Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
COMPANY Contract No.: LTC/C/NFP/5129/20 CONTRACTOR Project No.: 033764
ASSET
: NFPS
Document Title
:
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
COMPANY Document No.
:
200-20-SH-SPC-00018
CONTRACTOR Document No.
:
033764-E-D00-18-SPM-LP-S-00006
Discipline
: HSE&Q
Document Type
: SPECIFICATION
Document Category/Class
:
1
Document Classification
:
Internal
B 02-MAY-2025
Issued for Approval
A 28-JAN-2025
Issued for Review
Muthukumar Gurusamy Gurudev Pradhan
Jerine Baby / Gabriella Almasio Jerine Baby / Gabriella Almasio
Balasubramani Perumal Balasubramani Perumal
LOSPE Engr. Dy. LOSPE Lead LOSPE Lead
REV.
DATE
DESCRIPTION OF REVISION
PREPARED BY
REVIEWED BY
APPROVED BY
Saipem S.p.A
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROPERTY OF QatarEnergy LNG. THIS DRAWING OR MATERIAL DESCRIBED THEREON MAY NOT BE COPIED OR DISCLOSED IN ANY FORM OR MEDIUM TO THIRD PARTIES, OR USED FOR OTHER THAN THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH IT HAS BEEN PROVIDED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART IN ANY MANNER EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PERMITTED BY QatarEnergy LNG.
200-20-SH-SPC-00018_B
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
REVISION HISTORY
Revision
Date
Revision Description
A1
10-DEC-2024
Issued for Inter Discipline Check
A
B
28-JAN-2025
Issued for Review
02-MAY-2025
Issued for Approval
HOLDS LIST
Hold No
Hold Description
200-20-SH-SPC-00018_B
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
1.1 1.2
2
2.1 2.2
3
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
4
5
6
INTRODUCTION … 6
PROJECT Objective … 6 PROJECT Scope … 6
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS … 9
Definitions … 9 Abbreviations … 10
REGULATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS … 12
COMPANY References … 12 Project Documents … 12 Standards … 13 Order of Precedence … 15
PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT … 16
SCOPE … 17
ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND MOVING AROUND FACILITY … 18
Escape Routes … 18 6.1 Exits … 18 6.2 Doors … 18 6.3 6.4 Doors and Hatches on Escape Routes… 19 6.5 Walkways and Working Platforms … 19 6.6 Stairs, Ladders and Ramps … 22 6.6.1 General … 22 6.6.2 Stairs… 22 6.6.3 Stair Ladders … 24 6.6.4 Fixed Ladders … 24 6.6.5 Ramps … 31 6.7 Workspace and Access … 34 6.7.1 Workspace … 34 6.7.2 Deck Surfaces: Slip and Trip Hazards … 40 6.7.3 Access … 40 6.8 Valves … 41 6.8.1 General … 41 6.8.2 Manual Valve Categories … 42 Category 1 Manual Valve… 42 6.8.2.1 Category 2 Manual Valves … 42 6.8.2.2 Category 3 Manual Valves … 43 6.8.2.3 6.8.2.4 Manual Valve Placement … 43
7
WORKING ENVIRONMENT … 46
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
Lighting … 46 7.1 Thermal Environment … 47 7.2 7.2.1 Temperature … 47 7.3 Vibration … 48 7.3.1 Whole Body Vibration … 48 7.3.2 Hand-Arm Vibration … 48 Noise Reduction and Control … 48 7.4
8
EQUIPMENT … 49
8.1 Material Handling … 49 8.2 Large Equipment and Rotating Machinery … 49 8.2.1 Local Displays and Controls … 50 Overside and Suspended Work… 50 8.3 Generic HFE Requirement … 50 8.4 8.5 Local Instruments … 52 8.5.1 Moving To and Workspace Around the Local Instruments Locations … 52 8.5.2 Displays and Controls … 52 8.6 Pipework and Valves … 53 8.6.1 Controls and Displays … 53 8.6.2 Spacing … 53 Test and Valves … 53 8.7 8.8 Communication Systems… 54 8.8.1 System Requirements … 54 8.8.2 Speech Transmission and Reception Equipment … 54 8.8.3 Audibility and Recognition of Signals and Alarms … 55 8.8.4 Evacuation Alarm Systems … 56
9
9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5
10
SIGNAGE AND EQUIPMENT LABELLING… 57
Characters and Numerals … 57 Pipe Labelling … 57 Electrical, Instrument, Telecom Wire and Cable Labels … 57 Hazard Signs … 57 Text, Wording and Symbol Use for Signs and Equipment Handling … 58
LER AND CONTROL PANELS … 59
10.1.1.1
10.1 Visual Displays … 59 10.1.1 Distance and Angles … 59 Safety Critical Controls and Displays … 63 10.1.2 Spacing … 64 10.1.3 Sequence and Position … 64 10.1.4 Display Convention … 64 10.1.5 Operability … 64 10.2 Minimum Requirements for Process Control Systems … 67 10.2.1 Monitors … 67
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
10.2.2 Input/Pointing Devices … 67 10.2.3 Printers … 67 10.2.4 Dynamic Characteristics… 67 10.2.5 System Security … 67 10.2.6 Data Integrity … 68 10.2.7 Information Presentation … 68 10.2.8 Alarm Presentation… 68 10.3 Visual Access for Visual Display Units … 69 10.3.1 Visual Display Units and Touchscreen Displays and Controls … 71 10.4 General Label requirements for displays and controls … 72 10.4.1 Specific Requirements for Fire and Gas Panels … 73 10.4.2 Specific Requirements for ESD and Blowdown Panels … 74
11
ISOLATION AND EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN DEVICES … 75
11.1 Abnormal Condition Detection and Local Initiation … 75 Isolation Valves, Blinds, Switchgear and other Devices … 75 11.2
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
1
INTRODUCTION
The North Field is the world’s largest natural gas field and accounts for nearly all the State of Qatar’s gas production. The principal objective of the NFPS projects is to sustain plateau from existing QatarEnergy LNG Operation – S1, S2, S3, N1 and N2, production areas by implementing an integrated and optimum investment program consisting of subsurface development, pressure drop reduction steps and compression.
NFPS projects comprise 3 main investment programs:
- Investment #1: Drilling and Associated Facilities [WHP12S/ WHP13S/ WHP14S/
WHP12N/ WHP13N]
- Investment #2: Trunk line Looping and Intra-field pipeline looping [32” PL1LN, 32”
PL1LS, 38”PL610LS]
- Investment #3: Compression Complexes and associated facilities [Phase 1 CP6S & CP7S; Phase 2: CP8S & CP4N; Phase 3: CP4S & CP6N Phase 4: CP1S & CP1N]
Drilling and Looping, Investments #1 and #2, projects are in execution phase and are being executed as I1P1, EPCOL Projects except for WHP13N, which will be part of NFPS Compression Projects execution which compromises total up to 9 COMPs.
1.1 PROJECT Objective
The objective of this PROJECT includes:
• Achieve standards of global excellence in Safety, Health, Environment, Security and
Quality performance.
• Sustain the QatarEnergy LNG North Field Production Plateau by installing new RPs and one WHPs to support new Compression Complex facilities CP6S & CP7S and pre-installed facilities for future Compression Complex facilities including but not limited to CP4N & CP8S tie-in with integration to the existing facilities under Investment #3 program.
• Facility development shall be safe, high quality, reliable, maintainable, accessible,
operable, and efficient throughout their required life.
1.2 PROJECT Scope
The PROJECT Scope includes detailed engineering, procurement, construction, brownfield modifications, transportation & installation, hook-up and commissioning, tie-in to EXISTING PROPERTY and provide support for start-up activities of the following facilities and provisions for future development. The WORK shall be following the specified regulations, codes, specifications and standards, achieves the specified performance, and is safe and fit‐for‐ purpose in all respects.
Facilities – 1A
• RP5S RP with 2 x 28” CRA clad pipelines to RP7S and 2 subsea composite Cables
and associated J tubes from RP7S to RP5S & from CP7S to WHP13S.
• New Fuel Gas 8” CRA Spur-lines and flanged risers from Subsea skid to RP7S. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at WHP5S/RP5S bridge connection & WHP13S/CP7S Composite cable tie-in and E&I integration including RGA Control modification.
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
• Pipeline decommissioning of 28” CS PL5S including associated demolition work at
WHP5S.
Facilities – 2A
• RP6N RP with 1x28” CRA clad pipeline to WHP13N, 2 Subsea composite cables and
associated J tubes from WHP12N to RP4N and RP6N to WHP13N. • New fuel gas spur-line and flanged riser from subsea skid to RP6N. • WHP13N Topside. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at WHP6N/RP6N, RP4N- HPU-Umbilical and tie- in, WHP12N-new J tube installation, E&I migration, WHP6N/RP4N/WHP4N-E&I migration (Pre-CP4N), WHP13N and RP6N interconnection to NFB.
Facilities – 3A
• RP9S RP with 1x28” CRA clad pipeline to RP4S. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at RP4S/WHP9S, Modifications to integrate
RP9S to the RGA control network.
• Pipeline decommissioning of 28” CS PL9 to WYE on existing 38” trunkline PL48
including associated demolition work at WHP9S.
Facilities – 1B
• New fuel gas spur-line and flanged riser from subsea skid to RP4N. • Fiber Optic Cable from RP6N to onshore LFP East, RP6N to RP4N and RP6N to LQ6S. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at RP6N Composite and FO Tie-ins NFB-PU (East)- FO Tie-in
(East)/BVS
Power & Control modifications, LQ6S/LFP Controls/Telecoms Integration.
Facilities – 2B
• RP5N RP with 2 x 28” CRA clad pipelines to RP4N, 1 x 28” CRA clad pipeline to RP6N and 2 subsea composite Cables and associated J tubes from WHP12N to RP5N & from RP6N to RP5N.
• Hook-up and brownfield modification at WHP5N- RP5N Bridge connection, WHP12N Composite cable tie-in, RP4N Intrafield pipeline Hook up PL54 N/LN and E&I integration including NFB-PU Power & Control modifications.
• Pipeline decommissioning of 2 x 16” PL56/PL54 Subsea Spur line from WHP5N to
reducing barred tee in subsea tie-in skid on PL6 / PL4.
Facilities – 3B
• 2 subsea composite Cables from RP4S to RP9S & from RP4S to WHP12S (with J-
tube).
• New Fuel Gas 8” CRA Spur-lines and flanged risers from Subsea skid to RP4S. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at WHP12S/ RP9S/ RP4S Composite cable tie-
in, Spurline riser installation at RP4S RGA Power & Control modifications.
Facilities - 4B
• 1 subsea composite Cable from CP8S to RP11S (or from RP8S to RP11S as Option). • New Fuel Gas 8” CRA Spur-line and flanged riser from Subsea skid to RP8S. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at WHP8S/ WHP11S for Test separator Internal Upgrade and MEG system modification, Spur lines, Power & Control Tie-ins on RP8S, RP11S/WHP11S-Tie-in (Power and Control), RGA Power & Control modifications.
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
Facilities - 5B
• 2 subsea composite Cables from RT2 to WHP3S & from RT2 to WHP2S (with J-tube)
and FO Cable from RT2 to Barzan WHP1.
• New Fuel Gas 8” CRA Spur-line and flanged riser from Subsea skid to RT2. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at BRZ-WHP1 - FO cable tie-in, WHP2S/ WHP3S/ RT&RT2 Composite cable tie-in and associated modification, RGA Power & Control modifications.
Facilities – 6B
• RP3S RP with 1x24” CRA clad pipeline to RT2 with Stalk on risers. • Hook-up and brownfield modification at RT2 for 24” Intrafield pipeline and Composite/FO cable Hook-up, WHP3S for Production diversion and Utilities, Power and ICSS Hook-up, WHP2S for Composite Cable Tie-ins and Power & Control Integration RGA Power & Control modifications. topside existing and
In-situ abandonment of existing Topside/subsea Composite Cables RT-WHP2S, RT-WHP3S, Topside/Subsea FO cable RT-BRXWHP1.
• Decommissioning at
Figure 1.2.1: NFPS Compression Project COMP3 Scope
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
2 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
2.1 Definitions
Definition
Description
COMPANY
QatarEnergy LNG.
CONTRACTOR
Saipem S.p.A.
DELIVERABLES
FACILITIES
MILESTONE
PROJECT
SITE
All products (drawings, equipment, services) which must be submitted by CONTRACTOR to COMPANY at times specified in the contract. All machinery, apparatus, materials, articles, components, systems and items of all kinds to be designed, engineered, procured, manufactured, constructed, supplied, tested and permanently installed by CONTRACTOR at SITE in connection with the NFPS Project as further described in Exhibit 6.
fabricated,
A reference event splitting a PROJECT activity for progress measurement purpose.
COMP3 - NFPS Offshore Riser/Wellhead Platform & Intrafield Pipelines Project
(i) any area where Engineering, Procurement, Fabrication of the FACILITIES are being carried out and (ii) the area offshore required for installation of the FACILITIES in the State of Qatar
SUBCONTRACT
Contract signed by SUBCONTRACTOR and CONTRACTOR for the performance of a certain portion of the WORK within the Project.
SUBCONTRACTOR
Any organization selected and awarded by CONTRACTOR to supply a certain Project materials or equipment or whom a part of the WORK has been Subcontracted.
WORK
Refer to article 2 of CONTRACT AGREEMENT.
WORK PACKAGE
The lowest manageable and convenient level in each WBS subdivision.
VENDOR (SUPPLIER)
A party who is responsible to manufacture and supply equipment and/or services.
SUB-VENDOR (SUB-SUPPLIER)
A party who is responsible to manufacture and supply equipment and/or services under responsibility of main VENDOR.
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
2.2 Abbreviations
Code
ANSI
ALI
ASSE
ASTM
BDV
BS
BSI
CSE
EBV
EER
ESD
Definition
American National Standard Institute
American Ladder Institute
American Society of Safety Engineers
American Society of Testing and Materials
Blowdown Valve
British Standard
British Standard Institution
Confined space entry
Emergency Block Valves
Evacuation, Escape and Rescue
Emergency Shutdown
ESDV
Emergency Shutdown Valve
Ft
FPS
GPA
HFE
HFES
HVAC
IOGP
ISA
ISO
LCD
LED
Feet
Frames per Second
General Platform Alarm
Human Factor Engineering
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
Internation Association of Oil & Gas Producers
International Society of Automation
International Organization for Standardization
Liquid Crystal Display
Light-Emitting Diode
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COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
Code
LER
MEG
MH
MOV
NFPS
NFPA
PAGA
P&ID
POB
PPE
PSV
RPE
SDV
SI
VDU
WHP
Definition
Local Equipment Room
Mono Ethelene Glycol
Material Handling
Motor operated valve
North Field Production Sustainability
National Fire Protection Association
Public Address General Alarm
Piping & Instrument Diagram
Personnel on Board
Personal Protective Equipment
Pressure Safety Valve
Respiratory Protective Equipment
Shutdown Valve
International System of Units
Visual Display Unit
Wellhead Platform
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
3 REGULATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
3.1 COMPANY References
S. No
Document Number
Title
PRT-PRS-PRC-014
Offshore Loss Prevention Philosophy
PRJ-PJL-PRC-004
PRJ-PJL-PRC-005
Facilities Engineering and Vendor Document Numbering Procedure
Facilities, System and Unit Number Codes and Descriptions Procedure
PRJ-PJL-PRC-006
Project Information Handover Procedure
PRJ-PJL-PRC-048
Facilities Documentation Metadata Requirements Procedure
PRJ-PJL-PRC-049
PRJ-PJL-PRC-007
Project Acceptance Procedure
Information Handover, Verification
and
Smart Plant Engineering Applications & Drafting (CAD) standard
3.2 Project Documents
S. No
Document Number
Title
200-20-SH-DEC-00013
Technical Safety Basis of Design (offshore) for COMP3 Project
200-20-ME-DEC-00009 Mechanical Design Basis for COMP3 Project
200-20-PI-DEC-00009
Basis of Design for Piping for COMP3 Project
200-42-HV-DEC-00004
HVAC Design Basis – Offshore for COMP3 Project
200-20-PI-DEC-00012
Mechanical Handling Philosophy for COMP3 Project
200-91-EL-SPC-00035
Technical Specification for Lighting Fixtures, Receptacles and Accessories for COMP3 Project
200-91-EL-DEC-00008
Electrical Design Basis for COMP3 Project
200-91-EL-SPC-00033
200-91-EL-SPC-00031
Technical Specification for Electrical Power Cable, control and earthing cables for COMP3 Project
Technical Specification Equipment for COMP3 Project
for Electrical Packaged
200-52-TC-DEC-00005
Telecommunication Basis of Design for COMP3 Project
200-20-SH-DEC-00014
Environmental Basis of Design for COMP3 Project
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COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
S. No
Document Number
Title
200-20-SH-DEC-00012
Noise Design Philosophy for COMP3 Project
200-20-CE-SPC-00029
Specification for Thermal Insulation for COMP3 Project
200-20-CE-SPC-00027
200-51-IN-DEC-00011
200-51-IN-SPC-00061
200-50-IN-SPC-00004
Specification for Fixed Facilities Protective Coating for COMP3 project
Instrument and Control System Design Basis for COMP3 Project
Instrumentation Requirements for Packaged Equipment for COMP3 Project
Specification for Panels and Control Consoles for COMP3 Project
200-52-TC-SPC-00073
Specification for Telecom Cables for COMP3 Project
200-52-TC-DEC-00006
200-52-TC-SPC-00064
Telecommunication Systems Philosophy for COMP3 Project
Specification for Public Address & General Alarm System (PAGA) for COMP3 Project
200-20-SH-DTS-00004
Specification for Safety Signs for COMP3 Project
200-20-SH-SPC-00022
Datasheet for Safety Signs for COMP3 Project
200-91-EL-DEC-00009
Lighting design philosophy
200-22-ST-DEC-00004
Topside Structural Design Basis (Greenfield) for COMP3 Project
3.3 Standards
S. No
Document Number
Title
ANSI/HFES 100
Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations
ALI A14.3
ASSE A1264.1
ASTM F 1166-23
ASTM F 1337–10
American National Standard (ASC) for Ladders - Fixed - Safety Requirements
Safety Requirements for Workplace Walking/Working Surfaces and Their Access; Workplace, Floor, Wall and Roof Openings; Stairs and Guardrails Systems
Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities
Standard Practice for Human Engineering System Integration Program Requirements for Ships and Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities
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HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
S. No
Document Number
Title
BSI BS EN ISO 5349-1
BSI BS EN ISO 11064-1
BSI BS ISO 14617-6
Mechanical Vibration - Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand-Transmitted Vibration - Part 1: General Requirements
Ergonomic Design of Control Centers - Part 1: Principles for the Design of Control Centers
Graphical symbols for diagrams. Measurement and control functions
ISA 5.5
Graphic Symbols for Process Displays
ISO 9241-11
Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs) - Part 11: Guidance on Usability
IOGP–454
Human Factors Engineering in Project
Energy Institute
Guidance on human factors safety critical task analysis
ASM Guideline
Effective Console Operator HMI Design Practices
ISO 2631
BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001
Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration
Mechanical vibration. Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. General requirements
NFPA 72
National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code
BS ISO 3864-1
BS-5499-10
BS EN ISO 7010
Graphical Symbols - Safety Colours and Safety Signs Part 1: Design Principles for Safety Signs and Safety Markings
Guidance for the selection and use of safety signs and fire safety notices
Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Registered safety signs
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HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
3.4 Order of Precedence
The COMP3 FACILITIES shall be designed, and operated in accordance with the applicable laws, regulations of the State of Qatar, internationally recognized codes and standards listed above in the order of precedence describe as below:
• Qatari Governmental and Regulatory Requirements,
• COMPANY Procedures, Policies and Standards,
• Project Specifications,
•
Industry Codes and Standards, and
• COMPANY and CONTRACTOR’s Lessons Learned.
When a conflict exists among codes, standards, and project specifications, the most stringent provision shall govern unless otherwise formally clarified and agreed with COMPANY. Conflict among applicable specifications and / or codes shall be brought to the attention of the COMPANY for resolution. The COMPANY decision shall be final and shall be implemented.
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
4 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT
The purpose of this document is to outline the engineering provisions and philosophy pertaining to Human Factor Engineering for the facilities installed as part of the North Field Production Sustainability (NFPS) Compression Project COMP3. The requirements indicated in this specification are applicable also for the associated VENDOR packages.
The principal aim of applying HFE throughout the development phase is to improve health and safety outcomes, by lessening the potential for human errors.
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
5 SCOPE
This document is applicable to all the process, utilities and support facilities located in North Field Production Sustainability (NFPS) Compression Project COMP3.
The PROJECT scope comprises:
- Greenfield facilities i.e. new Wellhead Platform, new riser platforms bridge connected
to existing WHPs and new intra-field pipelines, and
- Brownfield modification.
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NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
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HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
6 ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND MOVING AROUND FACILITY
This Section discusses Human Factors considerations in designing facilities and equipment for ease of access and movement.
6.1 Escape Routes
-
Primary escape route clear passage width (exclusive of handrails, wall-mounted equipment, etc.) shall be at least 44 in. (1,120 mm). This dimension shall be maintained for any stairways in the escape route. The height shall be at least 90 in. (2,286 mm).
-
Secondary escape route clear passage width (exclusive of handrails, wall-mounted equipment, etc.) shall be at least 30 in. (760 mm). This dimension shall be maintained for any stairways in the escape route. The height shall be at least 90 in. (2,286 mm).
-
Escape routes shall be as direct as possible, avoiding frequent changes of direction and the need to repeatedly ascend and descend deck levels. Where changes in deck level are required, stairs or ramps shall be used rather than ladders for primary escape requirement.], Vertical ladders shall not be used as the primary mode of emergency egress but may be used for secondary access and emergency egress, maintenance access to platforms or other accesses that are used infrequently [Ref.35]
-
Cabinet and panel doors that will be opened infrequently and/or only during maintenance shall not be considered as an obstruction to escape on escape routes; moreover, panel and/or cabinet doors shall not fully block any escape route.
6.2 Exits
-
A minimum of two exits shall be provided in enclosed, staffed areas where fuel, chemicals, clean agent or other flammable materials are used or stored. These exits shall be doors hinged to swing to the outside as long as opening the door will not cause injury to persons on the outside. Emergency exit doors shall be swung to the outside for a smooth emergency evacuation, and shall be provided with panic bars.
-
In indoor application such as enclosed structures and LER building, a second means of escape shall be provided when the building or enclosed structure area exceeds 200 ft2 (18.6 m2). The maximum travel distance between two means of escape shall not exceed 50 ft (15.2 m). The routes shall be arranged so that they do not become compromised by the same fire or other emergency.
-
Outdoor / external deck areas and service platform over 20 ft (6.1 m) in length shall be
provided with at least two exits leading to escape routes.
- For Valve access platform, secondary means of escape to be provided if the platform
area exceeds 18.6m2 or if the dead end extends over 6m.
6.3 Doors
-
Door openings in means of egress shall have a minimum width of 32 in. (810 mm).
-
Door opening shall not be within Primary escape route. Any doors openings to
secondary escape route shall be avoided as far as possible.
- Personnel standing space shall be provided in front of door opening area, with at least
750 mm from the edge of the door opening area.
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6.4 Doors and Hatches on Escape Routes
In addition to the requirements listed under Section 6.3, doors installed on egress routes shall also meet the following requirements:
- Doors installed on egress routes shall open in the direction of personnel movement in
an emergency. Sliding doors and hatches shall not be used for primary exits.
- Emergency doors and hatches shall pose no safety hazard to personnel, either of
themselves or by their operation, and shall be as follows:
a) Easy to operate. b) Directly accessible. c) Unobstructed. d) Easy to locate and operate in the dark. e) Quick opening (3 seconds or less). f) Opened using a force of between 10 lbf and 30 lbf (44 N and 133 N). g) Be clearly marked on both sides of the door, hatch, or panel.
-
The “Open” action for doors and hatch handles shall be indicated.
-
Airlock doors shall be provided with a local alarm if pressurization is lost for 1 minute. Loss of room pressurization detected on HVAC control system shall be provided to the Platform DCS for alarm as per HVAC Design Basis – Offshore for COMP3 Project [Ref.11].
-
Wherever possible, vertical hatches shall be able to be opened with one hand. Where this is not practicable, the weight of the hatch cover shall be minimized. Maximum weights for vertical escape hatch covers shall be as follows:
a) One-hand opening: Less than 14.3 lb (6.5 kg) b) Stooping: Less than 14.3 lb (6.5 kg) c) Standing, squatting, or kneeling: Less than 35.2 lb (16 kg)
6.5 Walkways and Working Platforms
- Platforms should be provided as indicated in Table 6.5.1 unless the equipment or facilities described are accessible from grade. Access to these elevated platforms shall be by permanently installed stairs (preferred), ladders shall be considered unless space precludes or where access is required infrequently.
Portable platforms (including scaffolding) can be used as an option as a means of access to a working area in the case where the provision of elevated permanent platform is not, reasonably practicable, or safe. Permanent platform is the preferred option in the case of a frequently required access, i.e. once per month.
Table 6.5.1: Equipment Platform Requirement
EQUIPMENT
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Service and Openings
Inspection
All of which are located with the bottom of the opening more than 10 ft (3 m) above grade.
Blanking/Isolation Points Nozzles on filters, (including
Vessel
All of which are located with the bottom of the opening more than 10 ft (3 m) above grade.
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EQUIPMENT
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
horizontal towers, and tanks)
vessels,
Instrumentation and including Controls, Associated Manifolds and Takeoff Connections
Control Valves, Pressure Relief Devices, Motor Actuated Valves (electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic operated), and Lubricated Valves
Emergency Block Valves (EBVs) / Shutdown Valves (SDV)
-
All of which require Operator attention or that are otherwise observed, adjusted, or serviced during plant operation 11 times per year or more.
-
Access to instrument takeoff valves with diameters less than 2 in. (50 mm) by permanent ladder with cage is acceptable or by portable ladders or scaffolding.
-
For those not located at grade elevation.
-
The requirement of the access platform shall take into consideration frequency of operation and maintenance, and if these are actuated valves portable means of access can be considered.
-
For those not located at grade elevation.
-
Permanent stair shall be provided, as required, for direct access from grade. For Secondary means of escape, Ladders can be considered when required based on section 11.4.1.6 of ASTM F 1166 [Ref.35].
Service Platforms
- Fixed ladders shall be provided for access.
Other Operating Valves and Sample Outlet Valves
Valves should be placed based on valve criticality (Figure 6.8.2.1 and Figure 6.8.2.2) so that they can be safely operated from permanent platforms or grade.
Machinery
-
For all machinery mounted on elevated foundations or not otherwise accessible for operation and maintenance from grade or floor level.
-
To access a component of the machine that may not be accessible from grade (e.g., lube oil skid or seal pots).
-
To access enclosures or dampers on stacks.
Separators, Basins or Tanks
For the operation of sluice gates, plugs, or similar control components.
Filter Housings
Provide access for filter replacement. Filters that require permanent access include:
-
Filters that need to be replaced or cleaned regularly,
-
Filters that are large in size, and subsequently heavy when removed for cleaning, specifically those that filter liquids, and
-
Filters that contain elements that have to be removed in
order for cleaning or replacement to take place.
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EQUIPMENT
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Note: In contrast, filters that do not need to be replaced or cleaned regularly (i.e. once annually), are smaller in size and are not considered heavy when removed for cleaning (specifically Coalescing air filters for HVAC), shall not require permanent access.
- Platform size shall be governed by the following:
a) Minimum unobstructed platform width shall be 30 in. (760 mm), except for the
services listed in Table 6.5.2.
b) Clear length and width of platforms dedicated to special operation and maintenance instrument maintenance, blanking of tower nozzle connections, removal and testing of pressure relief devices, and servicing corrosion probes or retractable water sprays.)
tasks shall be specified. (Such
include
tasks
c) The space on platforms used for permanent or temporary storage of containers of catalyst, chemicals, and similar materials shall be specified and reserved in the layout.
d) Platforms around compressors, pumps, and other large machinery shall provide space for placement of rotors, impellers, similar components based on the VENDOR recommendations for maintenance. This shall be specified and reserved in the layout accordingly.
e) When welding terminal boxes are located on platforms in process unit structures, space shall be available on the platform (served by the welding box) sufficient to accommodate one welding machine.
f) Guardrails shall have removable sections where specified for equipment maintenance. The sections of removable rails shall weigh less than 51 lb (23 kg) and be removable without the assistance of cranes.
Table 6.5.2: Minimum Clear Platform Widths
MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH
SERVICE/LOCATION
In front of equipment for servicing trays
At each end of the shell and tube units for servicing bonnet, channel, and tube bundle
Connecting walkways between platforms or around elevated machinery
Around safety valves for maintenance
in.
36
36
30
42
mm
900
900
760
1,050
- Platforms servicing equipment manways shall be not more than 42 in. (1,050 mm)
below the manhole centreline.
- The minimum headroom over platforms and walkways that are not part of escape paths shall be 81 in. (2,050 mm). Headroom shall be measured to the lowest point of
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overhead structural framing (including fireproofing), piping (including insulation), or other obstructions.
-
Areas designated for either equipment laydown or storage shall be clearly marked so that it can be seen both on the platform and on approach routes, indicating their maximum loading capacity.
-
The final number and arrangement of platforms, including access and exit locations,
shall be reviewed by COMPANY’s Engineer.
- Platforms attached to vessels or similar equipment shall be designed to accommodate
thermal expansion.
- There shall be no gap greater than 1/2 in. (13 mm) between working/walking surfaces. This includes transitions between stair tower and deck/platform and distance between toe plate and edge of grating. The gap between two adjacent sections of handrail shall not exceed 6in. (152mm) [Ref.35].
6.6 Stairs, Ladders and Ramps
6.6.1 General
-
Stairs, ramps, or ladders shall be provided for access to equipment in the facility to avoid having to climb on the actual equipment and pipework. Factors to consider are whether tools / equipment to be carried, the type, direction, and frequency of traffic, clearance required and applied loading.
-
Stairs and ladders to a platform shall not terminate in front of a vessel manway.
-
Ladders or stairways that provide egress from platforms or structures over a fire hazardous area, with containment shall be designed with the ladders/stairways exiting to a location outside the containment.
6.6.2 Stairs
-
Stair dimensions shall be in accordance with Figure 6.6.2.1. Stairways shall have a maximum vertical continuous flight of 12 ft (3.7 m) between landings and shall be constructed of steel. Landings shall be provided at every floor and shall have a level transition from the first and last treads to the working/walking surfaces.
-
Treads shall be open unless screens or kick plates are required to protect personnel
or equipment under the stairs.
-
Tubular pipe section shall be used for handrails. Handrails shall be galvanized and painted in accordance with Specification for Fixed Facilities Protective Coating for COMP3 Project [Ref.21].
-
Stairs, not ladders as main entry, shall be provided for the following:
a) Where equipment must be accessed or personnel evacuated during emergencies (e.g., battery limit valves, Shutdown Valves [SDVs], Emergency Shutdown Valves [ESDVs], and Blowdown Valves [BDVs]).
b) Where equipment is frequently accessed (i.e., at least once per shift on
average).
c) In areas where personnel are required to wear breathing apparatus. d) Where personnel are required to carry tools, pieces of equipment, or sampling equipment. If load will exceed 29 lb (13 kg) or is bulky, then a means other than
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manual handling / carrying the load shall be catered for in the design.
e) For main operating levels. f) For main service levels.
Figure 6.6.2.1: Required Stair Dimensions
Table 6.6.2.1: Required Stair Dimensions
FEATURE
REQUIRED DIMENSIONS
A
B
C
Tread Depth (Including Nosing)
Riser Height
Depth of Nosing (Where Applicable)
Width (Handrail to Handrail)
D
Single person travel stairs
Simultaneous two-way travel stairs
Overhead Clearance
E
F
in.
11–12
7–8
1
36
48
90
mm
280–300
180–205
25
915
1,220
2,286
Height of Handrail (from leading edge of tread)
34–38
865–965
Minimum Width of Handrail (Flat)
G
Maximum Width of Handrail (Flat)
Handrail Diameter (Round)
H
Minimum Rail Clearance from WallNOTE-1
Angle of Stairs
I
Recommended
Acceptable Range
11/2 21/2 11/2–2 21/4
38
64
38–50
57
38 degrees
30–50 degrees
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FEATURE
REQUIRED DIMENSIONS
in.
mm
NOTES:
- Minimum Rail Clearance from the wall shall be considered as 75mm to
accommodate a gloved hand.
6.6.3 Stair Ladders
Stair ladders shall not be used. Stair ladders are defined as having as an angle of 50-75 degrees.
6.6.4 Fixed Ladders
- Ladders, railings, toe plates, safety cages, and similar items shall be constructed of steel as per ASSE A1264.1 [Ref.34] and ALI A14.3 [Ref.33], except as modified below. Ladders are defined as having a pitch from 75 and 90 degrees. The following requirements shall be met:
a) Ladders shall be provided with side-step access to platforms as first choice, in case of design challenges front entry to be the option for access to platforms / Equipment Packages. This is applicable for access ladder on the platform. The ladder embedded inside a vessel or equipment for maintenance purpose can be referred to Figure 6.6.4.6 [Ref.35].
b) Generally, ladders shall be maximum 30 ft (9.1 m) unbroken length, landing-to- landing. For accessing flare platform, ladders shall be maximum 6.0 m to mitigate personnel fatigue. Fall arrest systems with lifeline are required for ladders greater than 24 ft (7.3 m) from lower level.
c) Any inclined ladder shall have constant pitch from landing to landing. The
required pitch on fixed ladders shall be 90 degrees.
d) Safety cages shall be provided for ladders having a length of climb greater than 20 ft (6.1 m) or where the top platform is greater than 20 ft (6.1 m) above grade. e) Where safety cages are required for ladders on elevated platforms and the ladder centerline is within 3 ft (0.9 m) from the platform side top rail or 4 ft (1.2 m) from the top rail on the climbing side of the ladder, the vertical cage bars shall be extended and attached to the guardrail top rail.
f) Ladder safety devices shall not be used in lieu of cage protection. g) A single hoop (similar to the top hoop of a cage) shall be provided for ladders having a length of climb between 3 ft, 6 in. (1.1 m) and 20 ft (6.1 m) or where the upper platform is between 3 ft, 6 in. (1.1 m) and 20 ft (6.1 m) above grade for elevated ladders. The single hoop shall be located in line with the top rail of the platform guardrail.
h) Safety gates shall be self-closing, double-bar swing gates. The double bars of the safety gate shall generally align with the top and intermediate rails of the handrail. The double bars shall be provided across ladder openings at each platform landing and designed for the same load as the railings. The safety gate hinge may be located either on the same side or opposite the ladder, as required for ease of use i.e. for the side step ladder safety gates, the hinge should be located the furthest away from the ladder and the door knob/handle should be located at the closest way from the body to create an ease use of opening the
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gate during climbing.
i) The minimum distance between ladders arriving and departing from a platform is 760mm (as per access area for working space and secondary escape route requirement)
-
Ladders shall not be used where personnel are required to wear breathing apparatus.
-
Figure 6.6.4.1 to Figure 6.6.4.5 provide ladder and platform details. Tubular pipe section shall be used for handrails. Pipe dimensions shall conform to Figure 6.6.2.1 & Table 6.6.2.1 and its feature “G”. All handrails, kick plates and fittings shall be hot dipped galvanized after fabrication and then painted. Gas holes shall be drilled on the underside of pipe sections prior to hot dip galvanizing and sealed afterwards with plastic plugs.
-
Maximum reach to the side from a fixed ladder shall not exceed 48 in. (1,220 mm) as measured from the extended fingertips to the far side (or opposite side stringer) of the ladder.
-
Safety gates shall be provided across ladder openings at each platform landing and shall be designed for the same load as the railings. Self-closing safety gate shall be installed in such that the three point contact (hands and foot) is maintained while opening the safety gate.
-
Safety gates shall be a minimum of 24 in. (610 mm) wide. A width of 30 in. (760 mm)
is preferred.
-
A self-closing safety gate shall be installed at the top of each ladder.
-
Safety gates shall open/close in the horizontal direction, be self-closing double bar type
and cover the full width of the opening between the ladder stringers.
-
The top bar of the safety gate shall be at the same height as the top rail of the guardrail.
-
Safety gates shall be able to resist the weight of a 91 kg (200 lb) person in both the
vertical and horizontal direction.
-
The safety gate shall open away from the person climbing up the ladder.
-
A single metal bar that opens vertically or chains, wire rope, or other non-rigid barriers,
shall not be used.
- Safety gates and associated toe plates shall be visually distinct from their
surroundings. The minimum toe plate height shall be 76mm.
- Safety gates should be yellow in color and incorporate any required signage and
markings as dictated by local operating requirements.
Table 6.6.4.1: Typical Ladder Detail
DIMENSION
Climbing clearance width
Climbing depth in back of ladder
FIGURE
Figure 6.6.4.3
Figure 6.6.4.3
Clearance depth on climbing side
Figure 6.6.4.3
Height of stringer above landing
REQUIRED SPACING
in.
30
7
30
48
mm
760
175
760
1,220
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DIMENSION
FIGURE
REQUIRED SPACING
in.
mm
Figure 6.6.4.1
Flare at bottom of cage
32
815
Figure 6.6.4.1
Depth of cage from center of ladder
28
710
Figure 6.6.4.1
Max distance between cage ribs
18
460
Width of cage
Maximum distance from ladder string to platform edge (sidestep ladder)
NOTES:
Figure 6.6.4.1
Figure 6.6.4.1
27
685
6
150
- Minimum distance from ladder string to platform edge (sidestep ladder) shall be
considered not less than 75mm.
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Figure 6.6.4.1: Typical Ladder Detail (Side-Step Access)
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Figure 6.6.4.2: Ladder Cage Bar Extensions at Elevated Platform
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Figure 6.6.4.3: Minimum Clearance to Obstructions
Figure 6.6.4.4: Typical Guardrail Detail
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Figure 6.6.4.5: Safety Gate Details
Figure 6.6.4.6: Ladder inside Equipment Detail
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Table 6.6.4.2: Ladder inside Equipment Detail
Dimension
Recommended (mm)
Rung Thickness A Rung Spacing B C Height, rung to landing D Width between stringer
E
F G H J
Climbing clearance width Clearance depth In back of ladder On climbing side (range) Height of stringer above landing Height from lower elevation to bottom rung
32-38 230-380 150-380 300-530
610-760
150-200 760 910-1067 380
6.6.5 Ramps
- Ramp dimensions shall be in accordance with Figure 6.6.5.1. Handrails should be considered on case-by-case basis depending on the level height (typically for difference in elevation more than 610 mm to the adjacent surface).
Figure 6.6.5.1: Ramp Dimensions
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Table 6.6.5.1: Ramp Dimensions
FEATURE
Material Handling Angle of Rise
Personnel Traffic Angle of Rise
Distance between Cleats
Height of Handrail
Width
Minimum on Exit Routes
Minimum for Equipment Access
Minimum for Material Handling (determined by function and usage, particularly size of rolling stock and loads)
Minimum Width of Handrail (flat)
Maximum Width of Handrail (flat)
Handrail Diameter (round)
Clearance around Handrail
A
B
C
D
E
F
DIMENSIONS
in.
mm
0–7 degrees
0–15 degrees
14
42
44
30
48
11/2
21/2
11/2–2
4
355
1,065
1,120
760
1,220
38
64
38–50
100
-
Ramps with slopes greater than 10 degrees shall be provided with cleats.
-
Ramps shall be prevented from extending further than 30 ft (9.1 m) by inserting a flat platform level. Flat platforms shall be provided at the bottom of the ramp and at any point at which the ramp system changes direction. See Figure 6.6.5.2.
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Figure 6.6.5.2: Ramp Design
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6.7 Workspace and Access
6.7.1 Workspace
- Adequate workspace (0.6m2 per person) shall be provided use and placement of tools and for placing spare parts and components of equipment in the work area during their repair/replacement. To establish workspace requirements, the following shall be considered:
a) Number of personnel required to do the work. b) Equipment requirements (including maintenance instructions, check sheets, log
books, and other documentation that may be referred to).
c) Body positions that the personnel may need to adopt.
-
Platforms servicing large, automated valves shall be sufficiently wide to allow moving the valves to and from the location. An allowance of 4 in. (102 mm) is required on either side of equipment or trolley.
-
At least 9.85 in. (250 mm) of clear space shall be provided around all removable spools used for access and maintenance. Clear space can be less than 250mm where flange diameter is < 100 mm.
-
The type, size, and shape of access apertures chosen shall include consideration of the type of clothing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that will be worn by personnel. Dimensions for typical work positions are presented in Figure 6.7.1.1 and Table 6.7.1.1.
-
The design of manways and other access/egress openings shall incorporate the
following in their design and positioning:
a) Allow for the protective equipment (i.e., PPE, RPE, weather resistant clothing) that the operator will be required to wear under normal and emergency operating conditions,
b) The carriage of tools, equipment and materials, c) Anthropometrics of the personnel population, d) Emergency rescue requirements, e) Whether entry will be horizontal or vertical, f) Frequency of access, and g) Task requirement – sufficient clearance for installing or removing vessel
internals.
- For offshore facilities, permanent access platform shall be provided should manway
centre line height reaching 3 m and above.
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Figure 6.7.1.1: Workspace Minimum Dimensions
E
Table 6.7.1.1: Workspace Minimum Dimensions
WORKSPACE AREA
Standing and Moving Workspace
A.
B.
Height
Width
Vertical Entry Hatch
C.
Square
Horizontal Entry Hatch
(4)
D1.
D2.
Shoulder Width
Height
Squatting/Kneeling Workspace
(1) (2)
E.
Height
TROPICAL / TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT
(2) (3)
in.
81
28
24
24
24
48
mm
2,050
710
610
610
610
1,220
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WORKSPACE AREA
TROPICAL / TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT
(2) (3)
F.
G.
Depth
Depth
Crawling Space
(1) (2)
H.
I.
Notes:
Height
Length
in.
36
40
36
70
mm
910
1,020
910
1760
(1) Use dimension B shoulder width for workspace width. (2) These dimensions do not allow for any breathing apparatus to be worn. To allow for breathing equipment such as an air pack, add an allowance of 11 in. (280 mm) to the depth measurements (F) and (G) and the height measurement (H). Ladder cages cannot be increased in diameter and normal access shall be by stairs when using SCBA.
(3) Tropical/Temperate Environment assumes normal process work clothing. (4) Preferred clear access dimension is 760mm.
- Vertical access dimensions for reaching and gripping an item from underneath are as
follows (this does not include applying a force; e.g., closing a valve):
a) Maximum overhead grip reach (standing) = 72 in. (1,829 mm) b) Maximum overhead grip reach (kneeling) = 51 in. (1,295 mm) c) Maximum overhead grip reach (lying in face-up position) = 22.5 in. (572 mm)
- Adequate spacing around components (e.g., bolts, electrical connectors, etc.) shall be provided to take into account the need for personnel to wear gloves or use tools. The following dimensions are recommended:
a) Pushbutton access:
i) Bare Hand: 1.25 in. (32 mm) diameter ii) Gloved Hand: 1.5 in. (38 mm) diameter
b) Two-finger twist access:
i) Bare Hand: Object diameter plus 2 in. (50 mm) ii) Gloved Hand: Object diameter plus 2.5 in. (65 mm) iii) Mittened Hand: Object diameter plus 3 in. (76 mm)
- Recommended minimum dimensions for arm and hand access are provided in Table
6.7.1.2 and Table 6.7.1.3.
- Recommended designs of aperture covers are provided Table 6.7.1.4.
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Table 6.7.1.2: Minimum Aperture Dimensions for Arm Access
TYPE OF ACCESS
CLOTHING
ACCESS DIMENSIONS
Reaching Full Arm’s Length (to shoulders) with Both Arms
Light clothing
Width: 19.5 in. (495 mm)
Height: 5 in. (127 mm)
Arm to Elbow
Light clothing
4.3 in. x 4.7 in. (109 mm x 119 mm) or 5.5 in. (140 mm) diameter
Arm to Shoulder
Light clothing
6.0 in. (152 mm) square or diameter
Table 6.7.1.3: Access Opening Dimensions
TYPE OF ACTION
ACCESS DIMENSIONS
Using a common screwdriver with freedom to turn the hand through 180 degrees
Using pliers and similar tools that require gripping
Using a T-handle wrench with freedom to turn the tool and hand 180 degrees
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TYPE OF ACTION
ACCESS DIMENSIONS
Using an open-end or box-end wrench with freedom to turn the wrench through at least 60 degrees
Grasping and manipulating small objects (up to 21/4 in. [57 mm] wide) with one hand
Grasping large objects with one hand
Grasping large objects with two hands, with the hands extended through the opening up to the length of the fingers
Grasping large objects with two hands, with the arms extended through the opening as far as the wrists
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Table 6.7.1.4: Access Aperture Covers
COVER DESIGN
COMMENTS
Best: No cover Use whenever possible.
Permanent glass or plastic cover Use where only visual inspection is required.
Hinged or sliding cover Use where physical access is required and where dirt and moisture could be a problem.
Captive quick-opening fasteners Use when space prevents use of hinged cover.
Screwed-down cover Use only when stress or pressurization requires; use minimal number of screws.
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6.7.2 Deck Surfaces: Slip and Trip Hazards
-
Deck surfaces shall have a nonslip finish or surface coating that will maintain its nonslip properties in the environmental conditions to which it is exposed (e.g., rain, sea water, high temperatures, etc.).
-
Decks shall have camber and drainage points to remove liquids.
-
Where there are steps, clear indication of the change in elevation (e.g., alternate black and yellow stripes painted on the edge of the steps) shall be provided on at least the first step ascending/descending and last step ascending/descending. The proportion of the brighter color (e.g., yellow) shall be at least 50% of the warning area.
-
In case the transition between material handling plated area and grated surface is not even, then a warning sign / painting for the elevation difference to be provided for clear indication.
6.7.3 Access
- Where possible, equipment shall be positioned within the horizontal reach distance
specified in Table 6.7.3.1, without the need for leaning onto equipment.
Table 6.7.3.1: Horizontal Reach Dimensions
TYPE OF REACH (“A”)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE REACH
Standing lateral reach (preferred arm)
Standing forward reach (two arms)
Standing forward reach (preferred arm)
Maximum depth of reach = 21.8 in. (550 mm)
Maximum depth of reach = 17.5 in. (445 mm)
Maximum depth of reach = 19.5 in. (495 mm)
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TYPE OF REACH (“A”)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE REACH
Seated forward reach (both arms)
Cross legged seated forward reach (both arms)
Maximum depth of reach = 14.0 in. (360 mm)
Maximum depth of reach = 13.5 in. (340 mm)
6.8 Valves
6.8.1 General
-
Manual operation of valve hand wheels, manual gear operators, or levers shall not require application of force exceeding 50 lb (22.7 kg). Operating valves that require a greater force to turn shall be motor-operated.
-
Frequently operated valves (frequency greater or equal to once per week) requiring more than 40 turns from open to close shall be motor-operated. Valves with lower operation frequency shall have an attachment to accommodate a portable valve actuator.
-
Valves shall be selected and installed to ensure the consistent operating convention of increasing flow when the actuator is turned counter-clockwise or is moved to be parallel (in-line) with the valve body.
-
Hand wheels of less than 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter should be provided when intended for one-hand operation. Hand wheels of greater than 6 in. (150 mm) in diameter should be provided when intended for two-hand operation. Hand wheels with diameters between 4 in. (100 mm) and 6 in. (150 mm) should not be used.
-
Minimum clearance shall be 3 in. (76 mm) between adjacent valve hand wheels and equipment or structures and 2 in. (50 mm) between the back of the hand wheel and insulation on the line.
-
Use of valve wrenches shall require approval by COMPANY’s Engineer. Additional clearance shall be provided for wrench-assisted operation of valve hand wheels.
-
Valve handles shall be oriented such that they do not turn to restrict the access or
walk-through pathway in front of the valve.
- It should be possible to visually determine valve position from normal platforms and
walkways.
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- The number of rotations required to go from fully open to closed (or closed to open) shall be limited to the smallest number possible. Note that the human endurance limit typically applied is 100 turns maximum to open or close a valve at a rate between 15 and 60 revolutions per minute (Category 1 and Category 2).
6.8.2 Manual Valve Categories
6.8.2.1 Category 1 Manual Valve
- Category 1 (C1) manual valves are those essential to normal or emergency operations where rapid and unencumbered access and operation or maintenance is essential. Valves meeting any of the following shall be qualified as Category 1 manual valves:
a) Essential valves for operations, b) Equipment isolation valves, c) Essential valves for personnel or process safety and for pollution prevention, d) Valves where there is a high likelihood of maintenance (e.g., control valve and
corrosive/erosive service),
e) Valves where the lack of quick access would result in damage to personnel or property, loss of productivity, or damage to equipment or the environment, and f) Valves where an expected operational and/or maintenance frequency is greater
than once in a 6-month period.
g) Valves with a large pipeline size, access to actuator may be by a portable / mobile platform or alternatives on case-by-case basis depending on the layout / 3D Model Reviews.
- Examples of valves typically included in Category 1 are as follows:
a) Control valves, bypasses, and isolation valves, b) Relief Valves, c) Isolation valves for analyzer, pumps and filters, d) Throttling valves, e) Battery limit valves, f) Valves associated with sampling facilities for gas and liquid, g) Valves associated with periodic and frequent purging e.g. flare header end, and h) PSV and associated vent valves without a PSV spare line. i) Valves parts of the instruments (under the displays)
6.8.2.2 Category 2 Manual Valves
- Category 2 (C2) manual valves are those that are not critical for normal or emergency
operation or maintenance but are used during routine maintenance activities.
- Examples of valves typically included in Category 2 are as follows:
a) Manual Valves for normal start-up/shutdown operation, b) Sewage treatment valves, c) Drain/vent valves, d) Manual valves with an expected operating and/or maintenance frequency of less
than once per 6 months,
e) Valves where quick action is not required,
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f) Valves associated with level gauge (LG) and level transmitter (LT), g) Valves associated with temperature instruments (TQ, TI), h) Valves associated with purge and flushing connection, and i) PSV and associated vent valves with a PSV spare line. j) Valves associated with flow, pressure instruments (for root valves-piping)
6.8.2.3 Category 3 Manual Valves
- Category 3 (C3) manual valves are those used in particular circumstances on an
infrequent or rare basis.
- Examples of valves typically included in Category 3 are as follows:
a) Valves used in initial commissioning, b) Valves used for decommissioning, c) Valves used during turnarounds, d) Utility header isolation valves, e) Buried or pit-located valves, and f) Low point / High point vent and drain valves which are infrequently or rarely
accessed. g) Tie-In Valves
6.8.2.4 Manual Valve Placement
- C1 and C2 valve hand wheels shall be located as shown in Figure 6.8.2.1 and Figure
6.8.2.2 as follows:
Category 1
a) C1 manual valves shall, not be fitted outside the indicated locations. b) For large C1 actuated valves e.g. SDV and MOV, access to panels, actuator limit switches, and handwheels could be by a portable platform. The portable platform shall be equipped with proper steps and lockable wheels.
Category 2 a) C2 manual valves shall be located in either Category 1 or Category 2 valve
locations.
-
C3 manual valve hand wheels should be located as shown in Figure 6.8.2.1 and Figure 6.8.2.2. Category 3 manual valve hand wheels should, as far as is reasonably practicable, be located in acceptable valve locations, but where this is not possible, then portable means for accessing Category 3 valve must be provided that does not involve standing on pipework, equipment or other items not intended to be used as an access platform. The use of auxiliary equipment to gain access, e.g., mobile platforms, or scaffolding, is permissible.
-
An 18 in. (460 mm) radial clear space shall be provided around valve bonnets.
-
It should be possible to visually determine valve position from normal platforms and
walkways.
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Figure 6.8.2.1: Recommended Mounting Heights for Horizontal Valve Hand Wheels
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Figure 6.8.2.2: Recommended Mounting Heights for Vertical Valve Wheels
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7 WORKING ENVIRONMENT
This Section identifies the minimum requirements for a working environment to ensure the comfort of and to enhance the effectiveness of operating and maintenance staff.
7.1 Lighting
Lighting shall be provided in accordance with Lighting Design Philosophy [Ref.30] and Technical Specification for lighting fixtures, Receptacles and accessories for COMP3 Project [Ref.13].
Additionally, following requirements shall be considered:
- Supplement general lighting systems with local special-purpose lighting for difficult
inspection, repair, and document-reading tasks.
- Locate lights for recessed displays, or panels with access doors to ensure that
recessed displays are illuminated.
- Minimize the potential for self-reflection by careful orientation of displays with respect
to the observer.
- Avoid optical distortion from glass cover plates by using flat glass covers rather than
dome glass covers.
- Minimize glare and reflections through the design approaches provided in below Table
7.1.1.
Table 7.1.1: Measures to Control Direct and Indirect Glare
DIRECT GLARE
-
Position light sources and lighting units as far from the person’s line of sight as possible.
-
Use
several
low-intensity
light
sources instead of one bright one. 3. Use light sources with louvers or
prismatic lenses. 4. Use indirect lighting. 5. Use light shields, hoods, and visors at the workplace if other methods are impractical.
INDIRECT GLARE (VEILING REFLECTIONS AND REFLECTED GLARE)
- Use light sources with diffusing or polarizing
lenses.
- Use surfaces that diffuse light such as flat textured
paint, non-gloss paper, and surfaces.
-
Change the orientation of a workplace, task, viewing angle, or viewing direction until maximum visibility is achieved.
-
Eliminate extreme glare hazards such as brightly polished bezels, glossy enamel finishes, and highly reflective covers.
The applicable minimum illumination levels shall be as per Table 7.1.2 and Table 7.1.3. For further details, refer Lighting Design Philosophy [Ref.30].
Table 7.1.2: General lighting illumination levels for offshore installations
AREA OR ACTIVITY
AVERAGE (LUX)
MEASURED AT
General outdoor areas
General indoor areas, corridors, etc.
Stairways
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100
100
150
Grade Level
Floor Level
Floor Level
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AREA OR ACTIVITY
AVERAGE (LUX)
MEASURED AT
Process areas-occasionally manned
Drill floor
Switchboard rooms (LER)
Offices
Emergency / Egress conditions / requirement
200
350
200
500
22
Working Level
Working Level
Working Level
Working Level
Working Level
Table 7.1.3: Escape lighting Illumination levels for safety in offshore platforms
AREA OR ACTIVITY
AVERAGE (LUX)
MEASURED AT
General outdoor escape routes
General indoor escape routes, corridors, etc.
Stairway escape routes
Process areas-occasionally manned
Drill floor
Switchboard rooms (LER)
Offices
Loading stations – muster stations
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
20
10.8
10.8
20
Grade Level
Floor Level
Floor Level
Working Level
Working Level
Working Level
Working Level
Working Level
7.2 Thermal Environment
7.2.1 Temperature
-
Exposure to thermal stress (cold and heat) shall be considered in the design philosophies and the design of the facility. Facility designs shall provide for thermal exposure protection and recovery.
-
Where Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is to be provided, temperature, humidity, and ventilation shall be controlled in in accordance with HVAC Design Basis - Offshore for COMP3 Project [Ref.11].
-
Where equipment is expected to require maintenance in cold weather, the following
design features should be considered:
a) The effects of rain (e.g., drainage) over doors and/or walkways shall be
considered when locating access doors and panels.
b) Workspace access openings shall be provided to accommodate personnel
wearing breathing apparatus.
-
During outdoor work, strong winds pose particular problems for work at heights, manual handling, and maintenance work; therefore, wind trap and downdraft checks shall be performed. Placement of equipment that will need a high level of human interaction shall be avoided in these positions.
-
Personnel protection shall be provided for surfaces that will operate above 60 °C or below (-10 °C) and that are located within 0.3 m horizontally and 2 m vertically above
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a normal walkway or working area based on Specification for Thermal Insulation for COMP3 Project [Ref.20].
7.3 Vibration
7.3.1 Whole Body Vibration
Exposure to whole body vibration shall be controlled, and measures shall be taken to limit personnel exposure to whole body vibration as per ISO 2631 [Ref.45].
7.3.2 Hand-Arm Vibration
Exposure to hand-arm vibration shall be controlled, and measures shall be taken to limit personnel exposure to hand-arm vibration as per BSI BS EN ISO 5349-1 [Ref.37].
7.4 Noise Reduction and Control
Noise levels shall be controlled in accordance with Noise Design Philosophy for COMP3 Project [Ref.19].
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8 EQUIPMENT
- The layout of auxiliary equipment, valves, controls, and displays for parallel units (e.g.,
spared pumps) shall be identical in relation to the equipment controlled.
- Layout of local control stations and local control panels for similar or identical
equipment shall be similar for each piece of equipment.
-
Valve stations with similar purposes shall have similar arrangement and appearance.
-
Wherever possible, equipment shall be specified to have a small number of large
fasteners rather than a large number of small fasteners.
8.1 Material Handling
Material handling shall be done in compliance with Mechanical Handling Philosophy for COMP3 Project [Ref.12] with respect to human factors, the following key points are highlighted:
-
All material and equipment movement within the platform will be achieved by combining the use of pedestal crane and / or permanently or temporarily installed material handling equipment.
-
The design of equipment shall be such that it can be subdivided into smaller subunits
to facilitate removal, repair, or replacement of the subunits.
-
The weights of all subunits and components shall be clearly documented in the information material supplied by Contractor with the equipment. Weight of equipment and lift device capacity shall be verified prior to lifting.
-
As a general guideline, items (e.g. motors, pumps) weighing more than 23kg should be lifted or moved using a hoist or trolley. Items weighing less than 23kg could be manually handled. As far as practically possible, all components weighing more than 23kg, should be fitted with lifting point / method.
-
Sufficient access to the equipment shall be provided so that one person in a neutral position can lift pieces of equipment weighing up to 51 lb (23 kg). For lifts up to 51 lb (23 kg) in a non-neutral position or for lifts greater than 51 lb (23 kg), sufficient access for two people or lifting assist equipment shall be provided. A mechanical lifting method for equipment weighing more than 51 lb (23 kg) shall be provided.
-
Design Capacity for hoists, booms, monorails, davits, and lifting beams shall be
identified and clearly labelled.
-
Lifting zones and laydown areas shall be clearly identified by use of floor markings.
-
Hoists, permanent lifting equipment (such as lifting beams, beam clamps, hoists, etc.), or access by overhead shall be provided to remove automated valves, control valves, pressure safety valves, in-line instruments, and removable spools.
8.2 Large Equipment and Rotating Machinery
The following requirements are applied to large motors, gears, and some pumps:
-
If practical, small pumps (typically reciprocating pumps, gear pumps, MEG injection pumps, etc.) should be positioned on a raised platform with access from all sides to avoid having to maintain the pump while crouching at floor level.
-
Access covers shall be labelled to advise personnel of any hazards beyond them.
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- Associated pressure gauges shall be visible from the work position required to open
up the pump or access the lubrication and test points.
- Adequate space based on the minimum volumes for standing, or squatting/kneeling positions shall be provided around pump, couplings, bearings and stuffing boxes for removal and replacement activities.
8.2.1 Local Displays and Controls
-
Equipment Emergency Shutdown (ESD) buttons shall be placed in a visible location, close to the main work position, and shall be suitably color-coded and guarded from inadvertent operation. Signage in an elevated position above location of ESD/manual call points shall have signage visible along access/escape routes wherever possible.
-
Local instruments associated with the equipment shall be located in accordance with
Section 8.5 of this specification.
8.3 Overside and Suspended Work
- The need for over side or suspended maintenance and access shall be minimized by
one or more of the following:
a) Positioning equipment so that it can be accessed from the normal deck area, b) Providing an access way (for work sites that are frequently accessed or where
the task would be problematic from roped access), and
c) Designing equipment that can be easily hoisted from its position to a deck area.
- Attachment points shall be located so that safety lines can be arranged in such a way
that the maximum potential fall shall be no greater than 80 in. (2,032 mm).
- The location of the attachment points above deck, or the path of the ropes from the
attachment points to over the side, shall not obstruct escape routes.
- Where possible, a platform (either permanent or temporary) shall be provided at the
work site to avoid suspended working.
8.4 Generic HFE Requirement
Table 8.4.1 describes the generic HFE requirement for each type of equipment based on HFE Screening outcomes. These requirements should be incorporated in equipment design where applicable and verified accordingly.
Table 8.4.1: Generic HFE requirements for equipment
NO. EQUIPMENT
HFE REQUIREMENT
1
Pump
i) Ensure the space for pump removal is not blocked by
auxiliary equipment.
ii) Provide sufficient headroom and surrounding space for lifting and material handling (MH), equipment
pump maneuvering e.g. vertical can.
iii) Ensure the vibration test point is accessible from deck or
access platform.
iv) Provide access for purging and cleaning of the pump
assembly.
v) Consider bearing replacement in design.
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NO. EQUIPMENT
HFE REQUIREMENT
3
Filter / Coalescer (except for HVAC)
vi) Accessibility to lube oil filter replacement. vii) Accessibility to mechanical seal and coupling repair /
replacement.
i) Provide sufficient clearance for the top flange opening and
personnel access around the vessel.
ii) Consider to provide access platform for the top flange (1100
mm height).
iii) Provide handling facilities for filter element weight of more
than 23 kg.
i) Tank cleaning and inspection of internals. ii)
Identify the location of manway and accessibility into the tank. Sufficient space or access platform shall be provided if confined space entry (CSE) is anticipated i.e. involved breathing apparatus.
iii) Provide sufficient holding point and ladder rungs inside the
4
Tank / Vessel
vessel for manway entry.
iv) Accessibility of sight glass and level gauges. v) Accessibility of vent valve at the top of vessel. vi) Accessibility of isolation points of instruments (as outlined in
Section 6.8).
vii) Accessibility and maintenance of vessel internals should be
by scaffolding, where applicable.
5
Caisson
Ensure the correct nozzle size for remote camera insertion and accessibility to the nozzle.
6
Tote tank
8
Heater
i) Accessibility to tie-ins connection for frequent tote tank
change-out.
ii) Chemical handling and cross-contamination between
different tote tanks / chemicals.
iii) Potential swing load during tote tank lifting. iv) Provide sufficient space all around the tote tanks. v) Provide vertical ladder on the tote tank lifting frame for
accessing top opening cover and instruments.
i) Provide appropriate cradle support for heater bundle removal (consider width adjustable for different size of heater elements).
ii) Provide sufficient clearance for heater bundle removal
considering heater bundle length, cradle length etc.
iii) Ensure full access to the main terminal box. iv) Accessibility of bleed point valves (within coaming area).
11
Pedestal Crane
i) Evaluate the requirement of secondary escape from the
crane cabin and crane boom.
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NO. EQUIPMENT
HFE REQUIREMENT
ii) Accessibility of sheaves for inspection and replacement. iii) Establish no go zone area (to mitigate dropped object risk). Identify laydown area for the crane davit for motor iv) maintenance.
v) Pneumatic pump (portable type) for pumping up the
hydraulic oil.
vi) Provide sufficient space and appropriate method for winches
and wire ropes replacement.
vii) Allocate dedicated area for daily/routine hook inspection
prior to crane operation.
i) Provide appropriate and temporary Manual Handling (MH) system for flare tips replacement. The MH system shall minimize the manual handling tasks. Intermediate landing for ladder climbing for flare tower should be maximum 6.0 m intervals to mitigate personnel fatigue.
ii)
iii) Requirement of fall arrest for the ladder (90.0 m) e.g. cable
or track type, safety body harness. viii) Accessibility of thermocouple inspection.
12
Flare tip
8.5 Local Instruments
8.5.1 Moving To and Workspace Around the Local Instruments Locations
- Access to and workspace around the local instrument locations shall be provided in
accordance with Section 6 of this specification.
-
Clearance shall be provided both above and below control valves and shall be sufficient to include access by mobile equipment in order to facilitate maintenance tasks.
-
Adequate clearance and access to enable rodding of instrument taps shall be provided.
-
Instruments shall be located so that they are visible from the normal work position without needing to stand on other items of equipment, components, pipework, cable trays, handrails, etc.
8.5.2 Displays and Controls
-
Important displays and controls (i.e., those requiring precise, frequent, or emergency use) shall be located in a primary viewing area per Figure 10.1.1.5 of this specification and at a height of between 40 in. (1,015 mm) and 70 in. (1,780 mm) above the standing surface.
-
Instruments located in vibration areas shall have a high luminance for displays to thus
increase contrast and shall have an increased thickness of displayed numbers.
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8.6 Pipework and Valves
8.6.1 Controls and Displays
-
Manually operated valves and associated local displays shall be placed so that Operator can view the affected equipment and monitor the result of control actions.
-
For manual operation of valves, there shall be adequate feedback to Operator confirming that the valve has been activated and indicating the current valve status (fully closed, fully open, or partially open).
8.6.2 Spacing
-
Distance requirements specifically for pipe (with / without insultation) to pipe (with / without insulation) and nearby structural supports should be maintained as per Basis of Design for Piping for COMP3 Project [Ref.10].
-
The distance between piping shall allow for the turning of any spectacle blind, bolting,
unbolting and torquing activities, if present.
8.7 Test and Valves
-
Sample point valves are considered Category 1 manual valves.
-
Test points and sample points shall be readily accessible. Test points should be positioned on or behind equipment access points that may be easily reached or readily operated when the equipment is fully assembled and installed.
-
Sample points shall be identified with a permanent, corrosion-resistant tag that is securely fastened (adhesive fastening is not acceptable). Each tag shall include the following information:
a) Unit name, b) Unit sample identification, c) Sample identification for accounting purposes, d) Physical state (liquid, vapor, or solid), e) Temperature, f) Pressure, and g) Warning signs, if toxic substances are present.
-
Test and sample points shall be located away from dangerous electrical, mechanical, thermal, or other hazards. In addition to providing guards and shields 4.5 in. [115 mm] (a hand’s width) separation shall be provided from the nearest hazards.
-
Test and sample points shall be grouped logically in a line or matrix reflecting the sequence of tests to be made. Locating a single test or service point in an isolated position shall be avoided, as such points are the most likely to be overlooked or neglected.
-
Test and sample points and their associated labels shall be located so that they face
the user.
- Test points used for adjusting a unit shall be located close to the related controls and
displays.
- If it is necessary to lubricate equipment, then greasing or filling points shall be grouped
together.
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8.8 Communication Systems
8.8.1 System Requirements
- A sufficient number of communication channels to avoid excessive waiting for a free
channel shall be provided.
-
Dedicated lines shall be provided for frequent, lengthy, or emergency communications.
-
Portable communication systems shall be provided as needed to supplement installed
systems.
- Where possible, Operators’ microphones, headphones, and telephone headsets shall
permit hands-free operation under normal working conditions.
-
Communication systems (e.g., telephones, radio units, etc.) shall be located so that the time and effort required for access by personnel is not excessive and so that stations are in areas of relative quiet.
-
Where communication requirements necessitate the use of several telephones and radio units, their locations should be determined by operational priority. Where Operators use several telephone and radio units, color coding of handsets to facilitate easy identification shall be considered.
-
Headphones and telephone headsets shall be designed for maximum Operator comfort. No metal parts of the headset shall come in contact with the user’s skin.
-
Communications systems shall be designed to allow use by personnel wearing
protective clothing.
- Redundant communication systems and dual independent UPS power supplies shall be provided to maintain communication during emergencies (with battery backup).
8.8.2 Speech Transmission and Reception Equipment
- When selecting types of microphones, the following factors shall be considered:
a) Single versus multiple inputs, b) The mobility of the user, c) Physical constraints on the user (e.g., hands not free to hold the microphone), d) Ambient noise, and e) Special user constraints (headgear, oxygen mask, etc.).
-
Microphones, headphones, loudspeakers, and associated systems shall be designed to respond optimally to frequencies in line with Specification for Public Address and General Alarm System (PAGA) for COMP3 Project [Ref.27].
-
The dynamic range of a microphone used with a selected amplifier shall be great
enough to allow variations in signal input of at least 50 dBA.
-
In very loud (including low-frequency) noise environments (100 dBA overall), noise- cancelling microphones shall be utilized. These shall be capable of improving peak- speech to root-mean-square-noise ratio no less than 10 dB as compared with non- noise-cancelling microphones.
-
In Radio System, where personnel are working in high ambient noise (85 dBA or above), binaural headsets shall be provided rather than monaural headsets. Where possible, binaural headsets shall be wired so that the sound reaches the two ears in
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opposing phases. The headsets’ attenuation qualities shall be capable of reducing the ambient noise level to less than 85 dBA.
-
If a console Operator’s hands are occupied so that Operator cannot pick up a microphone, then a fixed microphone shall be located as close to Operator’s mouth as practical.
-
When the user is in an intense noise field, the microphone shall be placed in a noise
shield. Noise shields shall be designed to meet the following requirements:
a) Have an internal noise shield volume of at least 15.25 inch3 (250 cm3) to permit
a pressure gradient microphone to function normally.
b) Maintain a good seal against the face with the pressure of a hand or the tension
of the straps.
c) Contain a hole or combination of holes covering a total area of 0.1 inch2 (65
mm2) to prevent pressure build-up.
d) Prevent a standing wave pattern, by shape or by the use of sound-absorbing
material.
e) Cause no impediment to voice effort, mouth or jaw movement, or breathing.
-
In Radio System, where multiple channels feed into headphones, the system should be designed to respond uniformly over the frequency range 100 Hz to 4,800 Hz.
-
Accessible volume or gain controls shall be provided for each communication receiving
channel.
- Where communication channels are to be continuously monitored, a means shall be
provided to suppress channel noise during no-signal periods (e.g., squelch control).
8.8.3 Audibility and Recognition of Signals and Alarms
-
The number, location, and amplitudes of Public Address (PA) system loudspeakers shall be adequate to ensure the intelligibility of announcements throughout workspaces in all potential noise conditions.
-
When visual alarms are required in high noise equipment housings or enclosures,
loudspeaker coverage shall reach the area outside.
-
In areas where the noise level varies by 20 dB or more, variable loudspeaker amplitudes and features that allow the volume setting to be monitored should be considered.
-
In noisy areas where the intelligibility of speech is low, peak clipping shall be provided
for PA systems with loudspeakers.
-
In containment and other large-volume areas, sufficient numbers of loudspeakers to avoid excessive echoing shall be provided. Maximum speaker range in these reverberant spaces should not exceed 50 ft (15.24 m).
-
The signal level of the PAGA system voice announcements shall be:
a) Higher than the ambient noise level by at least six (6) dBA as an absolute
minimum.
b) Within the absolute limits of, at least 65 dBA, but not exceeding 120 dBA. c) Broadcast SPL shall vary by no more than 20 dBA over internal areas of the
installation and 25 dBA in external areas.
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The signal level of the PAGA alarm shall be:
a) Higher than the ambient noise level by at least 6 dBA as an absolute minimum. b) Within the absolute limits of, at least 65 dBA, but not exceeding 120 dBA.
- The PAGA system announcements over the public address system shall be intelligible
regardless of the background noise up to a noise level of 85 dBA.
- Where audio alarms are intended to draw Operator’s attention to a warning, the alarm
signal shall be easily distinguished from routine signals and communications.
- A message priority system shall be established so that critical automated messages
override the presentation of any other communications that are less important.
8.8.4 Evacuation Alarm Systems
-
Audible alarms, rather than visual alarms, shall be used to alert personnel to muster. Audible alarms shall be able to deliver at least 65 dBA and shall be adjustable to support an output level that is 6 dBA above any background noise not exceeding 120 dBA.
-
The alarm frequency shall be between 500 Hz and 3,000 Hz.
-
Audible alarms shall be designed to minimize the likelihood of startling personnel. In the first 0.2 seconds of the audible alarm abruptly rising waveforms, square-topped waveforms, and use of the maximum sound level shall be avoided. As general guidance, a startled reaction may be expected if the sound level rises by more than 30 dBA in 0.5 seconds.
-
The General Platform Alarm (GPA) and the Prepare to Abandon Alarm shall be distinct
from each other and from all other alarms.
-
PA announcements shall be heard over the audible alarm. Announcements shall be at least 6 dBA above the audible alarm signal. The PA is allowed to temporary override the GA signal for this purpose.
-
The PA announcement shall not become distorted through reverberation or
interference.
-
Visual alarm shall have a flash rate of between 60 to 180 flashes per minute (1 to 5 Hz or 1 to 5 fps) with equal intervals of light and dark between the signals. The visual alarm light shall have at least a 10% greater luminance level than the surrounding area. Flash rates should not exceed 5 Hz (5 fps) and multiple flash sources should be synchronized to produce a combined flash rate no more than 5 Hz (5 fps).
-
Only a single flashing pattern shall be used for a visual alarm.
-
Visual alarms shall be placed away from bright light sources that may mask the signal.
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9 SIGNAGE AND EQUIPMENT LABELLING
This Section identify the minimum requirements for the design of signage and equipment labelling. Project shall determine if dual/multiple language signs are required. Signage and equipment labelling shall be meet the requirement of project specification.
9.1 Characters and Numerals
- For non-emergency signs or signs in well-illuminated areas, the safe viewing distance—defined by legibility limitations—should conform to Equation 1 listed below:
𝐻 =
𝐷 200
Where, H = Height of the character D = Safe viewing distance
- The character size on a display shall be at least 1/8 in. (3.175mm) for a viewing
distance that is less than 28 in. (710 mm).
9.2 Pipe Labelling
All piping systems in the facility shall be labeled in accordance with Specification for Fixed Facilities Protective Coating for COMP3 project [Ref.21]
9.3 Electrical, Instrument, Telecom Wire and Cable Labels
All electrical wiring, cabling, and wire terminals in the facility shall be labeled in accordance with Technical Specification for Electrical Power Cable, control and earthing cables for COMP3 Project [Ref.15]
All instrument cables labelling shall be in accordance with Specification for Instrument Cables & Cable Glands for COMP3 Project [Ref.24].
All Telecom cables labelling shall be in accordance with Specification for Telecom Cables for COMP3 Project [Ref.25].
9.4 Hazard Signs
- All hazard signs shall conform to BS ISO 3864-1 [Ref.48], BS-5499-10 [Ref.49], and
BS EN ISO 7010 [Ref.50].
-
The terms “Danger” and “Caution” shall not be used as signal words except for hazard signs per BS ISO 3864-1 [Ref.48], BS-5499-10 [Ref.49], and BS EN ISO 7010 [Ref.50]. Refer to Specification for Safety Signs for COMP3 Project [Ref.29] and Datasheet for Safety Signs for COMP3 Project [Ref.28].
-
High-voltage warning signs shall be prominently displayed on the appropriate individual sections of electrical equipment within buildings. This shall include, but is not limited to, voltage level warning stickers.
-
Battery room shall have proper warning signage.
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9.5 Text, Wording and Symbol Use for Signs and Equipment Handling
- Descriptive text should always be used in conjunction with accompanying international
symbols to further identify the issue.
-
Signs shall use short, simple sentences or phrases. If long phrases or sentences are required, then mixed-case lettering shall be aligned to the left margin (“left-aligned”) for languages that read from left to right. For languages that do not read from left to right, alignment shall be set to the standard reading starting position/direction for that particular language.
-
For signs containing operating procedures, the key information shall be provided in an
outline format.
- For signs containing operating procedures, the full written manual shall be referenced
to provide additional detail.
- Where necessary, the full written operating procedure shall be located at or near
equipment signs.
-
Step-by-step procedures shall be numbered and left-aligned.
-
Use both human-readable text and symbols to convey the information in all regulatory
signs and labels.
- Ensure that regulatory signs and labels comply with international and national
standards and codes.
-
Use black text on a white background for miscellaneous signs and labels.
-
Do not use the terms “Danger” and “Caution” as signal words.
-
Use mixed case and left justified text for long phrased and sentences in English.
Format Arabic phrases as appropriate.
- Always use human-readable text with symbols.
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10 LER AND CONTROL PANELS
This Section identifies the minimum Human Factors requirements for the design of LER and control panels.
10.1 Visual Displays
10.1.1 Distance and Angles
-
Ergonomic design of control consoles shall be used to help reduce the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders. The work surface height and the clearance under the work surface of a console shall meet requirements in ANSI/HFES 100 [Ref.32] or ISO 9241- 11 [Ref.41] or ASTM F 1166-23 [Ref.35].
-
For control panels at which Operator is normally standing, there shall be at least 28 in.
(710 mm) of free access space in front of the control panels.
- The displays shall be mounted where each is easily viewed from Operator’s normal
working position per Figure 10.1.1.1 and Figure 10.1.1.2.
Figure 10.1.1.1: Vertical Viewing Angles
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Figure 10.1.1.2 (cont.): Vertical Viewing Angles
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Figure 10.1.1.3: Horizontal Viewing Angles
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-
Displays shall be located such that they are visible from normal work positions, without resorting to use of ladders and without requiring personnel to stand on equipment, components, or handrails. The minimum viewing distance from the observer’s eye to the face of the display shall be 20 in. (510 mm).
-
For control panels at which Operator is normally standing, displays and associated controls shall be located per Figure 10.1.1.4. COMPANY’s Engineer shall approve control and display layouts, controls or displays requiring precise, frequent, or emergency use shall be located in a primary viewing area per Figure 10.1.1.3 and at a height of between 40 in. (1,015 mm) and 70 in. (1,780 mm) above the standing surface Figure 10.1.1.4.
Figure 10.1.1.4: Primary Visual Cone
-
Controls shall be positioned within the reach specified in Figure 10.1.1.4, close to and in clear relationship with the affected displays. Displays shall be arranged to be viewable from the normal working position.
-
Displays shall be perpendicular to Operator’s normal line of sight and clearly legible from expected viewing position (e.g., from the surveillance path or location of associated control) to reduce parallax error, and displays shall be located to avoid glare from nearby lights or sunlight.
-
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) type displays shall be capable of being read in all possible illumination conditions without washout or loss of displayed information.
-
Equipment on console-type panels shall be arranged so that all instruments and switches are readable and operable by Operator in both the sitting and standing position. For console-type panels, the layout shall be approved by COMPANY’s Engineer.
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Figure 10.1.1.5: Position Displays and Controls
- Doors on the back of the panel boards, doors on wall-mounted panels, or doors on equipment facing clearance aisles shall open without obstruction and shall give free access to the interior of the panels. Adequate access space for maintenance shall be provided. The minimum clearance acceptable is shown in Table 10.1.1.1.
Table 10.1.1.1: Minimum Acceptable Clearance for Maintenance
WORKER POSITION
CLEARANCE DEPTH
Standing
Stooping NOTE 1
Kneeling NOTE 1
Squatting
28 in. (710 mm)
40 in. (1,020 mm)
48 in. (1,220 mm)
36 in. (910 mm)
NOTE 1: For Normally Unintended installations (NUI), minimum clearance shall be 1000mm especially for stooping/kneeling position.
10.1.1.1 Safety Critical Controls and Displays
-
Switches on the front of the panel classified for emergency service shall be guarded to prevent accidental operation. Switches for regular process operation shall be a type not prone to accidental operation.
-
Safety-critical and high-accuracy controls and displays shall be placed within ±15 degrees of Operator’s central line of sight in horizontal and vertical directions. See Figure 10.1.1.3.
-
Safety-critical and emergency controls and displays shall be located separately from and be readily identifiable from those used normally for process control. They shall also be located within the “Safety Critical and Emergency Control” positioning for the control location for standing and sitting positions Figure 10.1.1.2, Figure 10.1.1.3 and Figure 10.1.1.4. These controls shall also be designed to be quickly activated.
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10.1.2 Spacing
- Indoor controls shall be separated as indicated below, in order to avoid accidental
activation:
a) Pushbuttons, by 1 in. (25 mm) b) Toggle switches, by 2 in. (50 mm) c) Controls operated with the whole hand, by 5 in. (127 mm)
- Adjacent keyboards on control consoles shall be spaced at least 30 in. (760 mm) apart,
center to center.
- There shall be at least 54 in. (1,370 mm) clearance behind the chair to allow Operator
adequate access.
10.1.3 Sequence and Position
- Progressions of quantitative display scales shall be in increments of 1, 2, 5, or multiples
thereof. Unusual progression systems, such as by 3, 8, etc., shall be avoided.
-
Multiple pointers and multiple scales shall be avoided on the same display.
-
A matrix of controls or displays should have an odd number of rows and columns. The
middle row or column improves spatial recognition of displayed devices.
-
Controls shall be arranged sequentially with respect to the intended order of operation. If three or more Operator actions must routinely be accomplished in the correct order to render a piece of equipment safe for manual intervention, then the control functions shall be combined in a single control with a label that describes the task (e.g., Maintenance Bypass). Boundary lines, coloring, or escutcheon plates shall be used to provide visual separation of groups. Adjacent displays with similar functions shall have the same layout of graduation marks and characters.
-
The position of discrete controls (e.g., pushbuttons, toggle switches, and rocker
switches) shall be easy to understand.
- Mirror image control panels, controls, and displays shall not be used.
10.1.4 Display Convention
-
Gauge displays shall be black numerals and pointers on a white background.
-
All displays with similar functions shall have the same units of measure, layout of
graduation marks, and characters. Pointers shall not cover graduation marks.
- All the numbers on displays shall increase in a clockwise, upward, or left-to-right
direction.
10.1.5 Operability
-
Local controls and displays shall be selected and designed to facilitate manual operation and maintenance and shall be located with respect to each other using task analysis results.
-
Controls shall be selected considering the necessary functionality per Table 10.1.5.1, the accuracy and speed of operation required, the force required to move them, and the available space, as indicated in Table 10.1.5.1.
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Table 10.1.5.1: Control Type Selection
CONSIDERATIONS
FUNCTIONA LITY
LEVEL OF ACCURACY
ACTIVATION SPEED
ACTIVATION FORCE
AVAILABLE SPACE
Discrete with 2 Settings
Discrete with 3 Settings
Discrete with 3 to 24 Settings
Continuous over a Small Range
Continuous over a Large Range
High
Low
High
High
High
High
Low
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Low
High
High
Low
Low
Low
High
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Large
Small
Large
Small
Small
Large
Large
REQUIRED CONTROL TYPE
Toggle switch
Pushbutton
Rotary selector or lever
Toggle switch or thumbwheel
Rotary selector
Rotary selector
Small
Small
Medium/Large
Small
Medium
Medium
Medium/Large Lever
Small
Thumbwheel
Medium
Rotary selector
Large
Handwheel
Small/Medium Slide switch
Medium/Large Lever
Small/Medium Knob
Medium/Large Crank
Large
Crank
Medium/Large Foot pedal
-
Visual displays shall be selected considering the type of information that Operator needs to perform a task, as indicated in Table 10.1.5.2. Unused displays shall be removed to avoid clutter and confusion.
-
Status indication minimum light size is 1/2 in. (13 mm), with luminance at least twice
the background luminance.
Table 10.1.5.2: Display Type Selection
INFORMATION NEEDED / TASK
EXAMPLES OF DATA
REQUIRED DISPLAY TYPE
COMMENTS
Quantitative Reading (an exact numerical value)
Production volume
Digital display
Fastest and most accurate to read. LCD more effective than LED in ambient light conditions.
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INFORMATION NEEDED / TASK
EXAMPLES OF DATA
REQUIRED DISPLAY TYPE
COMMENTS
Qualitative Reading (approximate value, rate of change, or and trend of magnitude deviation from a desired value)
Temperature and pressure readings Process value changes during start-up Flow rates
Moving pointer
Graph
increase
Relative position is easy to notice, especially with zones marking acceptable operating ranges. Changes are easy to detect. Numbers shall in clockwise, upward, or left-to- right direction, and the scale shall be single and linear. Pointer shall graduation marks. Color-coded Operator make qualitative readings.
help rapid
zones
cover
not
Adjustment (setting an indicator to a desired value)
Status Indication (verification that a specific, discrete condition is or is not occurring)
Set point instruments
for
Digital Moving pointer
display
Moving pointer has better stereotypes for control setting.
High pressure indicator
Status light Lighted message display
Fastest to comprehend. Can be alarmed at a flashing frequency of 2–3 Hz. Minimum light size is 1/2 in. (13 mm), with luminance at least twice background luminance.
the
-
Permanent analog displays and gauges may be marked with color-coded zones to identify acceptable and unacceptable operating ranges and to ensure that monitoring and task execution is consistently and correctly performed. When color-coded zone markings are used, the zones shall be clear and understandable (e.g., red for danger, yellow for caution, green for acceptable). Gauges and displays shall additionally conform to Specification for field instruments.
-
Color coding as follows shall be used for operational controls:
a) Red for stop, failure, or malfunction, b) Yellow for caution, c) Green for acceptable or ready, and d) White for standby or active. e) Existing Color coding to be followed in case of integration with existing facilities.
- The movement of controls and the response of related displays shall be consistent and
predictable and shall conform to Operator expectations.
-
All similar controls shall operate in a manner similar to one another.
-
Operation of controls shall be consistent with local and cultural expectations, to which people tend to revert under stress. Discrete controls shall have a positive indicator that
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the control has activated (e.g., indent, indication light, or large displacement of a switch). Controls installed outdoors shall be large enough to operate with gloved hands.
- For safety-critical devices, and wherever possible for process control devices, Operator shall receive feedback that the final control element has responded to activation of the control device.
10.2 Minimum Requirements for Process Control Systems
10.2.1 Monitors
-
Design displays to be free of flicker when viewed from expected viewing distances and angles under normal control room lighting conditions. Include images at all brightness levels and large areas of color.
-
Ensure that the display image appears to be stable (i.e., free of “jitters”).
-
Display luminance, type, character height to width ratio and Stroke width to height ratio
to be as per existing display requirements.
10.2.2 Input/Pointing Devices
- Provide the operator with a main input/pointing device and a back-up device (for
example, a tracker ball as the main input device backed up by a keyboard).
- Make available to the operator dedicated function keys or display targets for frequent
operator inputs.
- Locate frequently used input devices directly in front of the operator and within the
primary work zone.
- Make, if possible, input devices such as keyboards height slope adjustable.
10.2.3 Printers
-
Choose printers that do not affect display content or updates.
-
Design printer systems that will not lose printed alarm information due to printer
overload, the paper supplies running out, or the printer being off-line.
- Choose color printers for screen displays.
10.2.4 Dynamic Characteristics
- Design the system to provide a clear indication to the operator when the keyboard is
locked out or the console otherwise disabled.
- Design the system to provide a clear indication when updating of displayed information
is frozen or has failed.
- Make multiple cursors distinct from each other.
10.2.5 System Security
- Provide password and/or physical key lock protection for operator, supervisor, and
engineering access (optional for operators).
- Provide control or facilities to change display or input device characteristics to users with supervisor or engineering status. The access level (operator, supervisor,
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engineer) for functions such as control loop tuning, alarm suppression, lockout etc., shall be assignable by the systems engineer.
-
Provide date and time information to indicate the currency of time critical information.
-
Provide facilities to allow locking out system items that are undergoing maintenance
and show the locked out status on the display.
10.2.6 Data Integrity
-
Provide validation for all operator inputs to trap out-of-range requests.
-
Provide a clear indication to the operator when data is detected to be bad, lost, or
corrupted.
-
Do not allow a plant item to be controlled from more than one console at the same time. Existing control scheme to be followed in case of integration with existing facilities.
-
Provide clear messages on system faults and indicate their consequences.
10.2.7 Information Presentation
-
Support the presentation of both overview and detailed information on plant status.
-
Select a system that will provide a means to build mimic display formats that
incorporate and give access to more detailed information when required.
-
Select a system that will provide a simple, standardized way to select and interact with displays not require the operator to learn any complex commands in order to use it.
-
Standardize the appearance and positioning of common features such as display titles,
menu bars, and operator input areas across all displays.
- Display colors (excluding flashing colors) to follow existing control scheme.
10.2.8 Alarm Presentation
-
Provide support for four priority levels for alarms. Allow a different presentation format (e.g., color, background, etc.) for every alarm level and give the systems engineering personnel control over this presentation format.
-
Provide the capability of suppressing or inhibiting intermittent, repeating alarms. Develop a list for the operator that indicates all suppressed / inhibited alarms and ensure that the data point on the display provides clear indication that the associated alarm is suppressed / inhibited.
-
Make possible to change the configuration of alarms for different operating states.
-
Enable the suppression of alarms that arise as a result of normal operations or
following a trip (e.g., low flow alarm when valve upstream is correctly closed).
-
Provide an audible alarm capability sounds a distinct alarm tone. Make the minimum required sound level (which is adjustable by engineering personnel) 10 dBA above ambient control room noise level.
-
Provide different and distinctive alarm sounds to differentiate between operating
locations. Design alarm sounds in the 500 Hz to 3000 Hz frequency range.
- Provide alarm list display formats that enable alarms to be viewed by plant area, in
order of priority or in order of occurrence.
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
-
Make it possible to embed alarm information in mimic displays.
-
Provide a means to directly access a display that shows the most recent, highest
priority, unacknowledged alarm.
- Provide a simple means of directly accessing a suitable mimic display that provides
details of the earliest, highest priority alarm.
-
Do not allow an alarm to clear if the fault still exists.
-
Specify the use of colors that are significantly different from each other and use other
redundantly coding methods.
- A third-party Alarm Rationalisation Workshop shall be performed to rationalise alarms.
10.3 Visual Access for Visual Display Units
-
Proper functionality of Visual Display Units (VDUs) enables Operators to effectively monitor processes and manage abnormal situations. DCS graphic shall be aligned with the Project P&IDs legends and P&IDs typical details to minimize human error. Existing graphic detail shall be followed in case of integration with existing facilities. This Section provides basic requirements for designing VDUs. More specific guidance on meeting the criteria of this Section is provided in ASM Guidelines – Effective Console Operator HMI Design Practices [Ref. 44].
-
Adequate visual access for shared displays shall be provided to each Operator sharing
the display.
-
Stacking of multiple VDUs shall be limited to two tiers, unless the third tier is a VDU that rarely changes, such as a display of a flare tip or unit historical data that is elevated and wall mounted.
-
VDUs within a control Operator’s work area, and preferably all VDUs within the control room, shall follow a common display convention (e.g., displaying the most recent alarm at the top of the screen).
-
Contrasting and consistent color code of the displayed item symbol and potentially the associated text as well shall be used to distinguish between and among equipment that is operating, is an idled spare, or is bypassed for maintenance.
-
Displays for separate groups of similar equipment, such as parallel compressor trains or coke drums, shall be clearly distinguished. For example, this may be done by prominently displaying large identifier letters (e.g., A and B) and/or by using a contrasting color in the screen background or a tag of contrasting color in the corner of the screen.
-
The type of display presentation and units displayed shall be consistent with the task
that Operator is expected to perform using the displayed information.
- Figure 10.1.1.5 provides a selection of VDU types that are recommended for certain
tasks.
- Messages shall be brief and concise, using short, meaningful, and common words that
are presented in both upper- and lower-case lettering.
- Numbers shall be horizontal (upright) and limited to the significant digits required for Operator to perform the task, with the leading character zero displayed before decimal values less than one. Units of measurement shall be indicated where appropriate.
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
Digital numeric values shall not change faster than every 2 seconds. If it is important for Operators to be aware of the change, then trend analog displays shall be provided.
Figure 10.3.1 : Examples of VDU Types Recommended for Specific Tasks
-
Symbols shall be consistent for all displays and shall match existing industry guidelines in BSI BS ISO 14617-6 [Ref.39] or ISA 5.5 [Ref.40] and the local site and cultural conventions. Each individual symbol shall represent only one object and be distinct from all other symbols.
-
Color shall not be used as the only means of identifying process components or
conveying important information.
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
- The meaning associated with each color shall be consistent within each display, shall
be distinct, and shall match Operator expectations.
- No more than two levels of brightness coding shall be used. Brightness coding shall
not be used in conjunction with shape or size coding.
-
Display access structure shall be hierarchical, compatible with subdivisions of the unit or Operator activities, and grouped by function or location. The maximum number of hierarchical display pages on which process information is presented shall not exceed three.
-
A set of consistent overview displays applicable to each major mode of unit operation shall be designed and used to minimize the need to navigate between display pages. These overview displays shall provide Operator with necessary information for routine process monitoring, alarm status, and specific emergency response actions. Dedicated access keys for such display pages shall be provided.
-
Data input boxes shall be configured to reduce input errors in line with existing graphic
and control scheme.
- For plant control functions, all inputs that change plant equipment status shall require
all of the following:
a) Explicit confirmation where the Operator confirms that status change. b) Feedback that the input has been accepted or rejected, with a meaningful input
error message as appropriate.
c) Change of status on the display when the confirmatory signal is received from
the plant.
-
Visual access to wall-mounted displays and mimic boards shall be unimpeded. Critical displays in low light levels shall have character heights of 1.5 in. (38 mm) for every 15 ft (4.572 m) of viewing distance.
-
Video screens for flares (WHP13N) and windsocks shall be easily viewed from CCTV Operator workstations and located inside LER. Operator views the workstation monitor from a seated position.
10.3.1 Visual Display Units and Touchscreen Displays and Controls
-
At VDU control consoles, safety-critical and frequently used controls shall be within the primary reach envelope (defined as within reach while the elbow remains at the body side) of Operator seated in the upright work position, as shown in Figure 10.3.1. Other controls and communication equipment shall be within the secondary reach envelope of Operator in the forward leaning work position, as shown in Figure 10.3.1.1.
-
Whenever possible, touchscreen displays shall be positioned within the primary reach envelope and at an angle that minimizes glare and dust concerns. Pointing devices may be used with COMPANY’s Engineer approval to reach touchscreens that are positioned outside of the primary reach envelope. See Figure 10.3.1.1 for recommended location of touchscreen VDUs if used.
200-20-SH-SPC-00018_B
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
Figure 10.3.1.1: Reach Envelope for Seated Operator
Figure 10.3.1.2: Recommended Location of Touchscreen VDU
10.4 General Label requirements for displays and controls
-
All display and control labels shall contain a functional descriptive phrase of the equipment on the top line of the label and a process tag number on the lower line. Terminology shall be consistent for the same controls used for different systems, and control position labels shall indicate the functional result of the control movement (e.g., ON, OFF, or BYPASS, increase or decrease).
-
Display label text shall be stated in terms of what is being measured and the units (e.g.,
voltage) instead of the display type (e.g., voltmeter).
200-20-SH-SPC-00018_B
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
- Display and control labels shall be made of engraved plastic or vinyl or made of other
COMPANY-approved environment-safe/resistant material.
-
Labels shall be centered and placed above the controls and below the displays or, for displays, shall be an integral part of the display face; however, if small controls are mounted in a series one below another, then their individual labels shall be placed to the right. When a display is placed directly above its control, one label between them is sufficient and its units of measure shall appear on the face of the display, rather than on the label.
-
On control panels with many rows and/or columns of equally spaced controls and labels, labels shall be linked to the components they identify using tie lines or escutcheon plates (i.e., labels that enclose or surround the component). See Figure 10.4.1.
Figure 10.4.1: Layout and Labelling of Controls and Displays on Control Panel
10.4.1 Specific Requirements for Fire and Gas Panels
- Design fire / gas panels or VDU displays to rapidly and reliably identify the location and
spread of gas release or fire.
-
Indicate the location and activation of manual call points on fire and gas panels.
-
Group indicator lamps in a consistent layout and apply color-coding to ensure rapid
and reliable identification.
-
Identify alarm indications as they arise.
-
Arrange associated displays and controls so that they may be readily identified.
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
-
Layout clean agent initiators to help guide the actions of the operator.
-
Clearly identify initiator controls (e.g., Clean Agent initiators) using human readable text labels. Use label text that is simple to understand, easy to read, and conforms to operator expectations.
-
Provide audible and visible alarms to identify power or communication failure.
-
Provide an integral lamp test facility to verify lamp integrity.
-
Provide a clear indication of where and how the fire and gas system has been
overridden.
- Provide a means to prevent inadvertent or unauthorized operation of fire and gas
initiators.
10.4.2 Specific Requirements for ESD and Blowdown Panels
- Display ESD alarms in such a way that the location and the source of initiation of the
ESD, or equipment affecting an ESD, may be readily identified.
- Provide a single key press action to allow an operator to access alarm information on
the VDU process control system.
- Locate a control for manual initiation of total plant ESD at the main control point, e.g.,
the process control console.
- Design a clear and simple relationship between the ESD and blowdown switches and
the equipment they control.
-
Identify and separate the controls for major plant areas and those for total plant ESD.
-
Design ESD controls to prevent accidental actuation.
-
Design displays relating to ESD / blowdown (e.g., panels or VDU displays) to permit the operator to quickly identify successful activation and to follow the progress of events.
-
Provide feedback information to confirm positively that the ESD / blowdown signal has been sent and that ESD valves have closed and blowdown valves have opened.
-
Provide a direct correspondence between process control VDU mimics and the ESD /
blowdown panels.
- Design audible and visible alarms to identify communications failure or malfunction in
the power supply.
- Use audible and visible alarms to identify the failure of any single-channel,
programmable electronic system.
-
Provide an integral lamp test facility to verify lamp integrity.
-
Where arrangements are provided for overriding parts of the ESD system (e.g., during maintenance), provide a clear indication for parts of the system that have been overridden. Display this information at the main control point and local panels (e.g., wellhead panels).
-
Equip ESD systems with manual reset facilities.
-
Alert the operator at the main control point when an ESD is to be reset. Provide a
system for confirming or accepting resets.
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
11 ISOLATION AND EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN DEVICES
This Section identifies the minimum requirements for integrating Human Factors principles into the selection of isolation devices, fire and gas panels, and ESD panels.
11.1 Abnormal Condition Detection and Local Initiation
- Emergency alarm initiation points, call points, and ESD initiation points shall be
installed as specified in NFPA 72 [Ref.47].
- A means to indicate the position or status of emergency controls shall be provided on
or near the controls.
-
Identification numbers and emergency contact numbers shall be clearly displayed. For items that are activated while standing, these shall be positioned 48 in. (1,220 mm) above the floor.
-
Where vocal communication is required, shielding and sound insulation shall be
provided where the noise from adjacent equipment exceeds 65 dBA.
-
ESD controls shall have some form of unique identification to clearly distinguish them from other controls (e.g., using labelling or color coding) and shall be adequately illuminated for poor visibility conditions. The function of an ESD button shall be made clear either by its location (e.g., next to a compressor) or by labelling, or both.
-
ESD controls shall be positioned between 40 in. and 55 in. (1,015 mm and 1,400 mm)
above floor level, as shown in Figure 10.1.1.5.
- Emergency controls shall be capable of being activated quickly and easily but shall be protected from inadvertent operation. The size of controls shall be appropriate for their expected mode of operation.
11.2 Isolation Valves, Blinds, Switchgear and other Devices
-
Devices for similar purposes shall have the same arrangement and appearance.
-
Visual indication shall be provided such that a visual inspection can determine that
isolation has been applied.
-
Visual indication of valve position shall be provided on drain line and vent line valves.
-
Ensure that Isolation devices designed for similar purposes have the same
arrangement and appearance.
- Install permanent unique labels to clearly identify all isolation devices and to specify
their isolation function.
- Design label information large enough to be accurately read from the expected working
distance.
- Label valves/controls by item (i.e., by a human-readable description of its function) as
well as by the item’s tag number.
- Provide lubrication points for valves and valve stems with an effective means for
lubrication.
- Design the movement of isolation valves to be consistent, predictable, and compatible with operator expectations. The operating stereotype for valves is clockwise to close, counter-clockwise to increase flow, move left to right, front to back or upwards.
200-20-SH-SPC-00018_B
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Classification: Internal
NORTH FIELD PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY (NFPS) PROJECT
COMP3 - NFPS OFFSHORE RISER/WELLHEAD PLATFORM & INTRAFIELD PIPELINES PROJECT
HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING (HFE) WORKPLACE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR COMP3 PROJECT
- Provide adequate feedback to operators using isolation devices to indicate that the
device has been fully activated.
-
Provide a visual confirmation that isolation has been applied.
-
Provide a clear indication of open/close status on drain line/bleed offline valves.
-
Install physical interlocks, such as a captive key system, to control access to equipment or ensure complete isolation prior to gaining access to hazardous areas.
-
Provide built-in isolation indicators or test systems to check the integrity of the isolation.
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Project: Q-32705 - Saipem COMP3 Folder: 1. 26.06.25