SAES-L-350

Engineering Standard

28 February 2022

SAES-L-350 Construction of Plant Piping

Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee

Previous Issue: 27 February 2019 Contact: KHOUFIMS

Next Planned Update: 28 February 2027

Page 1 of 16

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

Contents

SUMMARY OF CHANGES … 3

SCOPE … 4

CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS … 4

REFERENCES … 4

TERMINOLOGY … 6

4.1

DEFINITIONS … 6

RESPONSIBILITIES … 6

6 MATERIALS … 6

STORAGE AND PRESERVATION … 7

HANDLING … 7

PIPE FIT-UP AND TOLERANCES … 7

FABRICATION … 8

11 WELDED ATTACHMENTS … 8

FLANGED JOINTS … 9

13 PIPE SUPPORTS AND HANGERS … 9

14 ERECTION AND INSTALLATION… 11

15 CLEANING … 11

16 BURIED PIPING INSTALLATION … 13

INSPECTION … 13

18 PRESSURE TESTING … 13

LAY UP REQUIREMENTS … 13

LINES MARKING … 14

LINES PAINTING … 14

LINES INSULATION … 14

DOCUMENT HISTORY … 15

APPENDIX A - CLEANING AND FLUSHING OF PLANT PIPING SYSTEMS … 16

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

Summary of Changes

Paragraph Number

Previous Revision (01 July 2019)

Current Revision (28 Feb 2022)

Change Type (Addition, Modification, Deletion)

Technical Change(s)

1.1

3.1

3.2

5.4

6.4

10.1

10.3

12.1

1.1

3.1

3.2

10.1

10.3

12.1

Addition

Added ASME B31.12

Deleted

Deleted SAES-L-105

Addition

Added reference SAES-W-016 Welding of Special Corrosion-resistant Materials

Addition

Added reference ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines

Deleted

Deleted: It is the responsibility of the PMT and Inspection Agency to assure that construction of the piping systems is in compliance with the construction drawings and the applicable Codes and Saudi Aramco Standards and Standard Drawings. Deleted: Material substitution shall not be made without prior approval of the Design Agency, PMT and Inspection agency. Material substitution shall be limited to equivalent material that meets Saudi Aramco requirements and the Project Design requirements.

Addition

Added SAES-W-016

Addition

Added SAES-W-016

Deleted

Deleted SAES-L-105

14.3

New

Added: Pipe clearances as specified in SAES-L-310 section 11shall be followed. If for practicality the clearance has to be altered, prior approval shall be granted by PMT and Proponent.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

Scope

1.1

This standard supplements ASME B31 Codes (ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, and B31.12) and defines additional requirements governing the fabrication and installation of metallic plant piping systems designed as per SAES-L-310, including those on offshore structures.

1.2

This standard is also applicable to piping assemblies associated with cross- country pipelines such as jumpovers, scraper trap facilities, and valves stations.

Conflicts and Deviations

Any conflicts between this document and other applicable Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements (MSAERs) shall be addressed to the EK&RD Coordinator.

Any deviation from the requirements herein shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302.

References

The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

SAEP-35

SAEP-302

SAEP-351

SAEP-385

SAEP-1662

Valves Handling, Hauling, Receipt, Storage and Testing

Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirement

Bolted Flange Joints Assembly

Preservation of Project Materials and Equipment

Chemical Cleaning of Plant Equipment and Piping

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-004

SAES-A-007

SAES-B-067

SAES-H-002

General Requirements for Pressure Testing

Hydrostatic Testing Fluid and Lay-up Procedure

Safety Identification and Safety Colors

Internal and External Coatings for Steel Pipelines and Piping

SAES-H-200

Storage, Handling and Installation of Coated Pipe

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

SAES-H-101V

SAES-G-116

SAES-J-100

SAES-L-100

SAES-L-109

SAES-L-110

SAES-L-120

SAES-L-125

SAES-L-150

SAES-L-310

SAES-L-450

SAES-L-460

SAES-N-001

SAES-W-011

SAES-W-016

SAES-X-600

Approved Saudi Aramco Data Sheets - Paints and Coatings

Cleanliness Standard for Lube/Seal Oil Fluid Power Systems

Process Measurement

Applicable Codes and Standards for Pressure

Piping Systems

Selection of Flanges, Stud Bolts, and Gaskets

Limitations on Pipe Joints and Components

Piping Flexibility Analysis

Safety Instruction Sheet for Piping and Pipelines

Pressure Testing of Plant Piping and Pipelines

Design of Plant Piping

Construction of on-Land and Nearshore Pipelines

Pipelines Crossings under Roads and Railroads

Insulation for Piping and Equipment

Welding Requirements for On-plot Piping

Welding of Special Corrosion-resistant Materials

Cathodic Protection of External Surfaces of Plant Facilities

Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications

01-SAMSS-010

Fabricated Steel Piping

Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings

AA-036911-001

Insulation Details for Hot Piping

AA-036913-001

Insulation Details for Cold Piping

AC-036630-001

Installation of Jack Screws for Flanged Joints

Saudi Aramco Safety Management Guide

06-003-2021

Job Safety Analysis

3.2

Industry Codes and Standards

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

API 686, Chapter 6

Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and Installation Design (2nd edition, 2009)

ASME A13.1

Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

ASME B31.1

ASME B31.3

ASME B31.4

ASME B31.8

Power Piping

Process Piping

Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid and Slurry

Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

ASME B31.12

Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines

Terminology

4.1 Definitions

Construction Agency: The firm responsible of fabricating and erecting the piping system. This could be the construction contractor, the lump sum turnkey contractor, or the sub-contractor.

Design Agency: The firm responsible for the design of the piping system. It could be the design Contractor, the Lump Sum Turn Key Contractor or in house design organization of Saudi Aramco.

Inspection Agency: The firm responsible for conducting the inspection activities and enforcing the applicable standards, documents and procedures. This could be the Saudi Aramco Inspection or a third party Inspector.

Cross-Country Pipeline: Refer to SAES-L-100.

Responsibilities

5.1

5.2

5.3

It is the responsibility of the construction agency to ensure the piping system are constructed in accordance with Saudi Aramco approved drawings.

It is the responsibility of the construction agency to ensure that construction of the piping systems is in compliance with the applicable Industry Codes and Saudi Aramco Standards as well as Standard Drawings.

It is the responsibility of the construction agency to ensure piping systems are constructed with qualified personnel with the required certifications per Saudi Aramco standards and procedure including but not limited to welding, coating, and flange assembly.

Materials

6.1 All pipe and fittings shall have the material specification and grade stamped, stenciled, or otherwise clearly marked with permanent marking method.

6.2 All pipes, fittings, flanges, and gaskets material shall be sourced from approved manufacturers and shall comply with the applicable Saudi Aramco and Industry Specifications. This should be confirmed through proper material identifications and certifications.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

6.3 Valves shall be sourced from approved manufacturers and shall comply with the

applicable Saudi Aramco and Industry Specifications.

Storage and Preservation

The following requirements shall apply to storage areas relevant to the particular project which includes, but not limited to, layout yards, receiving areas, warehouses, etc.

7.1 A program to preserve materials and minimize corrosion during the delivery, storage, construction, and commissioning activities shall be developed in accordance with SAEP-385.

7.2 Piping and its components shall not be stored directly on the ground. Piping and its components shall be placed on clean mounds, sand bags or sleepers.

7.3 Stacking of pipes shall be made in a manner to avoid damage to pipes or

coatings. Refer to SAES-H-200.

7.4 Valves shall be stored in shipping crates or on racks. Refer to SAEP-35.

7.5 End protectors on pipes, flanges, weld bevels, threads, and socket ends shall be

firmly attached.

7.6 Stainless steel material shall be protected against exposure to seawater splash

during shipment and storage.

Handling

8.1 All materials shall be handled with care during fabrication and installation to

prevent damage.

8.2

Lined and coated pipes and fittings shall be lifted with wide fabric or rubber- covered slings and padding shall be used to prevent damage to lining or coating in accordance with SAES-H-200.

Pipe Fit-up and Tolerances

9.1

9.2

The maximum tolerance for axial dimensions, face-to-face, center-to-face and location of attachments shall be ± 3 mm.

Flattening of bends, measured as the difference between the largest and the smallest outside diameter at any cross section, shall not exceed 5% of the nominal diameter of the pipe. Flattening of bends at weld ends shall not exceed 3% of the nominal pipe diameter.

9.3

Lateral transition of branches and connections from the centerline of the run shall not exceed ± 1.5 mm.

9.4

Flange alignment shall be as per SAEP-351 Section 8 dated 2/21/21.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

9.5

For piping over 3-inch NPS and connected to machinery/equipment, flange alignment shall be within the recommended limits of API 686 Chapter 6 Section 4.6, or equipment vendor specified tolerances unless piping analysis per SAES- L-120 shows that loads and moments are within the manufacturer’s limits for the machinery/equipment nozzle.

9.6

In the case where a spectacle plate is installed between two flanges, these tolerances can be increased by 30% except for tolerances for flange face tilt across diameter and flange face separation.

Fabrication

10.1 Shop fabrication of piping shall be in accordance with 01-SAMSS-010. All welding and weld inspection of piping shall be in accordance with SAES-W-011 and SAES-W-016.

10.2 Limitation on piping joints and branch connections shall be in accordance with

SAES-L-110.

10.3

If post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of pipe spools is required (refer to SAES-W-011, SAES-W-016), non-pressure containing welded attachments such as shoe support for insulated lines, dummy extensions and legs, and wear pads shall be welded to the pipe spools before stress relieving. PWHT of piping spools with flanged joints shall be done before flange assembly.

10.4 Orifice flanges shall comply with the following:

10.4.1 The requirements of SAES-J-100 shall apply.

10.4.2 The inside surface of welded joints at orifice flanges shall be ground or machined smooth and radiographed. Jackscrews may be installed on orifice flanges per requirement of SAES-L-109 paragraph 5.6.2 (January, 2018).

10.5 Where, a spectacle plate is required by the design drawings, the fabricator shall

drill, tap and install jack screws for the flanges as per AC-036630-001. When flange separators are used, jackscrews are not required.

10.6 Branch connections and their reinforcement shall not cover the girth welds.

10.7 Reinforcing pad material should be of the same pipe material or plate material with equivalent mechanical properties of the pipe. Reinforcing pads shall not be installed except where it is called on the design drawings. Reinforcing pad size and thickness shall be verified based on design parameters and operating conditions.

11 Welded Attachments

11.1 Welded attachment to the piping systems, which are irrelevant to the piping systems, such as those for electrical conduits, shall not be installed without prior permission by PMT.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

11.2 All structural attachments, which transfer loads to the pipe through welds, shall be welded to full encirclement sleeves or saddle pads per the approved Saudi Aramco design drawings.

11.3 All welds to the pipe shall be continuous with smooth finish. Spot welding is not

acceptable.

Flanged Joints

12.1 Flanges to be installed shall meet the requirements of SAES-L-109.

12.2 Construction Agency shall verify that the material, type, and class of the installed bolted flanges meet the line class specifications where such flanged assembly will be installed.

12.3 The flange joints shall be assembled and bolts tightened in accordance with

SAEP-351.

12.4 The flange joints shall not be used to support the piping system.

12.5 Gaskets shall be handled in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

Gasket shall be replaced whenever opening of flange assembly.

Exception:

Ring joint gaskets with rubber coating, and spring energized isolating gaskets may be re- used if visual inspection and dimensional checks confirm no damage or permanent deformations.

Pipe Supports and Hangers

13.1 The pipe shall not be used to support other pipes and structures, i.e. individual

supporting is required.

A maximum of two pipe sizes NPS 2 and smaller supported by not less than 4 times its diameter pipe are excluded from this requirement if flexiblity analysis conducted per SAES-L-120 demonstrate that stresses on both the supporting pipe, and the supported Piping systems are within the code requirements.

13.2 Dummy Supports

13.2.1 Additional dummy leg supports other than those in the design drawings shall not

be installed without prior review and approval by PMT.

13.2.2 A 6 mm diameter weep hole shall be drilled for all dummy supports prior to welding to the pipe. The weep hole shall be located near the base plate for all vertical dummy supports, and near the run pipe at 6 o’clock position for all horizontal dummy supports.

13.3 Low Friction Supports

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

If low friction materials are used to function as low friction supports, the following shall apply:

13.3.1 Sliding surfaces shall be protected during all construction activities including

painting and sandblasting.

13.3.2 Provision shall be made to allow angular adjustment of the bearing surface during

installation, so that an even distribution of the load can be assured.

13.3.3 Low friction supports shall be constructed such that sand or other debris cannot accumulate on sliding surfaces (by making the top surface larger than the bottom surface).

13.4 Spring Supports

13.4.1 The spring setting shall be verified to match the design requirements.

13.4.2 The spring support shall be in full engagement with pipe.

13.4.3 All springs shall be in compression, so that failure will not result in the complete

release of load.

13.4.4 Springs shall be factory set to the calculated cold settings by means of travel stops. Upper stops for load preset and lower stops for hydro-test shall be provided. These stops shall be banded or locked in place so they cannot be easily dislodged during erection or hydro-test. The travel stops shall be painted red and shall have a bright color tag indicating “Remove after Hydro-test.”

13.4.5 Each spring hanger assembly must be capable of sustaining the load during

hydrotesting, in any case not less than 2 times the operating load.

13.5 Hanger Rods

Generally rod hangers should be avoided, as far as practical. Even if they were specified on the design drawings, good workmanship and construction practices should be exercised to replace them with rigid pipe supports.

In case they are installed the following shall apply:

13.5.1 Rod hangers shall not be used for lines NPS 12 and larger in liquid

service or multi-phase flow.

13.5.2 All hangers shall be provided with means for vertical adjustment.

13.5.3 Suitable locking devices shall be used at all threaded connections of the

hanger assembly (double nuts).

13.5.4 Rod hangers shall be subjected to tensile loading only.

13.5.5 Practicality for replacing them with rigid pipe supports should be

evaluated and implemented, during construction.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

13.6 Support Spacing

Support spacing as detailed in the approved design drawings shall be followed. If for practicality the spacing has to be altered, prior approval shall be granted by PMT.

Erection and Installation

14.1 All sensitive equipment subject to damage during cleaning and flushing of the piping system shall not be installed or shall be removed if installed prior to commencing the cleaning process. The list of these equipment shall be established during early stages of the execution of the project. Examples of sensitive equipment are: rotating machinery, orifices, control valves, flow- elements, soft-seated valves, globe valves, etc.

14.2 All erected piping systems and components shall be internally clean and free from

foreign objects as detailed in the Section 15.

14.3 Pipe clearances as specified in SAES-L-310 section 11 shall be followed. If for practicality the clearance has to be altered, prior approval shall be granted by PMT and Proponent, after considering aspects such as potential interference / clash, expansion / contraction, deflection, displacement, integrity, operability, maintainability among others.

Cleaning

15.1 During project detailed design development, cleaning and flushing procedures for each piping system shall be developed. The procedure shall identify the applicable methods that will used for every piping system.

15.1.1 Perform a Job Safety Analysis as per Saudi Aramco Safety Management Guide #06-003-2021. The procedures shall include all safety measures required during cleaning including substances used in the pipe cleaning shall be evaluated for associated hazards.

15.1.2 The procedures shall be reviewed and approved by PMT, Proponent, and

Inspections Agency.

15.2 Prior to Installation

As a minimum and prior to installation and/or erection of pipe spools on the pipe racks and pipe supports the following shall be conducted:

15.2.1 All pipes shall be internally cleaned by air blowing. In addition, for large diameters

pipes rag cleaning should be conducted if found practical.

15.2.2 All prefabricated pipe spools shall be visually inspected for cleanliness, and shall

have foreign material removed from the inside.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

15.2.3 The piping ends shall be covered after inspection. Plastic covers should not be used as a replacement of end caps. - Removing the end cover before making the joint to the next section of piping is unacceptable.

15.3 During Assembly and Erection

15.3.1 During assembly and erection, the construction agency shall ensure that no foreign materials (such as welding consumables, lumbers, gloves, etc.) are left inside the piping system.

15.3.2 The assembled piping shall be cleaned by one or more of the methods outlined in Appendix A or by the cleaning methods addressed per paragraph 15.1.

15.3.3 The cleanliness shall be verified visually and/or by video inspection techniques

or as addressed by the cleaning methods per paragraph 15.3.2.

15.4 Chemical Cleaning or Steam Blowing or Hydro milling

15.4.1 The cleaning methods which are not addressed in the equipment standards or cleaning procedure shall be Chemical cleaning or Steam blowing or Hydro milling.

The interior of the piping for the following specific services shall be cleaned with one of the approved procedures ie. Chemical Cleaning or Steam Blowing or Hydro milling, after hydrostatic pressure testing to remove oil, grease, preservatives, rust, and mill scale.

Boiler feed water and steam condensate.

Lube oil and seal oil.

Seal gas supply piping.

Steam supply line to turbines.

DGA, TEG, and Refrigerant systems.

If necessary to meet service fluid quality.

15.4.2 Chemical cleaning shall be according to SAEP-1662. Cleaning of lube oil and

seal oil piping systems shall be according to SAES-G-116.

15.4.3 For

the steam blowing cleaning, a

target plate shall be

installed.

The target plate shall be mirror-finished impingement plate of carbon steel. The target plate shall be installed at the blow-off end. Target plate directly downstream of pipe elbow shall be avoided.

As an acceptance criteria, the number of pitting per square centimeters in the target plate shall not exceed 4 pits with size of less than 0.5 mm. Equipment manufacturer cleaning specification shall be followed if it is more conservative.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

Buried Piping Installation

16.1 Buried metallic plant piping (if permitted by SAES-L-310) shall have corrosion protection in accordance with the applicable Saudi Aramco Coating Standards and SAES-X-600.

16.2 Buried installations shall comply with requirements in SAES-L-450 as applicable.

16.3 The minimum cover for road crossing shall be in accordance with SAES-L-460.

16.4 Transition Zones

16.4.1 The transition zones of the metallic piping from above ground to

underground shall not be encompassed by concrete or asphalt. A minimum of 305mm (12 inch) annulus of sweet sand capped with aggregate shall surround the transition section of pipe sizes NPS 12 and above. For smaller pipe sizes, the annulus shall equal the pipe diameter, but in no case less than 76mm (3 inches).

16.4.2 At the transition point the external coating shall be extended from the

below ground to a minimum of 1 meter on the above ground section.

Inspection

17.1 Fabricated and erected piping shall be inspected in accordance with the

applicable Codes and Saudi Aramco requirements as a minimum.

17.2

Inspection strategies and plans shall be prepared and agreed on between SAPMT, Construction Agency, and Inspection Agency prior to commencing of fabrication and erection.

Pressure Testing

Pressure testing of the piping systems shall be in accordance with SAES-A-004, SAES-L-125, and SAES-L-150.

Lay Up Requirements

19.1 Piping systems which have been completed as far as cleaning and pressure

testing shall be properly laid up in accordance with SAES-A-007.

19.2 Lay up shall be performed and completed in a manner to avoid any damage to

the piping systems and the associated process equipment connected.

19.3 The lay up method shall not affect the performance of the intended process of

the piping systems.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

Lines Marking

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

20.1 All aboveground lines shall be clearly marked to easily identify the following as a

minimum:

a) Flow direction and service.

b) Line designation number, size, class, and specification.

c) Color coding per SAES-B-067 shall apply.

d) Process equipment connected to the line as applicable and practical.

e) Color coding to the lines as applicable and detailed in the design drawings.

20.2 Line marking for aboveground lines shall be in accordance to ASME A13.1.

20.3 Marking for buried lines shall be per SAES-L-450.

Lines Painting

21.1 Piping systems shall be painted in accordance with SAES-H-002 and SAES-H-

101V.

21.2 Painting should not be applied prior to hydrotesting has been completed unless

it meets the conditions of SAES-A-004 Appendix D.

Lines Insulation

22.1 Lines insulation shall be installed per SAES-N-001, SASD AA-036911-001, and SASD AA-036913-001 where required for personnel protection or process requirements.

22.2 Sections of the insulation shall be removable to allow for on stream inspection. In coordination with PMT, Proponent approval should be obtained prior to installation to identify the removable section locations.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

Document History

28 February 2022

1 July 2019

27 February 2019

30 January 2018 11 March 2014

This major revision is for the normal revision cycle, and requirements against company needs according to latest related industry practices. Editorial revision as some references are not reflected in the body of the document and removed brand name (Teflon). This major revision is for the normal revision cycle, and requirements against company needs according to latest related industry practices and recent projects lessons learned. Editorial revision Revised the Next Planned Update, reaffirmed the content of the document, and reissued as major revision.

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Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee Issue Date: 28 February 2022 Next Revision: 28 February 2027

SAES-L-350

Construction of Plant Piping

Appendix A - Cleaning and Flushing of Plant Piping Systems

Water Flushing

Equipment which are sensitive to damage during water flushing shall be removed, blocked off or isolated. A list shall be prepared and be part of the flushing procedure. Ball valves shall be flushed in fully open position.

All piping systems shall be flushed using high pressure [60.8 mPa (8.8 ksi) minimum] jet such as rotating hose or rotating nozzle.

Below NPS 4”, use High Velocity Water Flushing (HVWF). On systems where high pressure jet flushing cannot be used due to complicated shapes and/or long runs use HVWF or slug flushing. Water velocity shall be a minimum of 3 m/s.

The general flushing medium shall be plant/ process water or raw water. Potable water may be used where process water is not available. Sea water is not acceptable. The water quality shall comply with the requirements as specified in SAES-A-007 prior to flushing.

When flushing stainless steel lines, the chloride ion content shall be less than 50 mg/L. After flushing, the piping systems shall be completely drained, dried to a dew point below -1°C and protected against corrosion.

Pneumatic Flushing

Pneumatic flushing with dry air (dew point -1°C or less) or steam with a minimum exit velocity of 15 m/s. Repeat flushing until cleanliness is verified by observing the absence of any solids impact on a polished metal target at the exit.

Pressurized Air Shock Blowing (PASB)

Use PASB for initial cleaning for instrument air and plant air systems and as an alternative method for initial cleaning of small bore pipe (less than NPS 2 inches). Use PASB if there are problems removing trapped liquid in the piping, or to verify cleanliness of small bore pipe where video inspection is impossible or inadequate due to pipe dimension or configuration.

The air shocking pressure shall never exceed the working pressure of the system and shall never be more than 810 kPa (115 psi). Safety precaution shall be considered in consultation with Area Loss Prevention Division when this method is used.

Repeat PASB until cleanliness is verified by observing the absence of any solids impact on a polished metal target at the exit. The metal target may be covered with a disposable white lining to improve visibility.

Mechanical Scrapers

Mechanical scrapers can be used under the condition that damage to the pipe interior surface shall not occur.

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