.2.6
10.7.2.6
Addition
10.7.2.6
10.7.2.6
Addition
Technical Change(s)
The word “equipment” has been replaced by “pump” for clarity and consistency with the second statement.
The 1% slope is now clearly limited to the first isolation valve.
Commentary note has been added to clarify the purpose of the sloped suction.
Second statement has been deleted due to redundancy. Horizontal and vertical cases are clearly covered.
Added pressure differential transmitter and HP alarm across permanent strainers requirement in order to be aligned with SAES-G-005 (4.2.1)
Commentary note has been added to clarify the permanent strainer justification
10.7.2.7
Addition
Added to align with 31-SAMSS-004
11.1
11.1
Addition
11.3
11.3
Modification
12.2.3
12.2.3
Modification
Review/approval from SCC for the cases of exception of the Section 11 has been removed. Line spacing general guidelines has been created.
Wording has been improved to avoid misunderstandings in regards the “finished” grade.
Paragraph has been enhanced in order to do not limit it to a specific Inspection technology. Reference to SAEP-20 has been added.
12.3.1
12.3.4
13.1.2
13.10.4
15.3
12.3.1
12.3.4
13.1.2
13.10.4
15.3
Modification
Deleted the word “effective” as it is confusing and unnecessary.
Addition
Added reference to SAES-L-134
Modification
Align the paragraph with SAES-L-350 para. 13.1.
Modification
Cast iron at table 2 has been specified.
Modification
Corrected typo for the word “minimized”
15.8
15.8
Modification
The Utility Station requirements (in terms of isolation, check valve and pressure gauge) have been equalized to the requirements of Utility- Process Connections of Section 16.
18
19.2
18
19.2
Addition
Added reference for SAES-A-008 Chemical Cleaning.
Modification
Added “Shall be” to avoid misinterpretations.
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
1
Scope
1.1
1.2
1.3
This standard supplements ASME B31 codes and defines additional minimum design requirements for pressure piping located within plant areas.
Further requirements related to specific plant piping systems are covered by other Saudi Aramco Piping Standards as specified in SAES-L-100.
Fire Protection systems are not within the scope of this document. Piping systems designated for fire protection water systems in plant areas shall comply with SAES-B-017.
2
Conflicts and Deviations
Any conflicts between this document and other applicable Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements (MSAERs) shall be addressed to the EK&RD Coordinator.
Any deviation from the requirements herein shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302.
3
References
The selection of material and equipment, the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.
3.1
Saudi Aramco References
Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures
SAEP-20
SAEP-302
Equipment Inspection Schedule
Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a Mandatory
Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirement
SAEP-1135
On-Stream Inspection Administration
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
SAES-A-008
SAES-A-112
SAES-A-133
SAES-A-134
SAES-A-135
SAES-B-017
Chemical Cleaning Requirements
Meteorological and Seismic Design Data
Internal Corrosion Protection Requirements
External Corrosion Protection requirements
Establishment of On-Stream Inspection Program
Fire water System Design
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
SAES-B-067
SAES-F-007
SAES-H-002
SAES-J-600
SAES-J-605
SAES-J-700
SAES-L-100
SAES-L-105
SAES-L-108
SAES-L-109
SAES-L-110
SAES-L-120
SAES-L-125
SAES-L-132
SAES-L-136
SAES-L-140
SAES-L-150
SAES-L-350
SAES-L-460
SAES-L-610
SAES-X-400
SAES-X-600
Safety Identification and Color-Coding
System Design Criteria of Flares
Internal and External Coating for Steel Pipelines
and Piping
Pressure Relief Devices
Surge Relief Protection Systems
Control Valves
Applicable Codes and Standards for Pressure
Piping Systems
Piping Line Classes
Selection of Valves
Selection of Flanges, Stud Bolts, and Gaskets
Limitations on Piping Joints and Components
Piping Flexibility Analysis
Safety Instruction Sheet for Piping and Pipelines
Material Selection for Pipelines, Piping, and
Process Equipment
Pipe, Flange, and Fitting Material Requirements
Thermal Expansion Relief in Piping
Pressure Testing of Plant Piping and Pipelines
Construction of Plant Piping
Pipeline Crossings under Roads and Railroads
Nonmetallic Piping for In-Plant
Cathodic Protection of Buried Pipelines
Cathodic Protection of Plant Facilities
Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings
AB-036207
AB-036521
AD-036555
AC-036697
Pipe Spacing
Bridge Weld and Typical Brace Seal Welded and
Socket Welded Valves on Process Lines
Standard Wear Pads for Unrestrained Pipelines
Maximum Spans for Above Ground Unrestrained
Pipelines 14” & Larger
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
AC-036688
Conical Pump Suction Screen for CL-150 and 300 Flanges Pipe Sizes 16 Inch and Larger
AD-036080
Conical Pump Suction Screen for Raised Face
Flanges Pipe Sizes 2, 3, and 4 Inches
AD-036495
Conical Pump Suction Screen for Raised Face
Flanges Pipe Sizes 6, 8 & 10, 12 & 14 Inches
Saudi Aramco Library Drawing
DC-950040
Pressure Indicators and Switches Locally Mounting
Instrument Piping Details
3.2
Industry Codes and Standards
American Petroleum Institute
API RP 686
Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and Installation Design-(Chapter 6 -Piping)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME B31.1
ASME B31.3
ASME B31.4
Power Piping
Process Piping
Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and
Slurries
ASME B31.8
Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
4
Definitions
Dead Legs: Piping sections that are potential for internal corrosion due to flow stagnation. Refer to Section 10 of this standard for detailed criteria.
Design Agency: Refer to SAES-L-100.
Fully Restrained Piping: A pipe system that is restrained from axial and lateral movement by means of anchors, clamps, and/or supports.
Unrestrained Piping: Piping system designed with sufficient flexibility to control stresses due to thermal or other movement.
Process-Utility Connection: The piping which joins the utility header root valve to the block (root) valve of the process pipe or equipment.
Temporary Connection: A connection made by means of metallic or non-metallic hose, or flanged break-away spool. The temporary connection is marked in a
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
conspicuous manner and governed by plant operating instructions for use only under constant monitoring.
Process Equipment: Piping, vessels, tanks and other plant equipment that contain hydrocarbon liquid or gas, toxic chemicals, including acids or caustics.
Break Tank: A vented water reservoir controlled by the water level in the tank, from which the water can be pumped through a permanent connection with check valve and block valve into a single unit of process equipment.
Water Supply System: The entire network of piping between a source of water (well or tank) and all delivery points.
5
Responsibilities
5.1
5.2
It is the responsibility of the design agency to design pressure piping systems that meets the requirements of the applicable Code and the additional relevant Saudi Aramco Standards, Specifications, and Procedures as a minimum.
Though this standard covers requirements related to design of piping systems, the design agency shall be acquainted with SAES-L-350 in order to design piping systems which will assess constructability with the most cost effective approach.
6
Design Package
The design of pressure piping located inside plant areas shall include the preparation of the documents listed below.
These documents shall be given Saudi Aramco drawing numbers (where applicable in accordance with Saudi Aramco Drafting Manual) and become permanent plant records:
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) or Utility Flow Diagram (UFD)
Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID)
Piping Designation Table (Saudi Aramco Form)
Calculation sheets supporting major flow data and pressure drop data shown on the
Piping Designation Table
Safety Instruction Sheets (SIS) for critical piping per SAES-L-125
Piping Plan Drawings (details and sections must be shown on separate drawings)
Piping Section Drawings and details
Isometric Piping Detail Drawing
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
Piping flexibility calculations per SAES-L-120
Hydrostatic Test Diagram
Pipe support and foundation location drawing
Pipe support and anchor detail drawings
Spring support data sheets
Valves operating diagram (VOD) as required by Operation
Project Scope of Work or Project Specifications in which the piping shall be
described, highlighting any special features or precautions such as concerning welding, adjustment of spring hangers, cold spring, etc.
7
Design Condition and Limitations
7.1
The design agency shall determine and/or verify that the design conditions are per the applicable code.
7.2
Design Factors and Allowable Stresses
7.2.1 Plant piping designed in accordance with ASME B31.4 or ASME B31.8
the following shall apply:
The design factor shall be 0.5 for piping design to ASME B31.8 and
0.6 for piping design to ASME B31.4.
7.2.2 The design criteria for piping following ASME B31.1 or ASME B31.3
based on SAES-L-100 shall be per the applicable code.
7.2.3 Occasional Loads and Pressure Variation
For design conditions which include occasional loads such as wind, earthquake, or external hydrodynamic forces, or occasional short-term pressure variation above the normal maximum, the pressure rating of components and/or the allowable stress may be increased as permitted by the applicable Code for such conditions without additional restrictions.
7.3
Design Pressure
7.3.1 The design pressure shall be accordance with the applicable code.
7.3.2 Pressure variation under surge shall be according to SAES-J-605.
7.4
Design Maximum and Minimum Temperature
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
7.4.1 The design agency shall determine the design temperatures per the
applicable code.
7.4.2 Thermal Radiation Effects
All above ground piping systems shall be evaluated in accordance with SAES-L-140 for pressure build up due to the effects of solar radiation, ambient temperature, and other heat sources such as a flare or combination of these effects.
7.5
Dynamic Loads
The effects of internal & external dynamic forces shall be analyzed and the final design shall be suitable to accommodate such forces. Examples of such forces are slug forces, pressure wave, etc.
7.6 Meteorological and Seismic Design Data
Data for meteorological and seismic condition shall be in accordance with SAES-A-112.
7.7
Flow Velocity Consideration
7.7.1 Liquid Service
Limitation on flow velocities inside piping systems per SAES-L-132 shall apply.
7.7.2 Gas Service
7.7.2.1 Limitation on flow velocities inside piping systems shall be as
per SAES-L-132.
7.7.2.2 Piping systems shall be designed with considerations to avoid
and/or minimize the potentials of noise and piping vibration due to high velocities, slug flow, two-phase flow, acoustic fatigue, etc.
8
Material Selection for Piping Components
8.1
All pressure piping components shall comply with Saudi Aramco Standards specified in the paragraphs listed below.
8.1.1 Material procurement of pipes, fittings, and gaskets shall be in compliance with Saudi Aramco Regulated Vendor List.
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
8.1.2 Material procurement of valves shall be in compliance with Saudi
Aramco Regulated Vendor List.
8.1.3 Piping line classes shall be in accordance with SAES-L-105.
8.1.4 Material selection for line pipes and components shall be in compliance
with, SAES-L-132, SAES-A-133 and SAES-L-136.
8.1.5 Valves selection for piping systems shall be in accordance with
SAES-L-108.
8.1.6 Flanges, bolts and gasket shall be in compliance with SAES-L-109.
8.1.7 Limitation on piping joints and components shall be in compliance with
SAES-L-110.
8.2
All non-metallic piping system shall be designed and constructed in accordance with SAES-L-610 in addition to the applicable ASME B31 Code.
9
Limitations on Pipe Sizes and Thickness
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Intermediate sizes: ⅛, ¼, ⅜, 1¼, 2½, 3½, and 5 inches shall not be used except when necessary to match equipment connections.
Pipe (excluding stainless steel tubing) smaller than ¾-inch nominal size shall not be used for hazardous services (including vents and drains). Vendor-supplied skid-mounted equipment shall be according to the skid Saudi Aramco Material Specifications.
The wall thickness of the pipe and piping components shall meet the requirements of the applicable Code as a minimum.
For carbon steel piping, the minimum nominal wall thickness shall not be less than the values listed in Table 1.
Table 1 – Minimum Pipe Wall Thickness for Carbon Steel Pipes
Nominal Size (Inches)
Hydrocarbon Service
2 and smaller
3 through 10
12 through 32
34 and larger
SCH 80
SCH 40
6.3 mm
Low Pressure Utility Service (ASME B16.1 Class 125)
SCH 40 (see 6.11)
SCH 40
6.3 mm
Diameter/135
Diameter/135
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
9.5
The corrosion allowance, where required by ASME B31.3, shall comply with the requirements of SAES-A-133.
10
Piping Layouts
10.1 General
The piping layout shall assure safe operation, ease of construction, provide adequate access for maintenance activities, minimize consequence due to fire, and avoid congestion.
10.2 Hydraulic Considerations
10.2.1 The pipe size, layout, and supports shall be designed such that all
hydraulic requirements are met in terms of pressure drop and required throughput per the applicable standards.
10.2.2 Piping systems shall be designed with considerations to avoid and/or
minimize the potentials of noise and piping vibration due to high velocities, slug flow, two-phase flow, acoustic fatigue, etc.
10.2.3 Piping systems in high gas velocities operating intermittently shall be
designed with following considerations:
Excessive noise and vibration caused due to high gas velocities and
frequent pressure drops shall be avoided.
Smooth transitions at flow intersections by means of laterals and
long radius bends.
Pressure drop at intersections.
Sufficient length of lead-lines upstream and downstream pressure
and or flow control valves as per SAES-J-700.
10.3 Corrosion Considerations
The piping layout shall be designed in a way to minimize corrosion in the piping systems due to presence of water pockets, dead legs, and any other situation leading to internal or external corrosion.
10.4 Dead Legs
10.4.1 Dead legs leading to internal corrosion shall be avoided at the design
stage.
10.4.2 A section of a piping system meeting the following criteria is
considered as a dead leg:
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
a) When a pipe section is connected to a flowing stream where it is
not self-draining and is not normally flowing.
b) The piping material has the potential for corrosion in service.
c) When the length is longer than three times its pipe diameter, or
1.22 m (4 ft.) whichever is less. The length of the dead leg is the distance measured from the outside diameter of the header (or run) to the near end of the branch end (i.e: valve, blind flange).
For branch connections of 1-½ inch NPS and smaller, the length of the dead leg is the distance measured from the end of the boss to the near end of the valve.
Commentary Note:
A by-pass line that is designed for a specific function is not normally considered to be a dead leg.
10.4.3 Exemptions to Dead Legs
A section of a piping system meeting the following criteria is not considered as a dead leg even if it meets the dimensional criteria above:
a) Piping Class material that is resistant to the corrosion conditions
present in the process.
b) The service is non-corrosive as defined by SAES-A-133
c) The service is not wet.
10.4.4
In the case where a piping section is identified as dead leg and it is not avoidable from a construction point of view; then, during project execution, a concurrence letter shall be signed by representatives from PMT (Project Manager), Proponent (Operation Engineering/Technical Supervisor), and Projects Inspection (Supervisor).
Dead leg inspection program shall be established as part of the On- Stream Inspection (OSI) program deliverables in accordance to SAES- A-135 requirements. The Operating Organization shall periodically inspect such piping under the OSI as per SAEP-1135.
10.5 Piping Flexibility
10.5.1 The piping configuration shall be analyzed for adequate flexibility in
accordance with SAES-L-120.
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
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Design of Plant Piping
10.5.2 The piping system shall not be too flexible to the point that it becomes
subject to piping vibration problems.
10.5.3 Expansion Joints
10.5.3.1 Expansion joints are not allowed in hydrocarbon services.
Exception:
Exception to this requirement, if necessary by the Licensor such as in the Sulfur Recover Unit SRU, may be accepted subject to CSD review.
10.5.3.2 Expansion joints may be used only for Category D fluid
service as defined in ASME B31.3.
10.5.3.3 Expansion joints on lube oil systems in vendor standard
designed lube oil skids are acceptable.
10.5.4 Swivel joints, Pipe Expanded Joints, flexible pipe (metallic or non-
metallic), hoses or similar components shall not be used to reduce the stiffness of the piping system or to reduce load on equipment nozzles in flammable, toxic and hazardous services.
10.6 Pipeways
10.6.1 Above grade plant piping between plant equipment or between
separate units within a plant area shall be designed and installed within pipeway boundaries.
10.6.2 Plant layout shall be according to SAES-B-055. The Plot Plans and
Piping Plans shall be laid out such that they shall provide the necessary access to all areas for operations and maintenance. The elevations of intersecting pipeways shall normally be at different levels to allow for future piping.
10.7 Piping Connected to Rotating and Reciprocating Equipment
10.7.1 General Requirements
10.7.1.1 All piping directly connected to the machinery, excluding lube oil and seal flush, shall be designed such that forces and moments imposed by thermal expansion, dead and operating loads on the machinery nozzles are within equipment/manufacturer allowable standard/limit.
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
10.7.1.2 All piping shall be routed and supported to allow access to
machinery for operation, inspection and maintenance. Inlet and outlet isolation block valves around machinery shall be accessible from grade near machinery.
10.7.1.3
Isolation block valves are required in the inlet and outlet process piping to and from all machinery. A check valve shall be installed in the discharge line of all pumps. The check valve shall be located between the machine discharge flange and the discharge block valve.
Commentary Note:
The check valve is required to prevent the possibility of a reversal of flow or pressure surge (such as water hammer) under any condition. The location of the check valve should be specified based on the machine piping layout requirements (i.e., recycle line, etc.).
Exception:
Exception to this requirement maybe accepted if the pump has built-in check valve subject to the review of CSD.
10.7.1.4 Pressure connections including isolation valves complying with Library Drawing DC-950040 shall be provided on the inlet and outlet piping to and from all machinery. The inlet pressure connection shall be located between the permanent or temporary strainer and the machinery inlet piping flange.
10.7.1.5
Inlet and discharge piping and isolation block valves shall be the same size or larger than the machinery inlet and outlet nozzle size respectively.
10.7.1.6 Temporary strainers shall be used during the
commissioning and initial operating period of new plants to prevent foreign objects from entering the machinery.
10.7.1.7 Strainer shall be located between the inlet isolation block valve and the machinery inlet connection not closer than five pipe diameters to the machinery inlet nozzle.
10.7.1.8 Strainers shall be installed in a manner that facilitates
frequent strainer removal and cleaning and shall be located in an easily accessible location.
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Design of Plant Piping
10.7.1.9 Permanent strainers for critical machinery shall have a
differential pressure transmitter to activate alarm on high differential pressure.
10.7.1.10 Machinery inlet and outlet piping shall be supported as near to the machine as practical. Only those supports specified as a result of the piping flexibility analysis shall be provided.
10.7.1.11 For machinery, high points vents and low points drains shall be installed on equipment suction and discharge piping up to the isolation valves. This is required to ensure complete equipment and piping draining before removal. The use of the pump casing drain as low point drain on top-nozzle pumps is acceptable.
10.7.1.12 A pulsation analysis and mechanical piping analysis shall
be conducted on piping systems for reciprocating machinery or machinery subject to pulsating flow to minimize pressure pulsations and piping vibration. Piping routing, piping supports, restraints, and anchors in pulsating system shall be spaced to avoid resonant lengths and to restrain the generated dynamic forces.
10.7.1.13 Centrifugal pump suction line shall have a straight run
minimum of five pipe diameters between the suction flange and first valve, fitting or strainer to ensure stable and uniform flow at the machinery suction nozzle. The minimum length shall be calculated using the diameter of the pump inlet nozzle. Vertically suspended double casing pumps and horizontal self-priming pumps are exempted from this requirement.
10.7.2 Piping Connected to Pump
10.7.2.1 Pump suction piping shall be arranged such that the flow is
as smooth and uniform as practicable at the pump suction nozzle.
10.7.2.2 Suction piping shall be designed to prevent the formation of
gas or air pockets. Sufficient venting provisions shall be included.
10.7.2.3 The suction piping shall be sloped a minimum of
10 millimeters per meter (⅛ inch per foot) toward the pump at all points to prevent the accumulation of bubbles.
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
Comenttary Note:
The objective of the sloped suction line toward the pump is to ensure proper priming of the pump suction line to eliminate any potential for pump gas/air lock.
10.7.2.4 Reducers used on horizontal suction line shall be eccentric with the flat side on top. Concentric reducer shall be used on the vertical suction line as required.
10.7.2.5 Suction and discharge piping for vertical in-line pumps
shall have adjustable supports.
10.7.2.6 Temporary strainers in accordance with Standard Drawings
AC-036688, AD-036080 or AD-036495 shall be used during the commissioning and initial operating period of new plants to prevent foreign objects from entering the pump. If strainers are required beyond commissioning and initial operating period, they shall be “T” or “Y” type with minimum ¼ inch openings and at least 150% flow area. Permanent strainers on pump suction line shall have a differential pressure transmitter to activate alarm on high differential pressure.
Comenttary Note:
Permanent strainers are not typically needed when the solid sizes are less than ¼ inch as these solid sizes normally pass the pump whitout major effects. Using unnecessary permanet strainers on these applications might lead to strainer blockage which can cause pump failure.
trhough
10.7.2.7 The pump suction piping up to the first suction isolation valve shall have the same flange rating class as the pump suction nozzle.
10.7.3 Piping Connected to Compressor
10.7.3.1 Compressor and blower piping layout requirements shall be closely coordinated and agreed upon by the Piping Engineer, Control System Engineer, compressor vendor, and control systems vendor to insure piping and hydraulic requirements are satisfied for proper compressor operation, control, and protection.
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Design of Plant Piping
10.7.3.2
Inlet piping to compressors and blowers shall be free of sections where liquid may accumulate during normal operation, start-up, and or shutdown.
10.7.3.3 Horizontal reducers installed in the inlet piping to
compressors or blowers shall be eccentric with the flat side on the bottom of the pipe to prevent the accumulation of any liquids.
10.7.3.4 Suction piping to compressors in condensing service shall
be designed for automatic condensate removal from low points in the compressor piping systems when the machine shuts down.
10.7.3.5 Suction piping layout for wet gas compressors shall be free of sections where standing liquid may accumulate and shall slope back toward the suction vessel. Adequate drains on the piping shall be provided to remove any standing liquids.
10.7.3.6 Suction piping to wet gas compressors shall be heat traced
and insulated.
10.7.3.7 The suction line to each compressor or blower shall be
provided with permanent or temporary strainer of an adequate strength.
10.7.3.8 Routing of compressor recycle lines shall be designed to be self-draining preventing liquid from accumulating in piping low points.
10.7.3.9 The anti-surge recycle line shall join the compressor discharge on a piping tee branch, located as close as possible to the compressor discharge. The anti-surge recycle line should join the compressor suction line at the suction knock-out drum or suction piping upstream of knock-out drum in a 45° angled connection directing the recycle flow towards the compressor.
10.7.3.10 The type of check valve required per paragraph 10.7.1.3 shall be non-slam internal-spring assisted type.
10.7.3.11 Reciprocating compressors suction piping downstream of
the suction drums and pulsation suppression devices of compressors operating at or within 5°C of the gas saturation temperature shall be heat traced and insulated to ensure that condensation of liquids does not occur.
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Design of Plant Piping
10.7.3.12 Positive displacement machinery shall be equipped with a pressure relief device. This pressure relief device shall be located between the machinery discharge connection and the first isolation block valve or blind. Pressure relief device discharge piping shall be routed to a designated system.
10.8 All pressure piping appurtenances shall be isolated to atmosphere by double
isolation (e.g., double block valves or one block valve with plug or one block valve with blind flange).
11
Lines Spacing Requirements
11.1 Lines spacing shall be sufficient to accommodate the full range of displacements of all the piping flexibility load cases, in addition to provide safe access for inspection, operation and maintenance.
11.2 The minimum spacing between lines supported on sleepers or pipe racks shall be
as shown on Standard Drawing AB-036207.
11.3 There shall be a minimum vertical clearance of 300 mm underneath the bottom
of the lowest point of piping including drains.
11.4 A minimum clearance of 120 mm shall be provided between the above ground
piping and any structure including adjacent piping system.
11.5 Branch connections, 4 inch and smaller, including drain and vent valves and drip
legs of all sizes, shall be located at a minimum horizontal distance of 610 mm from any fixed obstruction. The following is exempted:
a) Pipe support attached directly to the piping, such as horizontal and vertical dummy
extensions.
b) Piping system in single phase gas service. Thermal piping stress analysis shall determine the required branch clearance with obstruction for such a service.
c) When the results of the piping stress analysis including the surge forces show that
the branch clearance with obstruction is acceptable.
11.6 Maintenance access per the manufacturer specification shall be provided for
piping components such as valves with grease fitting.
12
Underground Piping
12.1 Underground pressure piping in any flammable and toxic services within the
SSD fence shall not be used except as permitted in the following section.
12.2 Buried piping is permitted within SSD fence only at the following locations:
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
12.2.1 Road, fence, and dike crossings.
12.2.2 New connections to existing buried lines.
12.2.3 One hundred percent of the buried line can be inspected. In-plant
buried piping or road crossing pipe shall be included in the Equipment Inspection Schedule (EIS) as per SAEP-20 requirements.
12.3 Underground pressure piping where permitted shall be subject to the following
additional requirements:
12.3.1 No buried dead legs shall be allowed, including dead legs that result
from the buried portion of the line being frequently or normally valved off, unless the line is designed to be self-draining and/or is internally coated per SAES-H-002.
12.3.2 The buried piping (including appurtenances) shall be cathodically
protected with impressed-current or galvanic anodes system to meet the requirements of SAES-X-400 or SAES-X-600.
12.3.3 The minimum cover over underground pressure piping shall be 450
mm in unpaved or paved areas and 750 mm under paved roads, except under a reinforced concrete slab or other protection.
12.3.4 The buried piping (including appurtenances) shall be externally coated
as per SAES-A-134 and SAES-H-002.
12.3.5 Underground piping subject to traffic loads (road crossings) shall meet
the requirements of SAES-L-460.
12.3.6 A minimum clearance for underground piping and any adjacent piping
or structure shall not be less than 600 mm.
13
Pipe Supports Design
13.1 General
13.1.1
It is the Design Agency responsibility to design the pipe supports, restraints, and anchors to meet the static and dynamic load effects. The design of the supports shall not jeopardize the piping system integrity.
13.1.2 The pipe shall not be used to support other pipes and structures, i.e.
individual supporting is required. A maximum of two pipe sizes 2” and smaller supported by not less than 4 times its diameter pipe are excluded from this requirement if flexibility analysis conducted per
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Design of Plant Piping
SAES-L-120 demonstrate that stresses on both pipe are within the code requirements.
13.2 Rigid pipe supports
13.2.1 The rigid pipe supports should be utilized to maximum extent thus
avoiding the use of spring supports and rod hangers wherever design permits.
13.2.2 The designer shall ensure that all pipe supports will be active during
operation of the lines, i.e., the pipe will be in full contact with the support and carries the load.
13.3 Hanger Rods
13.3.1 Rod hangers shall not be used for lines 12” NPS and larger in liquid
service or multi-phase flow.
13.3.2 Rod hangers shall be subjected to tensile loading only.
13.3.3 Rod hanger assemblies shall be designed to allow for anticipated
thermal movement.
13.3.4 The maximum swing angle due to horizontal pipe movement shall be
four (4) degrees.
13.3.5 All hangers shall be provided with means for vertical adjustment.
13.3.6 Suitable locking devices shall be used at all threaded connections of
the hanger assembly (double nuts).
13.3.7 Where atmospheric corrosion is a concern hanger rods shall be
protected against external corrosion.
13.4 Spring Supports
13.4.1 Spring supports immediately downstream of rotating equipment shall
be limited to 10-15% load variation.
13.4.2 Supports shall be designed so that they cannot be disengaged by
movements of the supported pipe.
13.4.3 All springs shall be in compression, so that failure will not result in the
complete release of load.
13.4.4 Springs shall be factory set to the calculated cold settings by means of travel stops. Upper stops for load preset and lower stops for hydro-test
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
shall be provided. These stops shall be banded or locked in place so they cannot be easily dislodged during erection or hydro-test. The travel stops shall be painted red and shall have a bright color tag indicating “Remove after Hydro-test”.
13.4.5 Each spring hanger assembly must be capable of sustaining the
hydrotest load.
13.4.6 Where atmospheric corrosion is a concern spring supports shall be
protected against external corrosion.
13.5 Ring Girders
13.5.1 Above ground fully restrained piping shall be supported on ring
girders, or 180-degree saddles with top strap, designed to prevent lateral buckling of the pipeline. Suitable electrical insulation strips shall be provided between the pipe and the support if required to prevent dissipation of cathodic protection current.
13.5.2
If the ring girder supports of the above ground piping sections interfere with the cathodic protection of the buried sections (if some sections of the line are buried), electrical insulation between the pipe and the supports is required per SAES-X-400.
13.5.3 The pipe surface covered by the ring girder or saddle and top strap
shall be coated with epoxy coating according with SAES-H-002.
13.6 Low Friction Supports
13.6.1
If Teflon sheets or similar low friction materials are used to reduce the design loads on piping and/or the supporting structure, provision shall be made to allow angular adjustment of the bearing surface during installation, so that an even distribution of the load can be assured.
13.6.2 Low friction supports shall be designed such that sand or other debris
cannot accumulate on sliding surfaces.
13.7 Dummy Supports
13.7.1 The dummy supports shall not create excessive stresses at the
attachment welds to the run pipe. This can be accomplished by minimizing the length of the supports and/or increasing the size of the supports.
13.7.2 A 6 mm weep hole shall be drilled for all dummy supports. The weep hole shall be located near the base plate for all vertical dummy
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Design of Plant Piping
supports, and near the run pipe at 6 o’clock position for all horizontal dummy supports.
13.7.3 Dummy supports shall be welded on a wear pad.
13.8 Support Spacing
Support spacing for above ground piping systems shall be based on a formal piping stress analysis. Saudi Aramco standard drawing AC-036697 may be used as a guideline.
13.9 End Anchors
The Design Agency shall ensure that above-ground restrained and buried pipelines terminating at the plant facilities be provided with end anchors.
13.10 Intermediate Anchors, Guides, and Line Stops
13.10.1 The free movement of unrestrained piping, both in axial and lateral
directions, shall be controlled and limited by properly located guides and anchoring points to within acceptable bounds.
13.10.2 Intermediate anchors or axial line stops shall be provided for above-
ground unrestrained piping between and/or at the center of expansion loops or offsets. The design load for such intermediate anchors shall include the effect of friction forces.
13.10.3 Axial line stops and guides shall be provided for above ground
unrestrained lines subject to dynamic forces in services listed below.
Steam lines Two-phase flow lines Liquid intermittent lines, such those used to control liquid level in
the drums
Pressurized drain lines Relief and blow-down lines Flare lines High-pressure gas lines
13.10.4 The dynamic loads due to two phase slug flow shall be estimated based
on the process data. The estimated forces should be based on the highest expected vapor velocity with the liquid density.
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
The supporting structures shall be designed to withstand slug forces acting at changes in direction. However, the pipe guides and stops shall yield prior to the pipe.
13.11 Dampening Anchors
Suitable dampening anchors shall be provided to hold down the piping and mitigate vibration as required at control valve stations, (surge) relief valves, and where flow surges can occur.
13.12 All pipe support structural attachments, which transfer loads to the pipe through
welds, such as (anchors, stops, guides, dummy supports, pipe shoes, etc.) shall be welded to wear pad or saddle.
Saddle-type supports shall be provided for piping 30-inch NPS and larger.
14 Welded Attachments
14.1 Welded attachment irrelevant to the piping systems shall be minimized.
14.2
14.3
On the construction drawings, all welds to the pipe shall be shown as continuous with smooth finish.
Piping in hazardous services where condensation can form on the pipe, or operating within 50 m of the sea shall have wear pads welded to the pipe at each support (see Standard Drawing AD-036555).
15
Plant Utility Piping System
15.1 This section of the standard defines additional limitations on piping used for
connecting a supply of steam, water, air, nitrogen or other inert gas to process equipment in hazardous services except as stated below. It also includes connections for the purpose of purging or cleaning when the process equipment is not in operation.
15.2 This section does not apply to purge connections to open furnaces or fire boxes. It also does not cover connections to process equipment where the process flow and utility flow remain physically separated such as in cooling water or instrument air.
15.3 The design of utility stations located in various plants within one plant area which are operated by one operating department or division shall be uniform and shall be such that the risk of accidental connection to the wrong utility is minimized.
15.4 The connectors and color coding in Table 2 shall be standardized for utility
stations in new plants not governed by paragraph 15.3.
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SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
Table 2 – Connectors and Color Coding for Plant Utility Stations
Utility
Hose Connection
Color Code
Demineralized Water
1-inch brass
Blue-White stripe
Raw Water
1-inch brass
Blue
Air
Steam
Nitrogen
¾-inch cast iron
1-inch steel
Green/Gray stripe
White
1-inch steel wing nut union
Green/Orange stripe
Commentary Note:
Each individual operating organization shall use additional striping to distinguish different types of water or steam within the above color coding scheme.
15.5 Hose connections, where applicable, shall be positioned at elevation not higher
than 1,200 mm above finished plant grade or above platform of multilevel equipment but not lower than 600 mm. They shall be pointing 45 degrees downward. The piping shall be securely bolted to a supporting structure. Utility connections shall be installed with minimum 150 mm clearance between each other.
15.6 Each utility take-off connection shall be located at the top of the horizontal main header or auxiliary header. Root valves shall be provided for each utility take-off connection from a main header or auxiliary header which cannot be taken out of service without shutting down a complete processing unit or operating facility.
15.7
Instrument air take-off connections to the plant utility station shall always be provided with root valves.
15.8 Except raw water, each utility line shall be provided with an isolation valve, pressure gauge, check valve, and a drain just upstream of the specified hose connector (see paragraph 15.4) at the termination. Ball or globe valves shall be used for air, water, and nitrogen services; globe or angle valves shall be used for steam service, unless otherwise specified by the Proponent Operating Department. Each line shall have a service name plate in Arabic and English indicating the service. The utility pipe and the ends of hoses provided with the station shall be color coded.
15.9 The steam line shall have a steam trap and shall be insulated for personnel
protection except for utility steam take-off lines. Utility steam take-off lines shall be insulated but shall not be provided with steam traps. Utility steam stations located above the utility steam header shall be self-draining towards the utility steam header. Utility steam lines to utility stations below the utility steam
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Design of Plant Piping
header shall be allowed to gather steam condensate, which is removed by operations before applying the utility steam.
15.10 Water supply systems which deliver drinking water shall not be connected to
process equipment as utility water source.
15.11 Fire water systems shall not be connected to process equipment.
16
Utility-Process Connections
Requirements of this section are specific to the Utility-Process Connections, in addition to the requirements of this standard.
16.1 Temporary Utility-Process connections with components listed in the direction
of the utility flow shall be as follows:
16.1.1 The utility side shall have a block (root) valve, pressure gauge, check
valve and a drain valve to depressurize the hose or the break-away spool. The process side shall also have a check valve, block valve and pressure gauge near the hose connection. When disconnected, both open piping ends shall be capped, or plugged, or fitted with blind flanges.
16.1.2 The break-away spool shall be designed such that when not in use, it
can be easily disconnected and kept at a dedicated, fixed location. The spool shall be painted with stripes of color per the piping color code per SAES-B-067.
16.2 No permanent connections other than air or steam shall be made to process equipment operating above 100°C nor shall water or steam be permanently connected to equipment that operate below 0°C.
16.3 Permanent connections without a break tank shall not be made except when the required service is continuous or frequent (at least twice per week) or needed for emergencies. Permanent connections without a break tank shall consist of the following (in the direction of the utility flow):
16.3.1 The utility flow shall have instrumentation for automatic shut-off on
low flow or low pressure (in addition to a check valve) in all cases where redundant protection against back flow is required by the Operating Department.
16.3.2 The utility side shall have a pressure gauge, block valve, bleed valve and spectacle blind or quick change blind (normally open).
16.3.3 The process side shall have a check valve, bleed valve or drain, block
valve and pressure gauge.
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Design of Plant Piping
16.3.4 The block valves of the connection shall be within sight of each other and shall be as close as practical to the process equipment. The pressure gauges and the position of the blind shall be clearly visible from a single point.
16.4 Air connections to asphalt or hot oil piping through which air is supplied to blow
the product to tankage, shall be provided with a water knock-out (KO) drum with drainage facilities. The line downstream of the KO drum shall not contain low points and shall have an additional drain valve immediately upstream of the process connection.
16.5 When air is injected as a reaction agent, such as in Merox and air sweetening
units, the control shall be such that the hydrocarbon/air mixtures will not enter the flammable range unless required by the process. Instrumentation shall be provided to shut off the air flow if the process flow fails. In addition, a restriction orifice shall be provided.
16.6 The rating of all components of a permanent connection shall be suitable for the more severe of pressure/temperature of the process or the utility service.
16.7 For temporary connections the pressure/temperature rating of the process side
shall extend to the hose or break-away spool.
16.8
If the process fluid requires internal lining or material other than used in the utility system, the lining or the material shall extend from and include the check valve on the process side. Valves with bodies of gray cast iron, ductile iron, or low melting point alloys (such as brass or bronze) shall not be used in a permanent connection including the utility side. Valve bodies and trim in a permanent connection shall be suitable for both the process and the utility fluid with regard to corrosion and pressure rating.
16.9 Operator access shall be provided to the block valves on either side and to the
blind or break-away spool of the connection. Chain operated valves shall not be used.
17
Vibration Consideration
17.1 Susceptibility of piping to vibration shall be assessed based on a structured and
recognized industry method such as the Energy Institute “Guidelines for the Avoidance of Vibration Induced Fatigue Failure in Process Pipework”. The assessment report shall be part of the deliverables of the project detailed design package.
17.2 Piping systems that are subjected to vibration shall be routed as close to grade or
to heavy concrete foundations as possible. Rigid anchors and restraints, when
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Design of Plant Piping
required, shall be used effectively to properly secure the piping and shall be designed to provide lateral stiffness needed to restrain dynamic forces.
17.3 Small Branch Connections (25% smaller than the header) in piping connected to rotating equipment within 20 feet shall meet the following requirements:
17.3.1 The number of branch connections shall be kept to an absolute minimum.
17.3.2 All small branch connections shall follow one of the following:
Braced in accordance with Standard Drawing AB-036521.
Schedule 160 close nipples with reinforcing pad as required by the
code or integrally reinforced outlets of approval design.
An extended body valve (with reinforcement as required by the code)
17.4 Piping system downstream pressure reducing devices such as control valves and
relief valves shall be evaluated for acoustically induced vibration according to SAER-5317 or the Guidelines for Avoidance of Vibration Induced Fatigue Failure in Process Pipework, EI. The valve outlet Mach number shall be limited to SAES-J-600 and SAES-F-007 requirements where applicable.
The following shall be considered to reduce the mechanical response due to AIV:
Pipe intersections should be at 45 degree inclination rather than 90 degree.
Pipe bends shall be of the long radius type with minimum 3 diameters.
Increase the pipe length downstream of valve to attenuate 3dB for every 50 pipe diameter. Minimum pipe length of 20 pipe diameter is required downstream of the pressure reducing devices.
Weldolet or Latrolet shall not be used in the piping system subject to AIV.
Small bore connection shall be braced in accordance with Standard Drawing
AB-036521.
All structural attachment including reinforcement of branch connection shall
have full encirclement sleeve.
18
Chemical Cleaning Line Identification
Lines that require chemical cleaning during construction shall be identified and marked up on the appropriate P&ID’s and Line Index Tables in accordance with SAES-L-350 and SAES-A-008. The systems to be cleaned shall have high and low point vents and drains installed.
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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 25 June 2020 Next Planned Update: 25 June 2023
19
Testing and Inspection
SAES-L-310
Design of Plant Piping
19.1 The design of the piping systems shall facilitate effective pressures testing per
the requirements of SAES-L-150.
19.2 Test procedures shall be prepared during the design stage.
19.3 For capital projects where a project proposal will be developed, the scope of
pressure testing requirements shall be prepared.
Revision Summary
25 July 2012
19 July 2017
Revised the “Next Planned Update.” Reaffirmed the content of the document, and reissued with editorial revisions. Major revision for the normal revision cycle, and requirements against company needs according to latest related industry practices and projects lessons learned. Changes include:
- Optimizing the minimum thickness requirements for piping.
- Updating the piping vibration consideration requirements.
30 January 2018 Editorial revision. 05 May 2019 25 June 2020
Editorial revision to comply with content confirmation requirements Major revision.
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Project: Q-31108 - Tecnicas - Riyas Folder: RFQ Files