RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 1 OF 219
ADNOC GAS
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY Contract No.
4700022871
JV TJN RUWAIS Contract No
215122C
Document Class
Document Category (for Class 1)
Class 2
N/A
OPERATING CENTER Contract No.
OPERATING CENTER Doc Ref.
1
0
IFC – Issued for Construction
22-Nov-2024
V. Lachat
ICR – Issued for Client Review
1-Aug-2024
V. Lachat
J. Pennetier M. Ono H. Kadam
J. Pennetier M. Ono H. Kadam
S. Deilles K. Fujii
S. Deilles K. Fujii
Rev.
Revision Purpose
Date
Prepared by
Checked by Approved by
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 2 OF 219
Table of Contents Contents Page INTRODUCTION … 4 1.0 1.1 Scope of the Document … 4 1.2 Holds List … 4 1.3 References … 4 1.4 Definitions and Abbreviations … 5 2.0 AMENDMENTS TO ADNOC GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION AGES-SP-09-008 … 6 New annex A – Hot insulation … 21 New annex B – Cold insulation … 25 New annex C – Acoustic insulation … 31 3.0 Appendix … 41 3.1 APPENDIX 1 - AGES-SP-09-008 INSULATION … 41
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 3 OF 219
Table of Changes compared to previous revision (for Procedures and Job Specifications only)
Paragraph
Modification description
Remarks / Origin
Section 8.1.4 and general (in other concerned sections by this modifications)
Clause 5.5
Mention of MW and perlite for hot and acoustic insulation material has been removed for compliance with authorized materials New insulation code created for Personnel protection in cold service
As per CPY clarifications (email from A. Stephens dated from 10-10-2024)
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 4 OF 219
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The ADNOC Ruwais LNG Project is a two train, near net-zero electrically driven LNG facility, targeting international markets. The feed gas for the project is supplied from the Habshan Gas Processing Plant via a new export gas pipeline. The plant will have two 4.8 MTPA (nominal capacity) electric driven LNG Trains with associated LNG storage/marine export facilities and utilities.
Figure 1 – Project Context
The ADNOC Ruwais LNG Project foresees the following main components at the facility:
• Onshore LNG Liquefaction facilities for 2 x 4.8 MTPA electrically driven LNG Trains (9.6MTPA total)
• Common facilities including inlet receiving facilities, LNG storage, BOG handling, flare, refrigerant
storage and support buildings.
• Utilities to support the facilities including import power from the national grid.
• Marine facilities for LNG export and bunkering.
1.1
Scope of the Document
This specification amends ADNOC General Engineering Specification AGES-SP-09-008 which is attached hereto in Appendix 1. Section 2 of this document identifies the amendments to this AGES.
1.2
Holds List
HOLD
DESCRIPTION
1.3
References
[1] AGES-SP-09-008 [2] RLNG-000-MT-PP-2201
INSULATION - SPECIFICATION (REVISION 1) INSPECTION AND TEST PLAN FOR INSULATION
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 5 OF 219
1.4
Definitions and Abbreviations
COMPANY
CONTRACTOR
EPC ADOC INSULATION MANUFACTURER
INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR
POC YOC
ABU DHABI NATIONAL OIL COMPANY (ADNOC) P.J.S.C. TJN Ruwais, Joint Venture of Technip Energies France-Abu Dhabi, JGC Corporation and National Marines Dredging Company (NMDC) Engineering Procurement Construction Abu Dhabi Operating center - National Marines Dredging Company
The party which manufactures and supplies insulation materials
The Party which carries out all or part of the material take off, design (in special cases), procurement, surface preparation, application, and testing of the Insulation as specified by the CONTRACTOR Paris Operating Center - Technip Energies Yokohama Operating center - JGC Corporation
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 6 OF 219
2.0
AMENDMENTS TO ADNOC GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION AGES-SP-09-008
Instructions contained below such as “Add”, “Substitute”, “Revised”, or “New” shall be interpreted as follows:
-
Add: Requirements shall be a continuation of the paragraph in the referenced specification.
-
Substitute: The requirement of the referenced specification shall be replaced in its entirety by the
requirements below.
- Revised: The requirement of the referenced specification shall be revised by the specific wording
below.
- New: A new requirement as described below.
Section A – Contractual Requirements
- Normative References (Revised)
The following AGES references are substituted with Project documents as detailed below:
AGES Reference
Project Document No.
Project Document Title
AGES-SP-06-001
RLNG-000-MS-SP-0801
Design criteria for static Equipment
AGES-SP-06-002
RLNG-000-MS-SP-0802
Specification for Pressure Vessels
AGES-SP-06-003
RLNG-000-MS-SP-0600
/
RLNG-000-MS-SP-0001
AGES-SP-07-004
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2301
Specification for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Particular Specification for Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger
Specification for Protective Coating of Equipment, Piping & Structures
AGES-SP-07-011
RLNG-0006-PM-PP-9001
Project Preservation Vendor’s Requirement
AGES-SP-09-001
RLNG-000-PI-BOD-0001
Piping Design Basis
AGES-SP-09-006
RLNG-000-PI-SP-0010
General Specification for Pipe Supports
AGES-GL-08-001
RLNG-000-PR-PP-0006
Process Design Criteria
AGES-GL-13-001
RLNG-000-PM-SP-6004
AGES-GL-13-002
RLNG-000-MT-SP-6303
Vendor Performance Management (VPM) Requirements for Suppliers
Positive Material Identification of Equipment & Piping
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 7 OF 219
Clause 1.1 Introduction – Revise paragraph to:
This Specification defines COMPANY minimum requirements for design, materials, application and quality control of external Thermal (Hot, Cold, Dual) insulation of pipework, vessels and equipment operating between -180°C and 700°C for new & existing facilities located above ground either onshore or on offshore installations. This specification covers also the minimum requirements for materials, fabrication, installation and application of sound control (acoustical) insulation on piping and equipment.
Clause 1.3 Definitions and Abbreviations – Add to Table 1:
Abbreviations
CSPE
ChloroSulphonated PolyEthylene
ID
HOC
IPS
ITP
MFV
MLV
Internal Diameter
Heat Of Combustion
Insulation Procedure Specification
Inspection and Test Plan
Mass Filled Vinyl
Mass Loaded Vinyl
PTFE
Polytetrafluoro ethylene
RFI
RTV
SS
STC
TMY
Request For Information
Room Temperature Vulcanizing
Stainless Steel
Sound Transmission Class
Typical Meteorological Year
Clause 1.4 Exception – Delete last point:
• This specification does not specifically cover the acoustical insulation of other equipment such as large vessels and machinery, however such treatments should follow the basic principles and guidelines of this document per the direction of the Noise Control Engineer and/or Acoustical Consultant.
Clause 2.2 International Codes and Standards – Add the following references:
American Petroleum Institute
API 583
Corrosion under insulation and fireproofing
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 8 OF 219
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
ASTM C449
ASTM C591
Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement
Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
ASTM C610
Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
ASTM C680
Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
ASTM C1335
Standard Test Method for Measuring Fibrous Content of Man-Made Rod and Slag Mineral Fiber Insulation
ASTM C1728
Standard Specification for Flexible Aerogel Insulation
ASTM D 2126
ASTM D2856
Standard Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics to Thermal and Humid Ageing
Standard Test Method for General Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics by the Air Pycnometer using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
ASTM E136
Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials
National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) now AMPP:
NACE SP0198
Control of Corrosion under Thermal Insulation and Fireproofing Materials – A systems Approach
Process Industry Practices (PIP)
PIP INIH1000
Hot Insulation Installation Details
Clause 2.3 ADNOC Specifications, Standard Drawings and Other References – Add:
LNG-AI-ICD-PRO-CMS-SOP010-R04-22
ADNOC LNG Insulation Specification for Piping and Equipment – Standard Operating Procedure
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 9 OF 219
Section B - Technical Requirements
The following paragraphs are amended in AGES-SP-09-008
.
Clause 5.5 Identification of Insulation Requirements – Substitute paragraph with:
The type and extent of insulation requirements shall be identified using the following codes on the P&IDs, pipe line list, instrument list, equipment drawings, and piping isometrics. This classification will be developed in the following sections dedicated to hot, cold, personnel protection and acoustic insulation.
Code Type Legend
Description
H
PP
PPC
E
AHC
AHD
AEC
AED
C
CF
AC
AD
ACC
ACD
APC
APD
N
Heat Conservation Insulation
Personnel Protection temperature above 60°C)
Insulation
Personnel Protection temperature below minus 10°C)
Insulation
Electrical Traced Insulation
for uninsulated
items (For
for uninsulated
items (For
Hot Acoustic and Insulation Class C
Hot Acoustic and Insulation Class D
Electrically Traced and Acoustic Class C
Electrically Traced and Acoustic Class D
Cold/Anti Condensation
Cold/Anti Condensation and fire protection
Acoustic Class C
Acoustic Class D
Cold Acoustic and Insulation Class C
Cold Acoustic and Insulation Class D
Personnel Protection and Acoustic Class C
Personnel Protection and Acoustic Class D
No insulation required
Clause 5.6.13 – New requirement:
Thermal and acoustic insulation products shall be qualified for use on austenitic stainless steel in accordance with ASTM C795. The material manufacturer shall demonstrate that the material that will be furnished for this project has passed the pre-production corrosion test in accordance with ASTM C692. The material manufacturer shall also furnish a chemical analysis in accordance with ASTM C871 for material from the same production lot tested under C692. However, unless otherwise specified by the CONTRACTOR,
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 10 OF 219
certification of chemical analysis is not required for each production lot from which material is furnished for this project.
Add a new section Clause 5.7
Requirement to insulate or not valves and flanges for valves and flanges shall be indicated on P&IDs through insulation breaks and in Line List through Insulation Limit.
PART 1: HOT INSULATION
Clause 8.1.4 Materials – Revise paragraph to:
Acceptable materials for hot insulation are:
a. Water repellent mineral wool of long fibers bonded with binder suitable for the intended operational
temperature range listed in Table 2.
b. Aspen Aerogels’ Pyrogel XTE and Pyrogel HPS flexible aerogel insulation suitable for operating temperatures ≤ 650°C, formed of silica aerogel and reinforced with a non-woven, glass-fiber batting.
c. Perlite which can be used for equipment, and piping operating up to 650°C for all function Codes.
Clause 8.1.5 Materials – Revise first paragraph to:
Insulation material shall be odourless at operating temperature, mould and vermin proof and non-injurious to health. The materials shall not be used at temperatures exceeding those recommended for continuous use, either in the Table A1 in Annex A unless approved by CONTRACTOR/COMPANY.
Clause 8.1.8 Materials – New clause
All piping systems and other equipment, vessel and tanks shall be insulated with Aspen Aerogels’ Pyrogel XTE and Pyrogel HPS flexible aerogel insulation, available in 5mm and 10mm thicknesses and complying with ASTM C1728 type III, Grade 1A, as well as the following:
(i) The material shall have a heat of combustion (HOC) no greater than 717 cal/g when tested per ISO 1716.
(ii) Each lot of material shall be accompanied by a certificate of analysis (CofA) showing, at minimum, the test results for that lot’s thermal conductivity and heat of combustion. A lot shall consist of no more than 10 cubic meters of insulation material.
Table A1 in Annex A summarizes the typical properties of the flexible aerogel insulation material.
For operating temperatures below 400°C, Pyrogel XTE shall be used. For temperatures ≥400°C, Pyrogel HPS shall be used. In fire-hazard areas, piping and equipment shall be insulated with the product Pyrogel XTF in conjunction with stainless steel jacket, specifically formulated to provide protection against fire.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 11 OF 219
Pre-fabricated construction for heads of equipment (pie shaped segments) and for fittings and elbows (gored patterns) are preferred but field-fabricated sections are acceptable and various patterns or wrapping constructions shall be provided by the INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR during EPC.
Clause 8.1.9 Materials – New clause: Hot Acoustic Insulation
Hot acoustic insulation shall be designated with the codes AHC/AHD, AEC and AED. The primary consideration for use of acoustic insulation shall be control of radiated noise. The materials and their application will be specified in Part 3 of this specification.
Clause 8.2 Thickness of Hot Insulation – Revise clause 8.2.2 to:
The required thermal insulation thickness for aerogel shall be determined by using the insulation thickness charts. (Table A4 and A5).
Clause 8.4.2 Jacketing Thickness:
Jacketing thickness shall be in accordance with Table 7.
Table 7 Minimum Jacketing thicknesses
Outside diameter of the insulation Aluminum
Stainless steel
Piping (all diameters)
0.40 mm
Equipment up (762mm)
to 30” diameter
0.50 mm
Covers for valve/flange, equipment heads, pump covers
0.60 mm
0.40 mm
0.40 mm
0.40 mm
NOTE: For passive fire protection applications utilizing Pyrogel XTF, stainless steel jacketing must be used. Thickness shall be 0.51 mm minimum for pool fire, and 0.81 mm for jet fire.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 12 OF 219
Clause 9.1.7 General requirements – Substitute clause with:
The INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR is responsible for applying an insulating system that will give a satisfactory operational performance and the requirements given herein shall be regarded as the acceptable minimum. The INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR shall carryout the work in accordance with the best practices of insulation application. Typical insulation construction details are provided in PIP INIH100 or BS 5970 and in Appendixes of this specification. INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit detailed procedures with detailed sketches showing methods of applying insulation during EPC.
Clause 9.1.11 General requirements – New clause: Tell-tale tubes:
All insulated flanges in hydrocarbon service, except for lube oils and heating media shall have a 1/4” (6.4mm) ID, PTFE tell-tale tube extending from middle of the flange to outside the insulation jacket. The tube is used for flange/gasket leakage testing prior to start up. This tube shall be installed by the INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR before the conventional insulation is applied.
Where the line operating temperature is outside the PTFE material temperature limits (typically 260°C), ¼’’ (6.4mm) ID 316 SS tube shall be used.
The tell-tale will be installed in 6 o’clock position. The INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR will completely insulate the tell-tale, leaving only the end of the tube protruding through the insulation jacket. After testing, the tell-tale will be plugged with a plastic cap in compression and will stay permanently in place for future use.
Clause 9.1.13 General requirements – New clause: Mastic Finishes and Reinforcing Membranes
Weather barrier mastic shall be capable of being applied by trowel, glove or brush. It shall be a non-corrosive, heat-resistant, fire-retardant plastic suitable for continuous exposure to 93°C minimum.
All mastics, cements, caulks and compounds that can come in contact with stainless steel piping and equipment shall be free from lead, bismuth, zinc, mercury, antimony, cadmium and tin. The inorganic halogen content shall be less than 200ppm.
The selection of specific brands shall be made in accordance with COMPANY ‘s approved product list as detailed in SOP010 Appendix 4 or requires the prior written approval of the COMPANY.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 13 OF 219
Clause 9.2.11 Insulation Expansion Joints – Substitute clause with:
Insulation expansion joints are not required for flexible aerogel insulation.
Clause 9.8 Inspection Windows – New clause 9.8.4
The number of inspection windows shall be kept to a minimum, taking into consideration the fact that internal corrosion is not the major threat in this project but external corrosion and CUI. Any opening/plug in the external jacketing will introduce a potential risk due to misuse or negligence. CONTRACTOR/COMPANY Inspection/Maintenance Chief shall determine the number and locations prior to start of insulation work.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 14 OF 219
PART 2: COLD INSULATION
Clause 10.2 Insulation System – Revise paragraph 10.2.1 with:
Acceptable materials for cold/anti condensation insulation (code C) are:
a. Polyisocyanurate rigid foam (PIR) in conformance with ASTM C591. The minimum properties shall
be as defined in Annex B Table B1.
b. Aspen Aerogels’ Cryogel Z flexible aerogel insulation, in compliance with ASTM C1728 Type 1
Grade 1B. The material main properties are summarized in Annex B Table B2.
Fire protection combined with cold/anti condensation insulation (code CF) shall be designed with either:
a. Cellular Glass as per ASTM C552 and minimum properties defined in Annex B Table B3
b. Aspen Aerogels’ Cryogel Z flexible aerogel insulation in compliance with ASTM C1728 Type 1 Grade
1B. The material main properties are summarized in Annex B Table B2.
c. A combination of PIR and cellular glasses or Cellular Glass associated with one inch (1in = 25mm)
of ceramic blanket are additional options
Cryogel Z is the recommended insulation material for piping systems and equipment and vessels. CONTRACTOR may submit alternative offers for other materials for consideration as per clause 10.2.
Combined cold and acoustic insulation systems with code ACC and ACD will be specified in Part 3 of this specification dedicated to acoustic insulation.
.
Clause 10.2 Insulation system – Delete paragraph 10.2.1.1
Clause 10.2 Insulation system – Revise paragraph 10.2.1.2 with:
Insulation for Dual or Cyclic Temperature lines and equipment shall be fabricated with Cellular Glass or Aspen aerogel Cryogel-Z.
Clause 10.5 Personnel Protection (Cold Service) Revise last sentence of last paragraph with:
Insulation should only be used for personnel protection (cold service) if other alternative protective measures such as open mesh guards, expanded metal shields, hand railings or other physical barriers are not suitable. (Refer Section 8.3 above for details of guards). The insulation thickness for personnel protection (cold service) shall be as per Table B4.
Clause 10.6 Insulation of jetty –Add entire new clause
Pipe pre-insulation process, consisting in applying insulation and cladding to a pipe prior to its installation usually offsite in a workshop, may be used for jetty lines.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 15 OF 219
Clause 12.1.5 and 12.1.6 Medium Density Rock Wool board / Low density Rock Wool Blankets – Substitute paragraphs with:
Low density glass fiber (unfaced) for packing voids and for introduction at expansion/contraction joints shall be manufactured from long continuous textile type glass fibers chopped into 2 inches to 4 inches (50 to 100mm) length and firmly bonded in random orientation with an inert thermosetting resin. The blanket shall have following properties:
a. Nominal density shall be 16 kg/m3
b. Thermal conductivity shall not be greater than 0.039W/m.K
c. The material shall be free from delamination or fiber fallout when tested to BS 2972.
Clause 12.1.7 Heavy Density Rock Wool Pipe Sections/Slab – Delete paragraph
Clause 12.1.8 Ceramic Fiber Blanket – New Clause:
The ceramic fiber blankets to use combined with Cellular Glass for insulation code CF shall comply with the following minimum requirements:
a. The ceramic fiber blankets shall be produced from Kaolin clay. The fiber is spun from molten mineral raw material and laid into a continuous mat. The blankets shall be mechanically needled for added tensile strength.
b. Blankets shall have aluminum foil facing
Ceramic fiber blanket shall have a density of 8 lb/ft3 (128kg/m3) and be rated for 2300°F (1260°C).
Clause 12.2 Thickness of Insulation – Revise paragraph a) with
Typical insulation thickness for cold/anti condensation insulation (code C) are indicated in Annex B:
• Table B4 for PIR
• Table B5 for Cryogel Z flexible aerogel insulation
Clause 12.2 Thickness of Insulation – Revise paragraph c) with
The INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR shall check and recalculate thicknesses using the specific site temperature, relative humidity and wind speed based on project specific environmental data if different from those reported on Table B4 and B5.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 16 OF 219
Clause 12.2 Thickness of Insulation – New clause k)
For Cold Insulation in fire zone application which exhibits a code CF, the typical insulation thicknesses are reported in Table B6 when Cellular Glass has been selected. It is combined with 1 inch (25mm) thick ceramic fiber.
For Cryogel Z flexible aerogel insulation, The Manufacturer shall submit the corresponding qualified insulation thickness associated with an adequate metallic cladding system.
Other options can be considered, associating PIR used for cold insulation (code C) with Cellular Glass.
Clause 12.3 Joint Sealant / Adhesive Materials – Add to clause :
Requirements MANUFACTURER’s recommendations.
for sealants, adhesives, vapour barriers, mastics shall be as per
INSULATION
Clause 12.6 Metal jacketing – Substitute clause with:
Stainless steel jacketing shall be ASTM C1767 Grade 2 Class A. For offshore application and marine location SS316 cladding is required. It will include a factory applied internal polysurlyn moisture retardant coating and will be suitable for insulation codes C and CF.
For cryogenic/cold service in non-fire hazard areas (code C) the option of nonmetallic jacketing in the form of glass fibre reinforced epoxy or polyester, elastomeric, or reinforced elastomeric sheet may be considered as an alternative to metal jacketing. The product ULVA Shield which is a flexible polymeric jacketing system manufactured from CSPE (chlorosulphonated polyethylene) and includes an additional vapour barrier is suited to LNG applications.
Clause 13.1.6 Contraction Joints – Substitute clauses with:
Contraction joint for vertical piping shall be provided at each insulation support ring and/or top of vertical line.
One inch (25mm) spaces under the insulation supports and in contraction joint shall be filled with one lb/ft3 density fiberglass blanket. Uncompacted 3 inches (75mm) thick fiber glass shall be compacted to 1 inch (25mm) thick.
Construction of contraction joints will be defined in detailed design phase.
If flexible aerogel insulation (Cryogel Z) is selected, there is no need to design contraction joints as the material remains flexible even at cryogenic temperatures.
Clause 13.1.9 Tell-tale tubes – New clause:
All insulated flanges in the cryogenic service shall have a 1/4” ID (6.3mm), PTFE tell-tale tube extending from middle of the flange to outside the insulation jacket. The tube is used to test for flange/ gasket leakage during cryogenic testing prior to start up. This tube will be installed by INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR before application of the conventional insulation.
PTFE tubing shall be bent following the circumference of the flange and held in place with a Kapton tape or approved equivalent. Where line operating temperature are outside the PTFE material temperature limits, ¼’’ ID 316 SS tube shall be used as tell-tale material.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 17 OF 219
Clause 13.1.10 Thermal breaks – New clause:
All equipment supports shall be provided with thermal breaks between the support and external steelwork or foundations with Micarta NP 500CR Blocks or approved equivalent.
Thermal breaks for piping supports shall be provided with thermal breaks between the pipe support and external steelwork or foundations with Micarta NP 500CR Blocks or approved equivalent.
Metallic parts (insulation support clamp) inside the insulation shall be manufactured from austenitic stainless steel or other approved cryogenic material.
A vapor stop must be provided between any internal metallic surfaces and the thermal break. All these materials must be retained and installed in the as-delivered state by the INSULATION SUB-CONTRACTOR.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 18 OF 219
PART 3: ACOUSTIC INSULATION
Clause 15 Limitations and Exclusions of Acoustic Insulation – Substitute clause with:
This specification covers the minimum requirements for materials, fabrication, installation and application of sound control (acoustical) insulation on piping and equipment.
Clause 16.6.1 Porous Layer – Substitute paragraph with:
The porous layer(s) of sound control insulation shall be either:
a) Pre-formed mineral fiber with mass filled vinyl acoustic barrier (MFV)
b) Flexible aerogel insulation blankets from Aspen Aerogels, Inc. (Cryogel/Pyrogel) with mass loaded vinyl
(MLV)
In case of Acoustic and combined Hot and Acoustic insulation of 24’’ (and below) piping, all insulation shall be designed using Cryogel or Pyrogel flexible aerogel insulation from Aspen Aerogels which are also suitable for combined thermal and acoustic requirements. CONTRACTOR may submit alternative offers for other materials for consideration. In the case of combined Hot and Acoustic Insulation, the same material can be used for both purposes, provided the acoustical requirements of ISO 15665 specification are met. The thickness of the absorbent layer shall be determined by the more stringent of the two requirements.
In the case of Acoustic and combined Hot and Acoustic of 26’’ (and above) piping and equipment operating below 125°C, flexible aerogel insulation blankets from Aspen Aerogels, Inc. (Cryogel Z) shall be used.
In the case of Acoustic and combined Hot and Acoustic of 26’’(and above) piping operating above 125°C, all insulation shall be designed with a or several inner layer(s) of Pyrogel XTE and outer layers of Cryogel Z.
For Cold Acoustic Insulation, the porous layer shall be applied as an addition to the cold insulation. All acoustic insulation for Cryogenic/Cold service shall be encapsulated with an approved vapour barrier.
ACC and ACD insulation system can be designed with a combination of PIR and Mineral wool insulation materials.
The mineral fiber for sound control insulation on pipes shall be in accordance with ASTM C547 and the requirements of Annex C1.
Mineral wool board for valve and flange covers shall conform to ASTM C612, Type IV and the requirements of Annex C1.
Mass Filled Vinyl sheet or Mass Loaded Vinyl shall possess the following properties: density of 5.0 kg/m2 (1.0 lb/ft²) with minimum STC of 26 tested per ASTM E90 and service temperature range of –20°C to 93°C (-4°F to 200°F), Tensile strength of 2,750 kPa, Elongation 200%. MFV sheet must be non-metallic.
Clause 16.6.2 Jacketing – Substitute second paragraph with:
Metal jacketing for acoustic insulation shall follow the corresponding thermal insulation specification; i.e
a) Hot Acoustic Insulation must follow the metal jacketing requirement on the Hot Insulation in Part 1.
b) Cold Acoustic Acoustical insulation must follow the metal jacketing requirement on the Cold Insulation
in Part 2.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 19 OF 219
Where Aluminum jacketing is used over acoustical insulation, it shall be minimum 0.50 mm (0.020 in) thick for piping and equipment.
Where Stainless Steel jacketing is used, it shall be minimum 0.41mm (0.016 in) thick for piping and equipment. For passive fire protection applications utilizing Cryogel Z or Pyrogel XTF, stainless steel jacketing must be used. Thickness shall be 0.51 mm minimum for pool fire, and 0.81 mm minimum for jet fire.
Non-metallic jacketing with dampening properties may also be considered in non-fire hazard areas.
Clause 16.6.5 Insulation System and Performance Requirements – New clause
The porous layer(s) of sound control insulation shall be pre-formed mineral fiber or open-cell type flexible plastic foam. SUPPLIER shall ensure that his insulation system meets insertion loss requirements shown in Table 26.
When mineral wool is used, the porous layers thicknesses for classes C and D of acoustic insulation systems are shown in the Table C2 of Annex C. Sketches illustrating these typical arrangements of thermal acoustical insulation are shown in the same Annex C.
A similar table (table C3) has been developed by the MANUFACTURER of flexible aerogel blankets for the various acoustic classes combined with hot or cold insulation. A typical sequence of insulation materials for combined thermal and acoustic insulation using Pyrogel XTE (hot insulation) or Cryogel Z (cold insulation) are shown in Figures C4 and C5.
Clause 19.2 Extent of Insulation – Substitute clause with:
The P&ID, isometrics and the Piping Line identifies lines to be insulated for sound control per this specification.
Acoustical piping insulation shall start from the noise source such as the rotating equipment, valve or orifice plate and unless otherwise specified shall be carried over to first equipment but excluding that equipment.
Line valves, flanges and fittings on pipes receiving (AHC, AHD, ACC, ACD, AEC, AED, APC, APD) insulation shall be acoustically insulated.
Acoustical insulation shall cover all pipe supports, trunnions and structural steel members supporting the respective piping. Where installation is not possible, an RFI must be raised for resolution.
Suction and discharge nozzles and flanges of centrifugal compressors shall be insulated along with acoustical insulation of the piping.
Acoustical insulation on lines leading to vent silencers shall be extended to include bottom one-third section of the shell of the silencer.
Piping and equipment with handhole covers, cleaning holes with covers and manways including their flanges and nozzles shall be insulated.
Flanges should have a removable metal cover only if specified.
Insulated flange connections on lines in hydrocarbon service shall have tell-tale tubes to detect gas leaks. Refer to Cold and Hot Insulation Parts of this specification for further details on tell-tale scope.
Branch piping of main pipe requiring acoustical insulation shall be insulated up to the first normally closed valve.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 20 OF 219
Clause 19.3 Anti-vibration Seals – Substitute paragraph with:
At any locations, such as the edges of the cladding or end cap, where metal-to-metal contact would occur, RTV silicone sealant or vibro acoustic seal shall be applied to avoid metal to metal contact and sound transmission. RTV silicone sealant shall be minimum ¼’’ thick (6mm) between the metals. Ensure that the end cap terminates such that there is no contact with the pipe (approximately 1/8’’ (3mm) clearance required between end cap and pipe).
Section C – Other Requirements
Clause 20.3 Inspection – Add to clause 20.3.2:
All work and application defined in this specification will be subject to inspection at any stage by the designated CONTRACTOR/COMPANY Inspector, who will ensure that the work is being carried out in accordance with the requirements of this specification.
INSULATION SUBCONTRACTOR shall
The CONTRACTOR/COMPANY:
therefore submit
for Review and Approval by
an Insulation Procedure Specification (IPS) prior to start of any work. This should contain installation details and drawings for each type of item to be insulated showing buildup of each layer and materials used, data sheets, a method statement and CV of key personnel.
a insulation Quality Control Plan (QCP), covering all aspects of the insulation work, and compliant with CONTRACTOR insulation ITP.
Clause 20.3 Inspection – Add to clause 20.3.3:
Inspection of materials shall be made available to CONTRACTOR/COMPANY representative as and when required either at the SUPPLIER’s works or in the field. As a minimum requirement, the inspections shall be carried out in accordance with Table 11-1 of SOP010.
Clause 20.3 Testing – Substitute clause 20.3.7.2 with:
At CONTRACTOR’s discretion, materials shall be subject to testing and inspection at the manufacturing plant prior to shipment to ensure compliance with ASTM designated properties and this specification requirements.
Section D – Standard Drawings
Add:
Standard drawings shall be updated and adapted to the selected insulation materials. General construction and installation details with Aerogel insulation shall be developed during the EPC phase.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 21 OF 219
NEW ANNEX A – HOT INSULATION
Table A1: Physical properties of flexible aerogel blankets for hot insulation
Characteristics
Pyrogel XTE
ASTM C1728 Type III, Grade 1A
Bulk Density (kg/m3)
Thermal conductivity (ASTM C177 w/m.K) at 23.9°C at 37.8°C at 93.3°C at 149°C at 204°C at 260°C at 316°C at 371°C
200
0.021 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.029 0.032 0.036 0.043
Maximum operating temperature °C
649°C
Compressive Resistance min, @ 10% deformation, KPa
20.7
Linear shrinkage %
<2.0% max
(i) The material shall have a heat of combustion (HOC) no greater than 717 cal/g when tested per ISO 1716.
(ii) Each lot of material shall be accompanied by a certificate of analysis (CofA) showing, at minimum, the test results for that lot’s thermal conductivity and heat of combustion. A lot shall consist of no more than 10 cubic meters of insulation material.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 22 OF 219
Table A2: Pyrogel Flexible Aerogel Hot Insulation Thickness Table for Heat Conservation (H)
Pyrogel XTE Thicknesses (mm) for Heat Conservation
Process Temperature (°C)
XTE
XTE
XTE
XTE
XTE
20 to 100
101 to150
151 to 200
201 to 250
251 to 300
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
60
20
30
30
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
60
60
70
70
70
80
80
80
80
80
90
90
100
100
100
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
90
100
100
110
110
110
120
120
120
130
140
140
140
40
40
50
50
60
70
80
90
90
100
110
110
120
120
120
130
140
140
150
150
150
160
170
180
180
180
NPS (in)
1/2
3/4
1
1,5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
34
36
40
42
48
60
80
100
Flat
Hypothesis for thicknesses calculations:
All thicknesses are maximized with personnel protection requirement, hence maximum allowable temperature at external skin of insulation is 60°C. Calculation is performed using the “INCA” software and ASTM C680-14 method.
Hot insulation: Ambient temperature = 6°C; Wind Speed = 5 m/s Personnel protection: Ambient temperature = 51.2°C ; Wind Speed = 1,1 m/s; Maximum allowable temperature for PP cases = 60°C;
Jacket emissivity (metallic material) =0.2
All Thicknesses are rounded-up to the possible manufacturing and/or commercial availability
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 23 OF 219
Table A3: Pyrogel Flexible Aerogel Hot Insulation Thickness Table for Personnel Protection(PP):
Pyrogel XTE Thicknesses (mm) for Personnel protection
Process Temperature (°C)
XTE
XTE
XTE
XTE
XTE
61 to 100
101 to150
151 to 200
201 to 250
251 to 300
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
60
20
30
30
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
60
60
70
70
70
80
80
80
80
80
90
90
100
100
90
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
90
100
100
110
110
110
120
120
120
130
140
140
140
40
40
50
50
60
70
80
90
90
100
110
110
120
120
120
130
140
140
150
150
150
160
170
180
180
180
NPS (in)
1/2
3/4
1
1,5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
34
36
40
42
48
60
80
100
Flat
Hypothesis for thicknesses calculations:
Calculation is performed using the “INCA” software and ASTM C680-14 method.
Personnel protection: Ambient temperature = 51.2°C ; Wind Speed = 1,1 m/s; Maximum allowable temperature for PP cases = 60°C;
Jacket emissivity (metallic material) =0.2
All Thicknesses are rounded-up to the possible manufacturing and/or commercial availability
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 24 OF 219
Table A4: Mesh Guard Thickness (Distance) Table for Personnel Protection(PP)1:
Mesh Guard distance from pipe (mm) for Personnel protection
Process Temperature (°C)
Mesh Guard
Mesh Guard
Mesh Guard
Mesh Guard
61 to 100
101 to150
151 to 200
201 to 250
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
NPS (in)
1/2
3/4
1
1,5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
34
36
40
42
48
60
80
100
Flat
Note 1 : Table A4 is a detailed version of Table 6 of section 8.3.4.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 25 OF 219
NEW ANNEX B – COLD INSULATION
Table B1 - Characteristics of Polyisocyanurate (PIR): ASTM C591
Characteristics
Bulk Density( kg/m3) (ASTM D1622)
Thermal conductivity (ASTM C518) W/mK at -200°C at -120°C at -80°C at -70°C at -50°C at – 30°C at -15°C at 0°C at 20°C at 50°C at 100°C at 140°C
Values
50
0.0140 0.0174 0,0207 0,0215 0,0227 0,0238 0,0215 0,0189 0,0185 0,0221 0,0295 0,0355
Operating temperature, °C
+120 to -200
Compressive Strength, kPa at 23°C (ASTM D1621) Parallel Perpendicular
Tensile Strength, kPa at 23°C (ASTM D1623) Parallel Perpendicular
Closed Cell content (ASTM D2856 Method B)/ (BS 4370 part-II)
Water Vapor Permeability, ng/Pa.s.m2 (ASTM E96)
Linear Dimensional Stability, % (ASTM D2126) +93°C for 24 hours -30°C for 24 hours +70°C for 48 hours & 95% RH
340 min. 230 min.
510 min. 400 min
95 min.
5.5max.
1 max. 1 max. 3 max.
PIR insulation shall be the COMPANY approved insulation material for all cryogenic/cold service and should be capable of forming and maintaining a protective char structure which remains intact when its protective jacket is exposed to 650°C - 750°C direct flame impingement temperature for a minimum of 15 minutes.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 26 OF 219
Foams formulated with fire retardant additives which results in the product having an acidic pH shall not be acceptable.
Each batch of foam shall pass the following acceptance criteria tests to be performed by manufacturer on the account of the CONTRACTOR and submitted to the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY for review and approval.
Surface spread of flame shall be in accordance with BS 476 Part 7, Class 1, UL-94, ASTM D3014 Self- extinguishing.
Residual weight of sample shall be a minimum of 90% isocyanurates when tested in accordance with ASTM D3014.
Dimensional tolerances shall be as per following:
• Thickness +1mm at 8 positions, 3 at each end (3, 6 & 9 O’clock) and 2 at the center of the
section.
• Length +3mm at three positions (3, 6 & 9 O’clock)
• Diameter +1.5mm, -0.0mm at 3 positions each end and center.
Table B2 – Characteristics of Flexible Aerogel cold insulation: ASTM C1728 Type I, Grade 1B
Characteristics
Bulk density (kg/m3)
Thermal conductivity (ASTM C177) W/m.K
at -129°C at -73.3°C at -17.8°C at 23.9°C at 37.8°C at 93.3°C
Maximum operating temperature, °C
Compressive Resistance min. @10% deformation, kPa
Cryogel Z
ASTM C1728 Type I, Grade 1B
160
0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.019
125
34.5
Linear shrinkage, %
<2.0 max
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 27 OF 219
Table B3: Characteristics of Cellular Glass
Characteristics
Average Density, kg/m3 (ASTM C303)
Thermal conductivity, w/m.K (ASTM C518/ASTM C177)
at 0°C at 10°C at 24°C
Cellular Glass
ASTM C552
125
0.039 0.040 0.042
Operating Temperature, °C
-268 to 482
Compressive Strength, kPa (ASTM 165/240)
Absorption of Moisture, (Water % by Volume) (ASTM C240)
620
0.2
Water Vapor Permeability, ng/(Pa.s.m2) (ASTM E96)
5.5 max
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 28 OF 219
TABLE B4 – PIR Thickness Table for Cold Insulation (C) and Cold Personnel Protection (PPC) Service
NPS (in)
1/2
3/4
1
1,5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
34
36
40
42
48
60
80
100
Flat
0 to -20
-21 to-40
-41 to -60
-61 to -80
-81 to -100
-101 to -120
-121 to -140
-141 to -160
-161 to -180
Process Temperature (°C)
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
40
40
50
50
50
60
60
60
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
80
80
80
80
50
50
50
60
60
70
70
70
80
80
80
80
80
80
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
100
60
60
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
90
90
90
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
110
110
110
110
110
60
70
70
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
100
110
110
110
110
110
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
130
130
70
70
70
80
80
90
100
100
110
110
110
120
120
120
120
120
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
140
150
150
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
110
120
120
120
120
130
130
130
130
140
140
140
140
140
140
150
160
160
160
80
80
80
90
100
100
110
120
120
130
130
130
140
140
140
140
150
150
150
150
150
150
160
170
180
180
80
80
90
100
100
110
110
120
130
130
140
140
140
150
150
150
160
160
160
160
160
170
170
190
200
200
Hypothesis for thicknesses calculations:
All thicknesses are maximized with anti-condensation requirement. Calculation is performed using the “INCA” software and ASTM C680-14 method.
Heat Gain Limit: 29 W/m2
Cold insulation: Ambient temperature = 51°C; Wind Speed = 4 m/s Anti-condensation: Ambient temperature = 6°C ; Wind Speed = 1,1 m/s; RH=70%RH
Jacket emissivity (metallic material) =0.2 All Thicknesses are rounded-up to the possible manufacturing and/or commercial availability
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 29 OF 219
Table B5 – CRYOGEL Z THICKNESS TABLE FOR INSULATION (C) SERVICE
Process Temperature (°C)
0 to -20
-21 to-40
-41 to -60
-61 to -80
-81 to -100
-101 to -120
-121 to -140
-141 to -160
-161 to -180
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
40
40
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
70
70
70
70
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
90
50
50
60
60
60
70
70
80
80
80
80
80
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
100
100
60
60
60
70
70
70
80
80
90
90
90
90
90
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
110
110
110
60
60
70
70
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
100
100
100
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
120
120
120
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
100
110
110
110
110
110
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
130
130
140
140
70
70
70
80
80
90
100
100
110
110
120
120
120
120
120
120
130
130
130
130
130
130
140
150
160
160
NPS (in)
1/2
3/4
1
1,5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
34
36
40
42
48
60
80
100
Flat
Hypothesis for thicknesses calculations:
All thicknesses are maximized with anti-condensation requirement. Calculation is performed using the “INCA” software and ASTM C680-14 method.
Heat Gain Limit: 29 W/m2
Cold insulation: Ambient temperature = 51°C; Wind Speed = 4 m/s Anti-condensation: Ambient temperature = 6°C ; Wind Speed = 1,1 m/s; RH=70%RH
Jacket emissivity (metallic material) =0.2 All Thicknesses are rounded-up to the possible manufacturing and/or commercial availability
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 30 OF 219
Table B6 – THICKNESS TABLE FOR COLD INSULATION (CF) SERVICE
INSULATION MATERIAL: CELLULAR GLASS PLUS 25 mm THICK CERAMIC FIBER INSULATION THICKNESS, mm
Pipe Size (in)
16 to- 17
-18 to 31
-32 to- 45
-46 to- 59
-60 to- 73
-73 to - 87
-87 to -101
-101 to -114
-115 to -128
-129 to -142
-143 to -156
-157 to -170
-171 to -184
Operating Temperature (oC)
1/2”
40+25
40+25
40+25
50+25
50+25
65+25
65+25
65+25
65+25
65+25
65+25
75+25
90+25
3/4”
40+25
40+25
50+25
65+25
65+25
65+25
65+25
75+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
1”
40+25
50+25
50+25
65+25
65+25
75+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
1.5”
50+25
50+25
50+25
65+25
65+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
2”
50+25
50+25
65+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
2.5”
50+25
50+25
65+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
3”
50+25
65+25
65+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
3.5”
50+25
65+25
65+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
4”
50+25
65+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
4.5”
50+25
65+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
6”
8”
50+25
65+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
65+25
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
10”
65+25
75+25
75+25
90+25
115+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
150+25
165+25
12”
65+25
75+25
90+25
90+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
140+25
150+25
150+25
165+25
165+25
14”
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
165+25
180+25
16”
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
125+25
140+25
150+25
150+25
165+25
165+25
180+25
18”
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
165+25
180+25
180+25
20”
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
165+25
180+25
180+25
24”
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
150+25
150+25
165+25
180+25
180+25
190+25
28”
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
165+25
180+25
190+25
190+25
30”
65+25
75+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
165+25
180+25
190+25
190+25
32”
65+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
180+25
180+25
190+25
190+25
36”
65+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
180+25
180+25
190+25
190+25
42”
65+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
180+25
180+25
190+25
190+25
48”
65+25
90+25
100+25
115+25
125+25
140+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
180+25
180+25
190+25
190+25
48” to FLA T
75+25
90+25
100+25
125+25
140+25
150+25
165+25
180+25
190+25
205+25
215+25
215+25
230+25
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 31 OF 219
NEW ANNEX C – ACOUSTIC INSULATION
ANNEX C1: MINERAL WOOL FOR COMBINED COLD AND ACOUSTICAL INSULATION
Mineral Wool Pipe Covering
Pipe sections shall conform to ASTMC547, Type II, Grade A for use to 650°C (1200°F), 128 kg/m3 (8 lb/ft3) minimum delivered density without adjusting for shot content with following amendments:
a. Composition - Only natural mineral substances may be used as raw materials. Mineral wool made from slag are not acceptable because of their high impurity content. Asbestos-containing materials are not acceptable.
b. Dimensions - Individual dimensions and nesting thickness’ shall be in accordance with ASTM C585. The inside diameter of the pipe sections shall be slightly oversized (approximately 2 mm) in order to avoid gaps in hot service.
c. Shot Content – Cumulative shot (non-fibrous material) content shall not exceed 10 % by weight when
tested per ASTM C1335. No downside tolerance from 10% shall be made.
d. Thermal Conductivity - Thermal conductivity shall be measured per ASTM C335 and shall not exceed
maximum values listed as below:
Mean Temperature °C (°F) 50 (92) 100 (212) 150 (302) 200 (392) 250 (482) 300 (572) 350 (662)
Thermal Conductivity W/mK (Btu.in/ft°-h°F)
0.039 (0.27) 0.044 (0.305) 0.050 (0.347) 0.057 (0.395) 0.065 (0.451) 0.075 (0.52) 0.087 (0.603)
e. Chloride Content - The chloride content of the insulation material shall not exceed 10 ppm when tested
per criteria given in ASTM C795 and test procedures described in ASTM C871.
f. Combustibility - The insulation material shall be non-combustible in accordance with the procedure listed
in ASTM E136.
g. Flame Spread and Smoke Development - The insulation material shall have a maximum flame spread
index of 5, fuel contribution of 5 and smoke development of 5.
h. Water Repellency - The insulation material shall be water repellent. When tested in accordance with
BS2972, the water absorption shall be no more than 1% volume. (This property is desired to minimize the cost of jobsite protection of insulation material from rain water and high humidity.
i. pH – pH level of material shall be between 6 and 10.5.
j. Flow Resistivity – Flow resistivity shall be between 20,000 and 75,000 Ns/m4 (48.54-145.63 lb s/ft4).
k. Mechanical Stiffness – The mechanical stiffness per unit area shall be less than 105/t N/m3 (637/t lb/ft3)
where t is the thickness in meters (inches) of the porous layer.
l. There shall be no adjustment to specified minimum density due to shot content.
m. Manufacturer shall certify above properties and submit certification to Contractor.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
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SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
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REVISION: 1
PAGE 32 OF 219
Mineral Wool Block and Board
The block and board shall comply with the following minimum requirements:
a. The block and board shall be furnished in accordance with ASTM C612, Class IV-B and shall be rated for
650°C (1200°F) continuous use temperatures.
b. The block and board shall have a minimum density of 128 kg/m3 (8 lb/ft3). Cumulative shot (non-fibrous
material) content shall not exceed 10% by weight when tested per ASTM C1335. No downside tolerance from 10% shall be made.
c. Material composition, flammability, pH, chloride content, combustibility, water repellency, flow resistivity, and mechanical stiffness per unit area requirements shall be the same as the requirements listed in section I of this attachment.
Mineral Wool Blanket
The mineral fiber blanket shall comply with the following minimum requirements:
a. The blanket shall be furnished in accordance with ASTM C533, Class VII and shall be rated for 650°C
(1200°F) continuous use temperatures.
b. Material composition, flammability, pH, chloride content, combustibility, water repellency, flow resistivity, and mechanical stiffness per unit area requirements shall be the same as the requirements listed in section I of this attachment.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 33 OF 219
TABLE C2: Mineral Wool Sound Control Insulation Systems
Class
Material Description
Value
Securement (Band spacing)
Cold Insulation
PIR
Vapor Barrier
B100
Mineral Wool
As specified
As specified
One layer min. overlap 2”
2 x 50 mm (4 inches)
Follow Cold Insulation Specification
ACC
MFV
< DN 300 (NPS 12)
1.5 lb/ft2 sheet, min. overlap 3’’
= DN 300 (NPS 12)
2.0 lb/ft2 (2 sheets of 1 lb/ft2), min. overlap 3’’
Insulation OD < 6” SS ½’’ band Insulation OD > 6’’ SS ¾’’ band
Vapor Barrier
B100
One layer min. overlap 2”
Metal Jacketing
Follow Cold Insulation Specification
As per cold specification, min. overlap 2”
Insulation OD < 6” SS 1/2” band Insulation OD > 6’’ SS ¾’’ band
Cold Insulation
PIR
As specified.
As specified
Vapor Barrier
B100
One layer minimum overlap 2”
ACD
Mineral Wool First layer
50 mm (2 inches)
Follow Cold Insulation Specification
MFV 1st layer
1.0 lb/ft2 sheet, min. overlap 3’’
Insulation OD < 6” SS 1/2” band Insulation OD > 6’’ SS ¾’’ band
Mineral Wool 2nd layer
50 mm (2 inches)
Follow Cold Insulation Specification
MFV
< DN 650 (NPS 26)
1.5 lb/ft2 sheet, min. overlap 3’’
= DN 650 (NPS 26)
2.0 lb/ft2 (2 sheets of 1 lb/ft2), min. overlap 3’’
Insulation OD < 6” SS 1/2” band Insulation OD > 6’’ SS ¾’’ band
Vapor Barrier
B100
One layer min. overlap 2”
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
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REVISION: 1
PAGE 34 OF 219
TABLE C3: Flexible Aerogel Sound Control Insulation Systems
Class
Pipe Size Range
Insulation 1 Type
Insulation 2 Type
MLV
Jacketing
≤ DN 300 (NPS 12)
DN 300 (NPS 12) to DN 600 (NPS 24)
40 mm (4 x 10 mm) of Pyrogel XTE
AC
DN 600 (NPS 24) T<125°C
60 mm (6 x 10 mm) of Cryogel Z
N/A
N/A
Pyrogel XTE (thicknesses as per Table A2)
60 mm (6 x 10 mm) Cryogel Z
DN600 (NPS 24) T>125°C
≤ DN 300 (NPS 12)
DN 300 (NPS 12) to DN600 (NPS 24
100 mm (10 x 10 mm) of Pyrogel XTE
N/A
N/A
AD
DN600 (NPS 24) T<125°C
60 mm (6 x 10 mm) of Cryogel Z
DN600 (NPS 24) T>125°C
Pyrogel XTE (thicknesses as per Table A2)
60 mm (6 x 10 mm) Cryogel Z
15 kg/m2 (3x 5 kg/m2 sheets)
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 5, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 10
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 15 kg/m2 (3x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 15 kg/m2 (3x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
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SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
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REVISION: 1
PAGE 35 OF 219
TABLE C3 (Con’t): Flexible Aerogel Sound Control Insulation Systems
Class Pipe Size Range
Insulation 1 Type
Insulation 2 Type MLV
Jacketing
≤ DN 300 (NPS 12)
DN 300 (NPS 12) to DN600 (NPS 24)
40 mm (4 x 10 mm)2 of Pyrogel XTE
AHC
DN600 (NPS 24) T<125°C
60 mm (6 x 10 mm)2 of Cryogel Z
N/A
N/A
DN600 (NPS 24) T>125°C
≤ DN 300 (NPS 12)
Pyrogel XTE (thicknesses as per Table A2)
60 mm (6 x 10 mm) Cryogel Z
DN 300 (NPS 12) to DN600 (NPS 24)
100 mm (10 x 10 mm) 2 of Pyrogel XTE
AHD
DN600 (NPS 24) T<125°C
60 mm (6 x 10 mm) of Cryogel Z
N/A
N/A
DN600 (NPS 24) T>125°C
Pyrogel XTE (thicknesses as per Table A2)
60 mm (6 x 10 mm) Cryogel Z
15 kg/m2 (3x 5 kg/m2 sheets)
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 5, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 10
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 15 kg/m2 (3x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 15 kg/m2 (3x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.5 mm (0.020”) Aluminium sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
NOTE 1: For AHC and AHD systems operating over 100°C, the interface temperatures must be calculated to ensure MLV does not exceed 100°C. If the interface temperature is too high, additional layers of Pyrogel XTE may be added beneath the acoustic system to lower the interface temperatures.
NOTE 2: Overall thickness shall be increased to the thermal thickness specified in Table A2 if thermal thicknesses are larger than acoustic ones
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
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REVISION: 1
PAGE 36 OF 219
TABLE C3 (Con’t): Flexible Aerogel Sound Control Insulation Systems
Class Pipe Size Range
Insulation 1 Type
Insulation 2 Type MLV
Jacketing
≤ DN 300 (NPS 12)
DN 300 (NPS 12) to DN600 (NPS 24)
ACC
50 mm(5 x 10 mm) of Cryogel Z
DN600 (NPS 24)
60 mm(6 x 10 mm) of Cryogel Z
≤ DN 300 (NPS 12)
DN 300 (NPS 12) to DN600 (NPS 24)
ACD
60 mm(6 x 10 mm) of Cryogel Z
DN600 (NPS 24)
60 mm(6 x 10 mm) of Cryogel Z
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets)
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
10 kg/m2 (2x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 3, 15 kg/m2 (3x 5 kg/m2 sheets) at layer 6
0.41 mm(0.020”) SS sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
0.41 mm(0.020”) SS sheet. 1.4 kg/m2 areal mass
NOTE 1: For AHC and AHD systems operating over 100°C, the interface temperatures must be calculated to ensure MLV does not exceed 100°C. If the interface temperature is too high, additional layers of Pyrogel XTE may be added beneath the acoustic system to lower the interface temperatures.
NOTE 2: Overall thickness shall be increased to the thermal thickness specified in Table A2 if thermal thicknesses are larger than acoustic ones.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
215122C-000-JSD-2200-0001
REVISION: 1
PAGE 37 OF 219
Figure C4: Typical arrangement of combined hot and acoustic insulation using Pyrogel XTE blankets, MLV sheets and an Aluminum jacket.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
RUWAIS LNG PROJECT
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
COMPANY DOCUMENT REF.
RLNG-000-MT-SP-2201
CONTRACTOR DOC. REF.
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REVISION: 1
PAGE 38 OF 219
Figure C5: Typical arrangement of combined cold and acoustic insulation using Cryogel Z blankets, MLV sheets and an Aluminum jacket.
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
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PAGE 39 OF 219
ANNEX C6: General Construction of Cold Acoustic Insulation using mineral wool
a) Class ACC - PIR + Mineral wool
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PAGE 40 OF 219
b) Class ACD – PIR + Mineral Wool
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PAGE 41 OF 219
3.0
APPENDIX
3.1
APPENDIX 1 - AGES-SP-09-008 INSULATION
The terms of Contract / Agreement No: CON22-146 shall apply for any disclosure of this document to any third party.
ADNOC Classification: Internal
THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
ADNOC GROUP PROJECTS AND ENGINEERING
INSULATION
Specification
APPROVED BY:
NAME: Abdulmunim Al Kindy
TITLE: Executive Director PT&CS
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AGES-SP-09-008
All parties consent to this document being signed electronically -PT&CS/GP/INT/2022/241024/02/2022
ADNOC Classification: Internal
GROUP PROJECTS & ENGINEERING / PT&CS DIRECTORATE
CUSTODIAN ADNOC
Group Projects & Engineering / PT&CS Specification applicable to ADNOC & ADNOC Group Companies
REVISION HISTORY
DATE
REV. NO
PREPARED BY
(Designation / Initial)
REVIEWED BY (Designation / Initial)
ENDORSED BY
ENDORSED BY
(Designation / Initial)
(Designation / Initial)
27-Jan-2022
1
Arun Kumar Mehta
Sr. SPLT Piping
Mahmoud Abdel Hakim/ HOD Pipelines Eng. – GP&E
Najem Qambar/ VP Group Eng.- GP&E
Ebraheem AlRomaithi / SVP- GP&E
Reuben Yagambaram/ Mgr. Offshore Portfolio - GP&E
Ali Al Breiki/ VP Upstream Projects- GP&E
Group Projects & Engineering is the owner of this Specification and responsible for its custody, maintenance and periodic update.
In addition, Group Projects & Engineering is responsible for communication and distribution of any changes to this Specification and its version control.
This specification will be reviewed and updated in case of any changes affecting the activities described in this document.
AGES-SP-09-008
Rev. No: 1 Page 2 of 3
16/02/2022All parties consent to this document being signed electronically -PT&CS/GP/INT/2022/241016/02/202223/02/2022
ADNOC Classification: Internal
INTER-RELATIONSHIPS AND STAKEHOLDERS
The following are inter-relationships for implementation of this Specification:
i. ADNOC Upstream and ADNOC Downstream Industry, Marketing & Trading Directorate
ii. ADNOC Onshore, ADNOC, ADNOC Sour Gas, ADNOC Gas Processing. ADNOC LNG, ADNOC
Refining, ADNOC Fertilisers, Borouge, Al Dhafra Petroleum, Al Yasat.
The following are stakeholders for the purpose of this Specification:
iii. ADNOC PT&CS Directorate
This Specification has been approved by the ADNOC PT&CS is to be implemented by each ADNOC Group COMPANY included above subject to and in accordance with their Delegation of Authority and other governance-related processes in order to ensure compliance.
Each ADNOC Group COMPANY must establish/nominate a Technical Authority responsible for
compliance with this Specification.
DEFINITIONS
“ADNOC” means Abu Dhabi National Oil Company.
“ADNOC Group” means ADNOC together with each company in which ADNOC, directly or indirectly, controls fifty percent (50%) or more of the share capital.
“Approving Authority” means the decision-making body or employee with the required authority to approve Policies & Procedures or any changes to it.
“Business Line Directorates” or “BLD” means a directorate of ADNOC which is responsible for one or more Group Companies reporting to, or operating within the same line of business as, such directorate.
“Business Support Directorates and Functions” or “Non- BLD” means all the ADNOC functions and the remaining directorates, which are not ADNOC Business Line Directorates.
“CEO” means chief executive officer.
“Group Company” means any company within the ADNOC Group other than ADNOC.
“Specification” means this Marine and Coastal Geotechnical Investigation Specification.
CONTROLLED INTRANET COPY
The intranet copy of this document located in the section under Group Policies on One ADNOC is the only controlled document. Copies or extracts of this document, which have been downloaded from the intranet, are uncontrolled copies and cannot be guaranteed to be the latest version.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL … 10
INTRODUCTION … 10
PURPOSE … 10
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS … 10
EXCEPTION … 13
LANGUAGE … 14
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT … 14
SECTION A - GENERAL … 15
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS … 15
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS … 15
INTERNATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS … 15
ADNOC SPECIFICATIONS, STANDARD DRAWINGS AND OTHER REFERENCES … 19
PRECEDENCE … 21
SPECIFICATION DEVIATION / CONCESSION CONTROL … 21
SECTION B – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS … 22
GENERAL … 22
THERMAL INSULATION… 22
ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 23
PROTECTIVE COATING… 23
IDENTIFICATION OF SERVICES … 23
IDENTIFICATION OF INSULATION REQUIREMENTS … 23
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS … 23
PART 1: HOT INSULATION … 25
GENERAL … 25
LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF HOT INSULATION… 25
MATERIALS AND DESIGN … 26
MATERIALS … 26
THICKNESS OF HOT INSULATION … 29
PERSONNEL PROTECTION … 31
EXTERNAL JACKETING … 33
HARDWARE … 34
STUDS … 35
APPLICATION OF HOT INSULATION … 35
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS … 35
APPLICATION OF HOT INSULATION TO PIPEWORK AND FITTINGS … 36
APPLICATION OF JACKETING TO PIPEWORK AND FITTINGS … 39
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APPLICATION OF HOT INSULATION TO VESSELS AND EXCHANGERS … 41
WEATHERPROOFING APPLICATION … 42
HOT SERVICE INSULATION OF TANKS … 44
APPLICATION OF INSULATION FOR IRREGULAR SURFACES… 45
INSPECTION WINDOWS … 46
PART 2: COLD INSULATION … 48
GENERAL … 48
COLD INSULATION CLASIFICATION … 48
INSULATION SYSTEM … 48
PIPING AND EQUIPMENT … 49
EXTENT OF INSULATION … 49
PERSONNEL PROTECTION (COLD SERVICE) … 50
LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF COLD INSULATION … 50
MATERIALS AND DESIGN … 50
INSULATION MATERIALS … 50
THICKNESS OF INSULATION … 56
JOINT SEALANT/ ADHESIVE MATERIALS … 61
VAPOUR BARRIER … 63
ACCESSORY MATERIALS … 67
METAL JACKETING … 68
CHLORIDE BARRIER … 68
APPLICATION OF COLD INSULATION … 68
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS … 68
APPLICATION OF COLD INSULATION TO PIPEWORK AND FITTINGS … 70
PIPE SUPPORTS … 73
FITTINGS, VALVES, FLANGES AND INTRICATE SHAPES … 74
MECHANICAL CONTRACTION JOINTS FOR BELLOW EXPANSION JOINTS … 75
APPLICATION OF COLD INSULATION TO VESSELS, AND EQUIPMENT … 76
INSULATION OF SPHERES … 78
FIRE PROTECTION INSULATION (CELLULAR GLASS) … 78
PART 3: ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 79
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS … 79
LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 79
MATERIALS AND DESIGN … 79
ACOUSTICAL DESIGN … 79
ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 79
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS … 80
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OBJECTIVES OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 80
CLASSES OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 80
MATERIALS … 83
NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING ASPECTS … 85
REQUIRED ATTENUATION - DESIGN PHASE … 85
REQUIRED ATTENUATION - OPERATING UNITS … 86
CHOICE OF ACOUSTICAL INSULATION … 88
RESTRICTION IN APPLICATION … 90
IMPLICATIONS FOR PIPING DESIGN … 90
APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 91
GENERAL … 91
EXTENT OF INSULATION … 91
ANTI-VIBRATION SEALS … 91
END CAPS … 91
ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURES … 91
EARTHING OF JACKETING … 92
PREVENTION OF MECHANICAL DAMAGE … 92
COMBINED THERMAL AND ACOUSTICAL INSULATION … 92
SECTION C – OTHER REQUIREMENTS … 93
QUALITY CONTROL … 93
QUALITY ASSURANCE/MANAGEMENT SYSTEM … 93
QUALITY PLAN … 93
INSPECTION … 94
APPROVAL OF INSULATION CONTRACTORS … 97
PACKING, SHIPPING, PRESERVATION, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL … 97
PACKAGING AND SHIPPING … 97
GENERAL STORAGE COMPOUND … 97
TRANSFERS TO WORKPLACE … 98
DISPOSAL … 98
DOCUMENTATION/MANUFACTURER DATA RECORDS … 98
DOCUMENTATION … 98
GUARANTEES & WARRANTY … 100
GENERAL … 100
SECTION D – STANDARD DRAWINGS … 101
SECTION E – APPENDICES … 102
E1 : HOT INSULATION … 106
APPENDIX 1 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF STUD COLLAR (SPACER RINGS) … 106
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APPENDIX 2 - CIRCUMFERENTIAL JOINT OVERLAP (BALL SWAGED) AND SEAL … 107
APPENDIX 3 - INSULATION BOX FOR A FLANGE CONNECTION … 108
APPENDIX 4 - TRUNNION SUPPORTS AT BEND AND ELBOWS (TRACED OR UNTRACED
PIPING) … 109
APPENDIX 5 - INSULATION BOX FOR A FLANGED VALVE … 110
APPENDIX 6 - HOUSING DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENTS … 111
APPENDIX 7 - TYPICAL METHOD FOR INSULATING HEAT TRACED PIPEWORK… 112
APPENDIX 8 - PIPE HANGERS AND SUPPORT … 113
APPENDIX 9 - PIPE INSULATION (CALCIUM SILICATE), SINGLE LAYER … 114
APPENDIX 10 - PIPE INSULATION (FIBROUS - 1 PIECE), SINGLE LAYER … 115
APPENDIX 11 - PIPE INSULATION (FIBROUS - 2 PIECE), SINGLE LAYER … 116
APPENDIX 12 - WEATHERPROOFING OF ELBOWS … 117
APPENDIX 13 - WEATHERPROOFING OF TEES AND STUB-INS … 118
APPENDIX 14 - INSULATION SUPPORT - VERTICAL PIPING … 119
APPENDIX 15 - CHINA HAT (WEATHERPROOFING) … 120
APPENDIX 16 - INSULATED SCREWED OR SOCKET WELDED VALVE … 121
APPENDIX 17- INSULATION TERMINATION AT FLANGES … 122
APPENDIX 18 - INSULATION TERMINATION AT A FLANGED VALVE … 123
APPENDIX 19 - INSULATION TERMINATION AT A WELDED VALVE … 124
APPENDIX 20 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (WITHOUT SHOES) … 125
APPENDIX 21 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (SINGLE WEB SHOE)… 126
APPENDIX 22 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (DOUBLE WEB SHOE)… 127
APPENDIX 23 - INSULATED PIPE AT A SUPPORT POINT (INSIDE CRADLE) … 128
APPENDIX 24 - INSULATED PIPE AT HANGER ROD … 129
APPENDIX 25 - INSULATED VESSEL - SUPPORT RING AND BOTTOM HEAD DETAIL (WITH A
HOT BOX) … 130
APPENDIX 26 - INSULATED VESSEL - SUPPORT RING AND BOTTOM HEAD DETAIL (WITHOUT A
HOT BOX) … 131
APPENDIX 27 - VESSEL INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING … 132
APPENDIX 28 - HORIZONTAL VESSEL INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFINGG… 133
APPENDIX 29 - SEALING PLATES AT NOZZLE PROJECTIONS OF VESSELS, EQUIPMENT AND
PIPING … 134
APPENDIX 30 - SUPPORT PINS FOR BLANKET INSULATION ON HORIZONTAL VESSELS … 135
APPENDIX 31- INSULATION OF MANWAYS OR NOZZLES WITH BOXES … 136
APPENDIX 32 - INSULATION AT HORIZONTAL NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION … 137
APPENDIX 33 - INSULATION AT VERTICAL UP NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION … 138
APPENDIX 34 - INSULATION AT A VERTICAL DOWN NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION … 139
APPENDIX 35 - INSULATION AT A HORIZONTAL MANWAY … 140
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APPENDIX 36 - INSULATION AT A VERTICAL MANWAY … 141
APPENDIX 37A - INSULATED TANK … 142
APPENDIX 37B – SULPHUR TANK INSULATION DETAILS … 143
APPENDIX 38 - INSULATED TANK AT PENCIL ROD … 144
APPENDIX 39- INSULATED TANK ROOF … 145
APPENDIX 40 - DETAIL OF MESH GUARDS FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION … 146
E2 : COLD INSULATION … 147
APPENDIX 41 - DETAILS FOR INSULATION SYSTEMS … 147
APPENDIX 42 - VAPOR STOP DETAILS … 148
APPENDIX 43 - INSULATION ATTACHMENT METHOD ON DOMED ENDS … 149
APPENDIX 44 - TYPICAL DETAILS OF METALLIC JACKETING AND ATTACHMENT METHODS
FOR PIPING (LOBSTER BACK) … 150
APPENDIX 45 - VALVE INSULATION DETAILS … 151
APPENDIX 46 - MANHOLE COVER INSULATION DETAILS … 152
APPENDIX 47 - HORIZONTAL CONTRACTION JOINT DETAILS … 153
APPENDIX 48 - VERTICAL CONTRACTION JOINT DETAIL AT A SUPPORT RING … 154
APPENDIX 49 - CONTRACTION JOINT DETAIL FOR A ‘BELLOWS’ EXPANSION JOINT … 155
APPENDIX 50A - DETAILS FOR THE EXTENT OF INSULATION ALONG EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS156
APPENDIX 50B - PIPE TRUNNION SUPPORT INSULATION DETAIL … 157
APPENDIX 51 - VESSEL CLIP INSULATION DETAILS … 158
APPENDIX 52 - DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES FOR INSTALLATION OF PREFORMED SECTIONS
OF PUF/PIR COLD INSULATION … 159
APPENDIX 53 - PIPE SUPPORT INSULATION WITH VAPOUR BARRIER PROTECTION SHIELD
AND STRUCTURAL CRADLE … 160
APPENDIX 54 - HANGER FOR INSULATED PIPEWORK PIPE SUPPORT … 161
APPENDIX 55 - GAS LEAK DETECTION HOSES … 162
APPENDIX 56 - CONTRACTION GAP BETWEEN PIPE/EQUIPMENT SURFACE AND INNER LAYER
OF PUF (FOR PREFORMED PIPE SECTIONS ONLY) … 163
E3 : ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 164
APPENDIX 57 - GENERAL COMPOSITION OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 164
APPENDIX 58 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION SHOWING JACKETING
AND END CAP … 165
APPENDIX 59 - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS - END CAPS … 166
APPENDIX 60 - END CAP AT PIPE END … 167
APPENDIX 61 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR BRANCHES AND TEES … 168
APPENDIX 62 - ARRANGEMENT FOR THE ACOUSTIC INSULATION OF FLANGED JOINTS … 169
APPENDIX 63 - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS — END CAPS OF BOXES … 170
APPENDIX 64 - SUPPORT FOR VERTICAL PIPE … 171
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APPENDIX 65 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR JACKETING… 172
APPENDIX 66 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR JACKETING SUPPORTS … 173
APPENDIX 67 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR VIBRATION-ISOLATED JACKETING AND
INSULATION SUPPORTS IN VERTICAL PIPES … 174
APPENDIX 68 - DERIVATION OF INSERTION LOSS IN TERMS OF DB(A) … 175
APPENDIX 69 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURE FOR A VALVE … 178
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS … 12
TABLE 2 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INSULANTS, HOT INSULATION MATERIALS - WATER
REPELLENT MINERAL WOOL … 27
TABLE 3 FORM OF INSULATION … 28
TABLE 4 TYPICAL ECONOMIC THICKNESS FOR HOT INSULATION MATERIAL … 30
TABLE 5 INSULATION THICKNESS REQUIRED FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION … 32
TABLE 6 MINIMUM DISTANCES BETWEEN HOT SURFACES AND HEAT GUARDS … 33
TABLE 7 JACKETING THICKNESS … 33
TABLE 8 SURFACE PROFILE (CONFIGURATION) OF THE JACKETING … 34
TABLE 9 SCREW SPECIFICATIONS … 34
TABLE 10 INSULATION LAYERS STAGGERING … 36
TABLE 11 EXPANSION SPRINGS … 43
TABLE 12 IN-SITU MOULDED/DISPENSED PUF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES … 54
TABLE 13 PUF INSULATION THICKNESS (MM) … 58
TABLE 14 CELLULAR GLASS- INSULATION THICKNESS (MM) … 59
TABLE 15 LAYERING OF INSULATION … 60
TABLE 16 BUTYL SEALANT PROPERTIES … 61
TABLE 17 PUF/PIR ADHESIVE PROPERTIES … 61
TABLE 18 COLD INSULATION ADHESIVE … 62
TABLE 19 ANTI-ABRASIVE COATING PROPERTIES … 62
TABLE 20 METAL SEALANT PROPERTIES … 63
TABLE 21 PRIMARY VAPOUR BARRIER MASTIC PROPERTIES … 64
TABLE 22 FOIL VAPOUR BARRIER PROPERTIES … 64
TABLE 23 VAPOUR STOP COATING/ADHESIVE PROPERTIES … 65
TABLE 24 VAPOUR BARRIER MASTIC FOR CELLULAR GLASS PROPERTIES … 66
TABLE 25 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASS OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION … 81
TABLE 26 REQUIRED INSERTION LOSS FOR CLASS OF INSULATION (DB) … 82
TABLE 27 RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF PIPES… 87
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GENERAL
Introduction
1.1.1
This Specification defines COMPANY minimum requirements for design, materials, application and quality control of external Thermal (Hot, Cold, Dual) of pipework, vessels and equipment operating between -180°C and 700°C for new & existing facilities located above ground either onshore or on offshore installations. This specification also defines the special requirements of Acoustic insulation for pipes, valves, and flanges with the aim of reducing the noise emitted by these items.
Purpose
Insulation is required to conserve heat of piping and equipment, reduce the transfer of heat to piping and equipment, to control process temperatures (avoid condensation, solidification or excessive viscosity of fluids and materials, minimising heat gain during fire conditions), provide personnel protection and noise control.
Definitions and Abbreviations
The following defined terms are used throughout this specification:
“ACOUSTIC INSULATION” Consists of a sound-absorbing material (the ‘porous layer’) on the pipe and an impermeable outer cover (the ‘jacketing’). It is applied with the aim of reducing the noise radiated from the pipe.
“ADNOC” means Abu Dhabi National Oil Company.
“ADNOC Group” means ADNOC together with each company in which ADNOC, directly or indirectly, controls fifty percent (50%) or more of the share capital.
“Approving Authority” means the decision-making body or employee with the required authority to approve Policies and Procedures or any changes to it.
“Business Line Directorates” or “BLD” means a directorate of ADNOC which is responsible for one or more Group Companies reporting to, or operating within the same line of business as, such directorate.
“Business Support Directorates and Functions” or “Non- BLD” means all the ADNOC functions and the remaining directorates, which are not ADNOC Business Line Directorates.
“CEO” means chief executive officer.
“COMPANY”: ADNOC Group of Companies.
“CONCESSION REQUEST”: A deviation requested by the MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER, usually after receiving the contract package or purchase order. Often, it refers to an authorization to use, repair, recondition, reclaim, or release materials, components or equipment already in progress or completely manufactured but does not meet or comply with COMPANY requirements. A CONCESSION REQUEST is subject to COMPANY approval.
“CONTRACTOR”: means the party(s) which carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning, or management of the PROJECT.
“Corrosion Under Insulation” - An acceleration of corrosion due to ingress of moisture into external insulation where the operating temperature is in the range of -5 °C to 175 °C
“ENGINEER”: The Engineering COMPANY or entity responsible for specifying the insulation design
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“EPC” means Execute stage of project
“EQUIPMENT” - Subject to the size, this category of items include items such as pressure vessels, shop fabricated tanks, heat exchangers, reactors, piping, pumps and process equipment including attachments thereto such as nozzles. This definition does not include boilers and heat recovery steam generators (HRSGS). (Note: Cylindrical shapes of 813 mm or smaller shall be treated as pipe for insulation purpose. See definition of PIPE.)
“FEED” means Basic engineering or Define stage of project.
“FLANGES” – Flanges of PIPE and EQUIPMENT.
“FLOW RESISTIVITY” of a porous material is defined as the pressure drop per unit thickness of the material against an air flow of unit velocity through the material. It may be expressed as: Flow resistivity = pressure drop/ (air velocity x thickness of sample) with dimensions of N s/m4.
“Group COMPANY” means any company within the ADNOC Group other than ADNOC.
“GUARANTEE”: The party(s) that undertake Mechanical or Process Design functions shall Guarantee performance within agreed contractual parameters.
‘may means a permitted option.
‘shall’ indicates mandatory requirements.
‘should’ means a recommendation.
“MANUFACTURER / SUPPLIER / VENDOR” means the party(s) which manufactures and/or supplies equipment, technical documents/drawings and services to perform the duties specified by COMPANY and CONTRACTOR.
“Noise Level” may refer to either a sound pressure level (Lp) with reference to 20 µPa, or a sound power level (Lw) with reference to 1 pW.
Where:
Lp = 20 log10 (P/P0)_P0 = 20 µPa
Lw = 10 log10 (W/W0)_W0 = 1 pW
Note: All logarithms in this specification are to the base 10, unless otherwise noted.
“NOISE LIMIT” is a maximum allowable noise level.
“OPERATING TEMPERATURE” - Continuous operating temperature, of the item to be insulated, during normal operating conditions. Temperatures reached during upset conditions and steam-out temperature shall not be considered as the operating temperature. Insulation thickness shall be based on OPERATING TEMPERATURE.
PIPE/PIPING - cylindrical shapes with outline diameters of 813 mm or less that can be insulated with preformed pipe insulation materials. Subject to the size limitation of 813 mm diameter, this category included piping with or without heat tracer, pipe fittings, valves, flanges, in-line pipe accessories, vessels, shop fabricated tanks, heat exchangers, reactors, piping pumps and process equipment including attachments thereto such as nozzles.
“Specification” means this Insulation Specification.
“TANKS” - Storage tanks
“QUALITY ASSURANCE”: means all those planned and systematic actions (QA) necessary to ensure quality i.e. to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will be fit for its intended purpose.
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“QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”: The structure organization, responsibilities, activities, resources and events that together provide organized procedures and methods of implementation to ensure the capability of the organization
“QUALITY PLAN”: A document prepared by the CONTRACTOR/SUPPLIER setting out the specific quality practices, resources and activities relevant to a particular project.
“WARRANTY”: The party(s) undertaking manufacture of any part of the equipment shall give warranties for workmanship and materials.
“SUBCONTRACTOR / SUB-SUPPLIER / SUB-VENDOR” means the party(s) which carries out all or part of the design, procurement, installation and testing of the System(s) as specified by the
CONTRACTOR / SUPPLIER / VENDOR
The abbreviations used throughout this specification are shown in Table 1
Table 1 List of Abbreviations
Abbreviations
ADNOC
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
AES
AISI
ASTM
CINI
CFC
CG
CMS
CR
CSPE
CUI
dB
DIN
EEMUA
EPDM rubber
FAM
FEF
FPZ
GRP
HCFC
ISO
ITP
Alkaline earth silicate wool high temperature fiber blanket materials.
American Iron and Steel Institute
American Society For Testing and Materials
Committee Insulation Netherlands Industry
Chlorofluorocarbon
Cellular Glass
Calcium magnesium silicate wool
Concession Request
Chloro Sulphonated Poly Ethylene
Corrosion Under Insulation
Decibel
Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (German Institute for Standardization)
Engineering Equipment and Material Users Association
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber
Flexible Aerogel / Micro Porous Blanket
Flexible Elastomeric Foam
Fireproofing Zone (specifically, pool-Fire Proofing Zone)
Glass-fibre Reinforced Polyester/Plastic (GRP is a generic term which also covers the specific case of GRE, glass-fibre reinforced epoxy material)
Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
International Organization For Standardization
Inspection Test Plan
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
MOC
NPS
OCMA
OD
ppmv
PCBs
PIR
PDS
PTFE
PUF
PUR
PVF
SDS
TSA
QA
QC
QAS
QMS
QP
Abbreviations
Management of Change
Nominal Pipe Size
Oil Companies Materials Association
Outer Diameter
parts per million
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polyisocyanurate Foam
Product Datasheet
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Poly Urethane Foam
Polyurethane rigid foam
Polyvinylidene Fluoride
Safety Data Sheet (formerly MSDS)
Thermally Sprayed Aluminium
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Quality Assurance System
Quality Management Systems
Quality Plan
Exception
This Specification does not cover the following:
• • • • • • •
Insulation systems for surfaces operating above 700 °C. Insulation systems for underground surfaces. Installation of refractory for fired heaters furnaces. Installation of concrete lining for breaching ducts and saddle supports. Insulation for building ventilation and air conditioning equipment and ducts. Insulation for fire protection. This specification does not specifically cover the acoustical insulation of other equipment such as large vessels and machinery, however such treatments should follow the basic principles and guidelines of this document per the direction of the Noise Control Engineer and/or Acoustical Consultant.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
Language
1.5.1
All Documents and Correspondences shall be in English language with no exceptions.
Units of Measurement
1.6.1
The International System of Units (SI units) shall be regarded as the standard for design calculations, drawings and all documents; Imperial units may be included for reference in brackets.
1.6.2
Pipe and flange sizes shall be based on Imperial units. Metric units may be included for reference in brackets.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
SECTION A - GENERAL
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Reference Documents
2.1.1
The latest edition of the reference documentation, on the effective date of award/purchase order, shall be read as an integral part of this Specification, unless otherwise specified in the Contract documents.
2.1.2
The codes, standards, specifications and statutory regulations listed below in this specification shall be considered part of this specification and its compliance is mandatory. Other codes and standards may be called, when so required, to meet the technical requirements in order to furnish the guarantee for the specified performance and integrity.
International Codes and Standards
2.2.1
The following Codes and Standards shall form a part of this specification. When an edition date is not indicated for a Code or Standard, the latest edition in force at the time of the contract award shall apply.
British Standards Institution (BSI)
BS 476
BS EN 515 BS 4370 BS EN 12939
BS EN 10048 BS 2972 BS 3958
BS 5422
BS 5970
BS EN 13166
BS 5608
Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures. Part 7: Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys - Wrought Products - Temper Designations. Methods of Test for Rigid Cellular Materials Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Thick products of high and medium thermal resistance Hot rolled narrow steel strip - Tolerances on dimensions and shape Methods of Test for Inorganic Thermal Insulating Materials Thermal Insulating Materials. Part 3: Metal-mesh Faced Man-Made Mineral Fibre Mattresses Part 4: Bonded Pre-formed Man-Made Fiber Pipe Sections Part 5: Bonded Man-Made Mineral Fiber Slabs Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range –40 °C to +700 °C Thermal Insulation of Pipework and Equipment (in the Temperature Range - 100°C to +870°C) Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made phenolic foam (PF) products — Specification Specification for Preformed rigid polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams for thermal insulation of pipework and equipment
Energy Institute
Guidelines for the design, installation and management of thermal insulation systems
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC)
SSPC-SP
Standards for Surface Preparation
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISO 266
ISO 1182
ISO 3582
Acoustics – preferred frequencies
Reaction to fire tests for products — non-combustibility test
Flexible Cellular Polymeric Materials - Laboratory Assessment of Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Small Specimens Subjected to a Small Flame
ISO 8142
Thermal Insulation
ISO 9001:2000
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems – Requirements
ISO 9004:2004
Quality Management Systems - Guidelines for Performance Improvements
ISO 9053
ISO 9613-2
Acoustics-Determination of airflow Resistance-Part 1: Static airflow method
Acoustics - Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors part -2 General method of calculation.
ISO 15665
Acoustics - Acoustic insulation for pipes, valves and flanges
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
ASTM A167
ASTM 240/240M
ASTM A 263
ASTM A 463
ASTM A 792
Specification for Stainless and Heat Resisting Chromium-Nickel steel plate, sheet, and strip.
Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications
Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Plate
Steel sheet, cold-rolled, Aluminium-coated type 1 and type 2
Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, 55% Aluminium-Zinc Alloy Coated by the Hot Dip Process
ASTM B209 M
Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Sheet and Plate)
ASTM C162
ASTM C165
ASTM C167
ASTM C168
ASTM C177
Mineral fibre block and board thermal insulation
Standard Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
Standard Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or Batt Thermal Insulations
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materials
Steady State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by means of the Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
ASTM C195
ASTM C240
ASTM C303
ASTM C335
ASTM C411
ASTM C450
ASTM C518
ASTM C533
ASTM C534
ASTM C547
ASTM C549
ASTM C552
ASTM C585
ASTM C592
ASTM C612
ASTM C623
ASTM C680
ASTM C692
ASTM C795
ASTM C 871
ASTM C892
ASTM C929
Mineral fiber thermal insulating cement
Cellular Glass Insulating block, Standard Method of testing
Standard Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and Board- Type Thermal Insulation
Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation
Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High- Temperature Thermal Insulation
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Thermal Insulating Fitting Covers for NPS Piping & Vessel lagging
Steady State Thermal Transmission Properties by means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus.
Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High- Temperature Thermal Insulation
Standard Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
Standard Specification for Perlite Loose Fill Insulation
Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation.
Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing
Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by Resonance
Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by use of Computer Programs.
Standard test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Standard Practice for Handling, Transporting, Shipping, Storage, Receiving, and Application of Thermal Insulation Materials For Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
ASTM C930
ASTM C1086
ASTM C1104
ASTM C1335
Standard Classification of potential Health and Safety Concerns Associated with Thermal Insulation Materials and Accessories
Standard Specification for Glass Fiber Mechanically Bonded Felt Thermal Insulation.
Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
Standard Test Method for Measuring Non-Fibrous Content of Man- Made Rock and Slag Mineral Fiber Insulation
ASTM C1676
Standard Specification for Microporous Thermal Insulation
ASTM C1729
Standard Specification for Aluminum Jacketing for Insulation
ASTM C1763
Standard Test Method for Water Absorption by Immersion of Thermal Insulation Materials
ASTM C1767
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Jacketing for Insulation
ASTM D 303
Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fibre Resin Composites
ASTM D696
ASTM D751
ASTM D785
ASTM D882
ASTM D1000
ASTM D 1621
Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30 Degrees C and 30 Degrees C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
Standard Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applications
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics
ASTM D 1622
Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics
ASTM D1623
Standard Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics
ASTM D 1692
ASTM D3039
ASTM D2126
Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Cellular Plastics using a Specimen Supported by a Horizontal Screen
Test method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Material.
Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastic to Thermal and Humid Ageing
ASTM D2842
Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Rigid Cellular Plastics
ASTM D6226
Standard Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics
ASTM D3014
ASTM D3828
Flame Height, Time of Burning and Loss of Weight of Rigid Cellular Plastics in a Vertical Position
Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
ASTM E84
Surface Burning characteristics of Building Materials.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
ASTM E96
Standard Test Methods for Water Vapour Transmission of Materials
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industriebau e.V
AGI Q 132
Mineral Wool Insulation Material for Industrial Installations
Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association (EEMUA
EEMUA 140
EEMUA 142
Noise Procedure Specification. Note: Formerly Oil Companies Materials Association (OCMA) Specification NWG-1, 2nd revision of March, 1980.
Acoustic Insulation of Pipes, Valves, and Flanges. Note: Formerly OCMA Specification NWG-5.
German Standards (DIN)
DIN 52213
Bauakustische Prüfungen; Bestimmung des Stromungs-widerstandes (Testsin building acoustics; determination of the air flow resistance).
ADNOC Specifications, Standard Drawings and Other References
The following reference documents, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this specification. When an edition/revision date is not indicated for a document, the latest edition/revision in force at the time of the contract shall apply.
AGES-SP-06-001
Design Criteria for Static Equipment
AGES-SP-06-002
Pressure Vessel Specification
AGES-SP-06-003
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Specification
AGES-SP-06-005
Above Ground Vertical Storage Tanks Specification
AGES-SP-06-013
Double pipe and multi tubes Heat Exchanger
AGES-SP-07-004
Painting and Coating Specification
AGES-SP-07-011
Preservation And Export Packing Specification
AGES-GL-08-001
Process design Criteria
AGES-GL-08-005
P&ID’S and PFD’S Development Guideline
AGES-SP-09-001
Piping Basis of Design
AGES-SP-09-006
Piping Support Specification
AGES-SP-09-010
Specification for Jacketed piping & Steam Tracing
AGES-DW-09-001
Pipe Support Standard Drawings
AGES-GL-13-001
Contractor QA/QC Requirements
AGES-GL-13-002
Positive Martial Identification of Equipment & Piping
AGES-SP-13-001
Criticality Rating Specification
AGES-SP-13-002
Procurement Inspection and Certification Requirements in Projects
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AGES-GL-16-003
Basic Engineering Design Data (BEDD)
HSE-GA-ST07
HSE-OH-ST03
HSE Design Philosophy Standard
Occupational health risk management [OHRM] standard]
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
PRECEDENCE
The specifications and codes referred to in this specification shall, unless stated otherwise, be the latest approved issue at the time of contract award.
It shall be the CONTRACTOR’s responsibility to be, or to become, knowledgeable of the requirements of the referenced Codes and Standards.
The CONTRACTOR shall notify the COMPANY of any apparent conflict between this specification, the related data sheets, the Codes and Standards and any other specifications noted herein.
Resolution and/or interpretation precedence shall be obtained from the COMPANY in writing before proceeding with the design/manufacture.
Unless specifically stated/agreed with COMPANY, the most stringent requirements shall apply.
In case of conflict, the order of document precedence shall be:
a. UAE Statutory requirements
b. ADNOC HSE Standards
c. datasheets and drawings
d. Project Specifications and documents
e. COMPANY Specifications and standard drawings
f. National / International Codes and Standards
SPECIFICATION DEVIATION / CONCESSION CONTROL
This specification is complementary to requirements of certifying authority, legislative requirement, guidance note issued by any authority & documents referenced herein. Compliance with this Specification & Standards and documents referenced therein does not relieve SUPPLIER of his responsibility to workmanship & materials to meet the specified conditions & duties required in data sheet.
Deviations to this Specification are only acceptable where the CONTRACTOR/SUPPLIER has listed in his quotation the requirements he cannot comply with, and the COMPANY/CONTRACTOR has accepted in writing these deviations before the order is placed.
In the absence of a list of deviations, it will be assumed that the CONTRACTOR/SUPPLIER complies fully with the Specification.
Post Purchase order, any technical deviations to the Purchase Order and its attachments shall be sought by the CONTRACTOR/SUPPLIER only through Concession Request procedure and formats.
All Concession Requests require the COMPANY’s review/approval, prior to the proposed technical changes being implemented.
The COMPANY decision shall be final without any cost & schedule impact to the COMPANY/Project.
Technical changes implemented prior to COMPANY approval are subject to rejection.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
SECTION B – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL
Insulation covered by this specification covers Hot Insulation, Cold Insulation, Dual Temperature Service Insulation and Acoustic Insulation.
Thermal Insulation
Thermal Insulation can be either Hot Insulation, Cold Insulation or Dual Service Insulation
5.1.1
Hot Insulation
Vessels, machinery, and piping containing fluids or vapours shall be hot insulated where it is necessary to:
• Conserve energy by reducing the transfer of heat.
• Maintain temperature for process control (avoid condensation, solidification, or excessive viscosity
of fluids and materials)
• Provide personnel protection.
The term “vessel” includes towers, drums, separators, reactors, re-boilers, exchangers, etc.
The term “machinery” includes engines, turbines, compressors and pumps etc.
5.1.2
Cold Insulation and Dual Temperature Service
The insulation of cold and dual temperature services is required for:
• Cold conservation (i.e. reduction in heat gain).
• Preventing vapour condensation on the outside surface of the insulating system of piping and
equipment having a temperature below the dew point of the surrounding atmosphere.
• Personnel protection from cold surfaces (cold burns and falling ice).
• An important requirement of a cold insulation system is to prevent water ingress into the insulation.
5.1.2.1 Cold Insulation
Cold service is defined as equipment and piping at operating temperatures below ambient where reduction of heat gain and the prevention of surface condensation or icing on the outside surface is desired within a temperature range of ambient and below.
5.1.2.2 Dual Temperature Service
Dual temperature service is defined as vessels, equipment and piping at operating temperatures below ambient and where intermittently temperatures may occur up to 150°C, or with normal pipe operating temperatures which are above ambient but intermittently reach ambient temperatures for a longer period of time where good causes for occurrence of condensation within the insulation finish exist.
Where required, this insulation prevents surface condensation, conserves low temperatures or controls heat input into the contained fluid within the temperature range of -100 °C up to +150 °C.
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Acoustic Insulation
Acoustic insulation shall be used where is necessary to:
•
•
conserve the hearing of personnel
reduce speech and work interference
• ensure that warning signals are audible
• allow adequate speech, telephone, and radio communication
• maintain working efficiency
• provide quiet accommodation for personnel
• prevent annoyance to the neighbouring community
Protective Coating
5.3.1
Painting of all carbon steel and stainless steel surfaces receiving insulation shall be completed in accordance with the requirements of AGES-SP-07-004 with specific consideration for Corrosion Under Insulation(CUI) as per NACE SP 0198.
5.3.2
All insulation metal jacketing supplied as part of the Specification shall have a protective coated applied if it is specifically specified for offshore installations.
Identification of Services
5.4.1
All pipework and services shall be colour coded in accordance with COMPANY requirements following the completion of the insulation work in line with AGES-SP-07-004.
Identification of Insulation Requirements
The type and extent of insulation requirements shall be identified using the following codes on the P&IDs, pipe line list, instrument list, equipment drawings, and piping isometrics. Note: These code designations may vary between different Business units
H PP S E FP AA IA W F
For heat conservation and process temperature control For protecting personnel from surfaces above 60 °C. Steam Traced and Insulated Electric Traced Line and Insulated For protection of piping and equipment in the event of a fire Acoustic Insulation Hot Insulation and Acoustic Insulation For steam jacket & insulated Ceramic Fiber Blanket
General Requirements
5.6.1
Materials furnished under this specification shall be ‘new’ standard catalogued products, commercially available and supplied in their original containers, suitable for service requiring high performance and reliability and free from all defects.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
5.6.2
The Contractor, unless clearly otherwise stated, shall supply materials which meet the requirements in this Specification with respect to design criteria, thermal conductivities and all other noted parameters.
5.6.3 Where materials are referred to by trade names within this specification, the use of such names are intended to describe the kind or quality of the material required and any deviation shall be submitted in writing for approval.
5.6.4
The CONTRACTOR shall warrant that materials furnished and installed are free of defects for a period of three (3) years from the time the system is completed.
5.6.5
The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the compatibility of all accessories, compounds, finishes and paint systems of piping/equipment with the insulation materials proposed.
5.6.6
The following methods of manufacture of pre-formed insulation materials are approved for consideration. Contractors are required to submit details of methodology for approval.
a) Pre-fabricated and manufactured items completed at the Vendor’s works.
b) Manufactured items at the Vendor’s works and transported as assigned stock for fabrication in
field workshop facilities.
c) Manufactured and fabricated completely in the field employing mobile manufacturing facilities.
5.6.7
Basic premixed chemicals for in-situ moulded foam shall be produced freshly and used within the factory advised shelflife of the product, taking into account all time lapses for transportation and storage.
5.6.8
All Insulation material shall be free from asbestos, lead & chromate.
5.6.9
The insulation material selected shall contain less than 10 ppm chloride and less than 10 ppm fluoride, with a combined halide content of 15 ppm maximum, when tested in accordance with BS 2972.
5.6.10
Insulating materials shall have a pH value between 7 and 10 in order to reduce the possibility of corrosion. Insulation materials formulated with fire retardant additives which result in a product having an acidic “pH” are not acceptable.
5.6.11
Insulation will be judged defective for any of the following reasons:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
If there are any cracks extending through the insulation.
If there are any cracks which would cause insulation to break upon sawing or gently flexing.
If the ends are broken or damaged.
If more than 10% of the surface area of the insulation is composed of large voids.
If any large void has a depth greater than 10% of the insulation thickness.
5.6.12 Galvanized, zinc coated components or materials containing metals likely to cause liquid embrittlement shall not be used where there is the slightest possibility that they will come into contact at temperatures above 350°C, with stainless steel, nickel alloy or high alloyed steel pipework and equipment.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
PART 1: HOT INSULATION
GENERAL
Hot Insulation is required to conserve heat of piping and equipment, to control process temperatures (avoid condensation, solidification, or excessive viscosity of fluids and materials) and to provide personnel protection.
LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF HOT INSULATION
The following shall not be insulated for heat conservation except for steam service unless otherwise noted specifically in respective specifications, process documents, drawings, P&IDS, or herein :
• Piping which becomes intermittently hot e.g. relief valves, non-heat traced flare, blow down
systems.
• Vessel manway covers, nozzles and flanges.
• Bottom heads of skirt supported towers 30” (760 mm) and less in diameter.
•
Inside of skirts on skirt supported towers and vessels 30” (760 mm) and less in diameter.
• Channel covers.
• Expansion, contraction, rotation joints, slide valves and similar equipment.
• Flange bolting on shell and tube heat exchangers.
• Vessels that are internally insulated to limit shell temperature.
• Steam traps except when specified.
• Steam condensate lines downstream of steam traps discharging to drainage systems.
• Untraced branches from traced lines downstream of the first block valve.
• Drain and vent piping on insulated equipment downstream of the first block valve.
• Pump cases, coolers and condensers shall normally not receive personnel insulation.
• Flanges and valves in hot oil line service (heating oil) shall be left uninsulated to avoid oil contamination leading to the possibility of spontaneous combustion in the event of a leak. This policy must not be amended without prior approval of COMPANY. (If the uninsulated valve or flange presents a hazard to plant personnel, protection can be afforded by a simple box prefabricated from expanded metal with no insulation infill).
• Code inspection plates
• Dummy supports
• Flanges (operating at 300ºC and below in non-hydrogen service), unless for personnel protection
• Flanges in Hydrogen service (all temperatures)
• Name plates
• Stampings
• Thermowell Bosses
• Unions (except instrument line unions)
• Weepholes
• Rotating equipment (except steam/gas turbines and boiler feed water pumps)
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
• Vents Strainers
• Gauges
MATERIALS AND DESIGN
Materials
8.1.1
Reference to materials in this specification shall include insulation materials, accessories (bands, mesh wire, clips, pins, tape, anchors, corner angles and similar recommended accessories) and compounds (adhesives, coatings and sealers) and protective finishes and similar items recommended for the applications indicated. Insulation materials and accessories shall be new and undamaged. Factory or manufacturer’s “rejects or “seconds” will not be acceptable for use under this specification.
8.1.2
Insulation materials, including cements, coverings, etc, shall not contain asbestos, shall be non- corrosive whether wet or dry, and suitable for application to the substrate.
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
Insulating material shall not crack, sag, delaminate, or show evidence of flaming, glowing, smoldering, or smoking when tested in accordance with ASTM C 411 at the temperature on which the insulation requirements are based.
Material for hot insulation (60°C – 700°C) shall be water repellent mineral wool of processed long fibers bonded with a binder suitable for the intended operational temperature range as listed in Table 2 below.
Insulation material shall be odourless at operating temperature, mould and vermin proof and non- injurious to health. The materials shall not be used at temperatures exceeding those recommended for continuous use, either in the Table 2 or Table 3 unless approved by COMPANY.
Unless otherwise agreed by COMPANY, materials shall be selected from those described below and in accordance with Table 3, Form of Insulation. Except for pipe cradles, Calcium Silicate shall only be used when confirmed in writing by the COMPANY. Consideration shall be given to the risk of CUI as per NACE SP 0198.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
Table 2 Typical Characteristics of Insulants, Hot Insulation Materials - Water Repellent Mineral Wool
CHARACTERISTICS
Normal Density (Minimum)
Thermal Conductivity W/mK: at 10°C at 300°C Max. Operating Temp. °C
Fire Performance Linear Shrinkage %
pH
Ratio of Cl: Na2SiO3 (ppm)
Water Retention:
20°C Kg/m2 250°C Kg/m2
20°C Kg/m3 250°C kg/m3
Notes:
PIPE SECTION
128-150 Kg/m3
0.036 0.091 650
2.0 Max
7-10
1:20
0.2 max 0.2 max
20 max 20 max
WIRED MAT
SLAB
LOOSE FILL
STANDARD
90 Kg/m3
95 Kg/m3
BS 2972
BSI BS EN 12939
0.034 0.084 800
0.034 0.084 750
Non-combustible 2.0 Max
2.0 Max
ISO 1182
7-10
1:20
0.2 max 0.2 max
Note (a) Note (a)
7-10
1:20
7-10
1:20
ASTM C871
0.2 max 0.2 max
0.2 max 0.2 max
BS 2972 Section II Partial Immersion
20 max 20 max
Note (a) Note (a)
BS 2972 Section II Total Immersion
a) Water retention figures for wired mattresses and loose fill on total immersion shall be subject to
COMPANY approval.
b) Maximum operating temperatures, density and thermal conductivity given are approximate only
and vary with grade of material (consult Vendors).
c) Chemicals in the insulation environment may restrict insulants operational limits.
d) Mineral wool shall be totally water repellent up to 250°C, rot proof, odourless non hygroscopic,
shall not sustain vermin or encourage the growth of fungi, mould or bacteria.
e) Loose mineral wool shall only be permitted as a filler in structurally reinforced removable metal
boxes.
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
The Form of insulation material shall follow Table 3 below:
Table 3 Form of insulation
ITEMS TO BE INSULATED
Operating Temperature Limit, ºC
INSULATION MATERIAL
Pipe ≤24 NPS
24 NPS
≤24 NPS
Elbows & Tees ≤2 NPS
24 NPS
Flanges Except H2 service
In H2 Service
Valves (flanged) Body only
Flanges only
Valves (screwed or welded) ≤1½ NPS
Equipment
Pumps
Steam turbines
Channels
Removable heads
Top welded heads
Other Heads
Shells (cylindrical shapes)
Access hole covers
Tanks
700
700
1260
700
700
300
All
300
300
Mineral Fibre preformed pipe cover (except for insulation code FP)
Mineral fibre blanket
Ceramic fibre blanket unfaced (for insulation code FP)
Mineral fibre preformed or mitered fitting covers
Mineral fibre blanket
Insulation boxes
Metal weather covers only
Insulation boxes
Insulation boxes
700
Mineral fibre preformed pipe cover
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
Insulation boxes or Insulation pads
Insulation boxes or Insulation pads
Insulation boxes or Insulation pads
Insulation boxes or Insulation pads
Calcium silicate block
Mineral fibre blanket
Mineral fibre blanket or board
Insulation boxes or insulation pads
Mineral fibre blanket or board (courses above lower course)
400
Cellular glass (lower shell course only)
8.1.6
Other materials may be selected for specific services where their physical properties, chemical properties and/or cost offer demonstrable advantage to COMPANY. This includes calcium silicate cellular glass, ceramic fibers etc. COMPANY prior approval should be obtained.
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8.1.7
Insulation material selected should take into considerations for corrosion under insulation (CUI) especially if the substrate is not protected by specialised coating like Thermally Sprayed Aluminium.
Thickness of Hot Insulation
8.2.1
The type and extent of insulation requirements shall be as specified on the P&IDs, Piping Line List, equipment drawings, piping isometrics and instrument list.
8.2.2
The required thermal insulation thickness shall be determined by using the insulation thickness charts in this specification. Table 4 identifies typical thicknesses of hot insulation for various ranges of operating temperature; stipulated thicknesses do not include the covering or jacketing, the insulating effect of which is neglected.
8.2.3
For the purposes of selecting the insulation thickness, operating temperature shall be determined as follows unless specified otherwise by COMPANY:
• For non-jacketed piping and equipment, the normal operating temperature of the substrate metal
shall be used.
•
For steam jacketed piping and equipment, the jacket fluid temperature shall be considered as the operating temperature.
• For heat traced piping and equipment, the operating temperature of the heat tracer shall be considered the operating temperature unless otherwise stated by the Company. Temperatures reached during upset conditions and steam-out temperature shall not be considered as the operating temperature.
• For refractory lined items, the metal temperature during normal operating conditions shall be considered as the operating temperature for insulation purposes if external insulation is specifically required.
• For heat exchangers, the average of the inlet and outlet temperatures the particular side (shell or tube side that is being insulated) shall be considered the operating temperature (O.T) except for personnel protection. For personnel protection, the higher of the inlet and outlet temperatures for the particular side shall be considered.
• For vertical equipment having fluid temperature variations over the equipment length, the operating temperature of the fluid under the relevant insulated section shall be used and the insulation thickness may be varied as required over the equipment length.
8.2.4
Single layer pipe insulation shall be applied in a staggered circumferential joint arrangement. Where multi-layer insulation is required, the following minimum requirements shall be met:
•
supports extended to provide support for each layer;
• each individual layer secured (banded);
•
terminations / joints staggered in a stepped arrangement
8.2.4.1
If insulation is furnished in standard thickness other than indicated in Table 4, the next thicker available standard size of the specified material commercially available shall be applied.
8.2.4.2 The thickness of insulation on vessels may be determined by the requirements for thermal relief. The CONTRACTOR shall confirm to COMPANY by the presentation of calculations that the thicknesses quoted are satisfactory for the particular thermal retention properties desired.
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Table 4 Typical Economic Thickness for Hot Insulation Material
Insulation Thickness (mm)
Operating temperature, °C
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
700
30
30
30
30
30
50
50
50
50
50
30
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
80
30
30
30
30
40
50
50
60
60
60
60
70
70
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
70
70
70
70
70
80
30
40
40
50
50
60
70
80
80
80
80
90
90
30
40
50
50
60
70
80
90
90
90
100
100
110
30
50
50
70
70
80
90
100
100
110
110
120
120
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
100
120
120
120
120
120
50
60
70
70
90
100
110
110
120
120
120
130
130
50
60
70
70
90
100
120
120
130
130
130
140
140
60
70
70
70
100
100
120
130
140
140
140
150
150
60
70
70
70
100
100
130
150
150
150
150
150
150
80
100
110
130
140
140
170
180
180
180
180
180
180
100
110
130
140
160
180
180
190
210
230
210
Mineral Wool
Nominal
Pipe diam.
NPS
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Vessels and Piping over 500mm
(NPS 20)
diam.
Note:
a) The above insulation thickness TABLE is applicable for insulation codes H, E, and S.
b) CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the confirmation of suitability of insulation thickness to achieve required performance based on project specific data and the final insulation material selected. Calculations shall be submitted for COMPANY review.
c) The inside diameter of the insulation shall be such that it will accommodate any and all heat tracers on
d)
the hot metal surface and insulation joints are tight. Insulation thickness less than 100 mm to be Single Layer. Insulation thickness 100 mm and over to be Multi Layer.
e) The above table is based upon
• Ambient air temperature of 32ºC • Wind speed
• Surface Emmisivity
• H.D. Mineral Wool Insulation
0 KPH. 0.6
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ADNOC Classification: Internal
Personnel Protection
8.3.1
For the safety of personnel, all surfaces at continuous operating temperatures above 60°C that are confined within the normal working areas and located where personnel inadvertently could contact the surface during the course of normal operating duties shall be protected and will present a safety hazard because of location.
In general, vessels, exchangers, pumps, miscellaneous equipment, valves, flanges, and unions shall not be insulated for personnel protection.
Personnel insulation shall extend as follows:
a)
Insulated to a height of 2.5 m vertically above the floor or platform level.
b) Within 1 m horizontally beyond the access way, ladder and platform edges.
If personnel protection is required, physical barriers such as open mesh guards, protective metal sheeting/screens or hand railings and hazard markings shall be used if the surface process temperature is <250°C and heat loss is acceptable. For surface process temperature >250°C insulation shall be used for personnel protection.
Extent of personnel protection insulation requirements shall be indicated on equipment and piping drawings and 3D model.
8.3.2
Personnel protection by guards
a) Wire mesh shall be stainless steel according to AISI type 316. The wire diameter shall be 3mm
with a mesh dimension of 50 x 50 mm.
b) All above stainless steel (wire mesh or metal sheet) material shall be coated to relevant
specification in accordance to Painting & Coating Specification AGES-SP-07-004.
c) Personnel protection guards shall be removable type.
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8.3.3
Personnel Protection Thickness
For surface process temperature >250°C insulation shall be used for personnel protection. The minimum thickness of personnel protection insulation is shown in Table 5 .
Table 5 Insulation Thickness Required for Personnel Protection
PIPE or EQUIPMENT DIAMETER, NPS
≤40 1½
30
Insulation Thickness
25 mm
40 mm
50 mm
65 mm
75 mm
90 mm
324
316
177
146
141
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
454
438
413
399
385
377
368
366
363
360
360
357
354
349
574
552
518
502
477
463
454
449
446
443
438
438
432
427
600
600
600
600
566
549
535
529
524
518
516
510
504
496
600
600
600
600
600
600
585
579
574
563
600
600
600
600
The values stated in this table are maximum operating temperatures in ºC for which the insulation thickness is valid. For example, a NPS 6 pipe operating at 150ºC requires 40 mm thick insulation because 25 mm thickness is limited to 141ºC.
Thickness given above are the nominal insulation material thickness only and do not include the weatherproofing material thickness.
For personnel protection if the use of guards are not deemed appropriate and for temperatures below 250 Deg. C, Table 5 thicknesses are to be used.
8.3.4
For Process temperature from 60o C to 250o C. The minimum distance between the hot surfaces and perforated sheet (guard), and insulation thickness for personnel protection shall be in accordance with Table 6.
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Table 6 Minimum distances between hot surfaces and heat guards
Pipe diameter (mm)
Minimum distance (mm)
<NPS 10
NPS 10 and up to NPS 36
Equipment and flat surfaces
50
100
100
External Jacketing
8.4.1
General
Galvanized sheeting shall not be used. Galvanized sheeting is vulnerable to corrosion in coastal and arid areas.
In areas with potential fire hazard, stainless steel sheeting shall be used.
The jacket materials shall be one of the following:
• Aluminium jacketing: for operating temperatures below 650ºC; Jacketing shall be Class A Grade 1-Type 3105/3003 in accordance with ASTM C1729/C1729M for operating temperatures below 650ºC.
• Stainless-steel jacketing: for offshore application, marine location and for operating temperatures above 650ºC stainless-steel jacketing shall be used. Stainless-steel jacketing shall be ASTM C1767 Grade 2 Class A.
8.4.2
Jacketing Thickness
Jacketing thickness shall be in accordance with Table 7.
Table 7 Jacketing thickness
Outside diameter of the insulation
Aluminium
Stainless steel
Up to 200 mm
Above 200 mm to 500 mm
Over 500 mm
0.8 mm
0.8 mm
1.0 mm
0.6 mm
0.8 mm
0.8 mm
• On horizontal pipes subjected to foot traffic the jacketing material in the top quadrant only shall be
1.6 mm thick (this may be applied in two separate layers).
• Removable covers shall be fabricated from 1.0 mm thick material.
• Surface profile (configuration) of the jacketing shall be as per Table 8 below.
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Table 8 Surface profile (configuration) of the Jacketing
Item to be insulated
Shape
Surface pattern
Corrugations
Pipe, all sizes
Roll
Smooth
Pipe fittings, all sizes
Preformed
Smooth
None
None
Equipment, Vertical
Sheets
Smooth
6.3 mm x 31 mm
Equipment, Horizontal
Roll
Smooth
None
Tanks
Sheets
Smooth
15.8 mm x 63 mm
Hardware
Metallic jacket fastening bands, screws or rivet materials shall be compatible with the Cladding material so that galvanic corrosion does not interfere with the expected lifecycle of the insulation system.
8.5.1
Screws
Only screws of the following specification shall be permitted:
Table 9 Screw specifications
Material
Pitch
Required Application
13 mm long x 10 SWG Stainless Steel ASTM 240 Type 316 self-tapping screws with PTFE/neoprene washers
19 mm long x 14 SWG Stainless Steel ASTM 240 Type 316 self-tapping screws with PTFE/neoprene washers
150 mm
Piping and equipment up to and including 100 mm and circumferential seams and radius bends
150 mm
Piping and equipment over 100 mm and circumferential seams and radius bends
• Screws shall only be used in specific areas to allow access for future inspection (see section 9.8- Inspection Windows). They shall be also used in areas where deemed necessary by the operations personnel where insulation may be removed for operation or maintenance purposes.
• Screws shall be provided with washers of the same material that is fused with polymeric (e.g.,
neoprene or HNBR commensurate with the chemical exposure) backing
• Galvanized steel materials shall not be used for fastening insulation to PIPING and EQUIPMENT
8.5.2
Rivets
Stainless steel type 316 blind pop rivets shall be used in areas where jacketing is not to be removed for maintenance, operation, or inspection purposes. Rivets shall have domed heads with a stainless steel stem and rivet. Rivets shall be closed end ANSI 316L body with 316LN mandrel with HNBR seal.
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8.5.3
Banding
8.5.3.1 For Securing Insulation Materials, the binding wire or stainless steel bands shall not be less than three
(3) per sector of installation.
8.5.3.2 Binding wire shall be used to secure insulation on piping and equipment up to 150 mm outside diameter. The wire used shall be 1 mm (minimum) diameter stainless steel AISI type 316 soft at a maximum pitch of 300 mm. The twisted wire ends shall be bent and pressed flat into the insulation to avoid projection.
8.5.3.3 Stainless Steel banding shall be used to secure insulation on piping and equipment over 150 mm
outside diameter at a maximum pitch of 450 mm.
8.5.3.4 Only banding of the following specification shall be permitted for use under jacketing for the securing of insulation. Banding shall be stainless steel ANSI Type 316 or BS EN 10048, Type 316 S16. The band material for strapping shall be a minimum of 0.5 mm thick and be of stainless steel (AISI 316). The width of the banding shall be 15 mm up to insulation diameters 200 mm and 20 mm for insulation outside diameters over 200 mm. Bands used for securing insulation and cladding on tanks shall be 25 mm wide.
Studs
When stud welding is permitted by COMPANY, studs shall be M6 to M10 (1/4 to 3/8 in) diameter with one end screwed to accept spring type nuts and a 50 mm square plate washer or other COMPANY approved proprietary cleat.
APPLICATION OF HOT INSULATION
Application of insulation shall be in accordance with SECTION E – APPENDICES and the appropriate paragraphs of this specification
General Requirements
9.1.1
Before any insulation is applied, all surfaces shall be cleaned of dirt, rust, millscale and any other foreign matter and painted in accordance with Painting and Coating specification AGES-SP-07-004.
9.1.2
Insulation materials shall not be applied if the moisture content is more than the stated amount given in the MANUFACTURER’S application data.
9.1.3
All exposed edges and sharp corners on insulation shall be rounded to present a smooth contour.
9.1.4
All matting surface between adjoining pieces of all insulation are to be tightly butted together so that no voids or gaps occur at any joints except where specifically indicated on the referenced sketches or this specification.
9.1.5 Where insulated pipes or ducts pass through sleeves or openings, the full specified thickness of the insulation shall pass through the sleeve or opening, unless otherwise noted on the drawings.
9.1.6
Insulation of vertical vessels shall be commenced at the top and continuing to the bottom to minimize the possible ingress of water to the system during application
9.1.7
The application of insulation shall be generally in accordance with BS 5970
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9.1.8
Cracks, voids, breaks, and improperly fitted insulation shall be refitted or replaced. Excessive filling of cracks, voids or holes with mastics or cements shall not be allowed. Insulation that has been applied but not finished with weather barrier jackets or coating shall be protected from the weather or other sources of physical damage. If insulation shall become wet, it shall be dried before the weather barrier with seal is applied. Structures, equipment, piping and other surfaces in the vicinity where insulation application is in progress shall be protected from dripping, splashing or accidental application of coatings, mastics or cements.
9.1.9
Stainless Steel surfaces shall be prepared for insulation as follows:
•
Items which have been exposed to a salty atmosphere during transit, storage or after erection shall be thoroughly washed with potable water containing less than 2 ppm chlorides.
• The surfaces shall be thoroughly dried.
• Ensure that protective coatings, over stainless steel surfaces to prevent external stress corrosion
cracking, have been applied.
9.1.10 Pressure Testing Considerations
Vertical surfaces shall be insulated only after pressure testing.
Horizontal surfaces should be insulated after pressure testing. However, they may be insulated before pressure testing if approved by COMPANY provided the insulation is temporarily held back a minimum distance of 150 mm on either side of welds, threaded, or bolted connections. After completion of pressure testing, all missing insulation shall be installed and appropriately weatherproofed.
Application of Hot Insulation to Pipework and Fittings
9.2.1
Insulation Application
Preformed mineral fibre pipe insulation shall be applied in a minimum number of layers as required by the economic thickness chart. When the insulation thickness required is above 100 mm, the insulation shall be applied in two layers. Single layer pipe insulation shall be applied in a staggered circumferential joint arrangement. Multiple layer pipe insulation shall be applied with all joints staggered in line with Table 10 below.
NPS
≤ 8”
≤ 8”
All sizes
Table 10 Insulation Layers Staggering
Number insulation layers
of
Position of longitudinal joints (clock positions)
1
2
2
3
3 and 9
Inside layer: 4 and 10
Outside layer: 3 and 9
Hot layer: 5 and 11
Middle layer: 4 and 10
Outside layer: 3 and 9
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9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.2.5
The circumferential joints of multiple layer insulation systems shall be staggered 150mm from the circumferential joints of any adjacent preceding or succeeding layer. Insulation shall be secured with wire or bands (Section 8.5.3.
Insulation adjoining uninsulated flanges shall be beveled down and terminated at a suitable distance from the flange to allow easy removal of nuts and stud bolts without damage to the insulation (Length of flange bolts plus 25 mm). See Appendix 17- Insulation Termination At Flanges.
To seal the insulation to the pipe, a conical flashing collar of the jacket material or high temperature sealing compound shall be installed over the beveled insulation termination, extending 25 mm onto the pipe and pipe insulation. A bead or fillet of heat resistant sealer shall be applied to flash the collar to the pipe.
To prevent ingress of hot oil or vapour into the insulation, thereby causing a potential fire hazard, the termination of insulation adjacent to flanges and valves where leakage is a possibility shall be sealed with hard set cement then overcoated with 2 layers of micro porous weather proofing membrane. Hard set cement and microporous weather proofing membrane shall be ordered from COMPANY approved Vendors.
Pipe resting directly on steel supports shall have the bottom section of insulation cut back a minimum of 150 mm from either end of the supporting steel and for outdoor exposure shall be flashed with sheet metal of jacket material and sealed. See Appendix 20 - Insulated Piping at a support point (without shoes).
9.2.6
Block insulation shall be applied so that all successive end joints are staggered and the length of block shall be parallel to greatest length of surface to be insulated.
• Each layer shall be banded before the succeeding layer is applied.
• Blocks applied to curved surfaces shall be scored or sized to eliminate gaps between surfaces
and blocks.
• Minor cracks or voids shall be filled with insulation cement.
• Major cracks or voids are reason for full replacement or refitting.
9.2.7
9.2.8
To insulate bends and elbows, radial segments shall be cut from straight lengths of insulation to appropriate thickness and diameter. Suitable templates shall be used to define the segmental dimensions and angle of cut based on the radius and the preferred number of segments.
The CONTRACTOR shall furnish and install all clamped insulation supports on long vertical piping runs. If vertical lines are steam or electric traced, these supports shall provide clearance provision for the tracing. Insulation supports shall be in accordance with Appendix 14 - Insulation Support - Vertical Piping and shall be installed at 3600 mm intervals (maximum).
9.2.9
The thickness of the insulation of the fittings shall be equal to the thickness of adjoining pipe insulation.
9.2.10 Where pipework has heat tracing, insulation shall be sized to suit the increase in the effective diameter
of the pipe. No insulation material shall be between pipe and heat tracing elements.
9.2.11
Insulation Expansion Joints
Insulation expansion joints shall be installed in single layer calcium silicate systems to compensate for pipe expansion. Expansion joints shall be 25 mm wide (after installation) and consist of a 50 mm wide
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piece of mineral fibre, circumferentially applied over the pipe separating two adjacent sections of calcium silicate. The mineral fibre shall be compressed to 50 percent of its original width. The outer surface of the mineral fibre shall be flush with the calcium silicate insulation. (Refer Appendix 14 - Insulation Support - Vertical Piping )
In the operating temperature range of 100° C to 260° C, a minimum of one expansion joint shall be installed at 3.65m intervals for straight run carbon steel and at 2.75 m intervals for stainless steel piping when single layer calcium silicate insulation is specified. Also in this same temperature range an expansion joint shall be installed on each side of a pipe elbow, tee, or stub-in when the piping changes direction and will continue on for a minimum distance of 5m.
9.2.12 Pipe Support Cradles
The bottom portion of cradle insulation shall be a load bearing type insulation such as high density calcium silicate. Expansion joints for single layer insulation systems shall be installed on both sides of the cradle. Multiple layer insulation systems: Circumferential joints of cradle and pipe insulation shall be staggered by a minimum of two times the total insulation thickness on both sides of the cradle. The circumferential joint in the outer layer shall be at a distance of 150 mm from the cradle.
9.2.13 Pipe Expansion Joints
Bellows type pipe expansion joints shall be insulated with mineral fibre blanket insulation supplied with stainless steel wire mesh on each side of the insulation.
Pipe insulation shall terminate 150 mm before the expansion bellows. Mineral fibre insulation shall be installed over the bellow’s protective cover and overlap the adjacent pipe insulation by a minimum of 225 mm on both sides. The mineral fibre insulation thickness shall be the same as the adjacent pipe insulation. The longitudinal joint shall be laced tightly with stainless steel wire so that no gaps exist. The insulation shall be secured in place with stainless steel bands positioned on either end of the insulated bellows. Weatherproofing shall be applied over the insulated expansion joint bellows and shall be marked as follows: “DO NOT STEP ON - INSULATED PIPE EXPANSION JOINT”
9.2.14 Valves and Flanges
Valves and flanges operating above 300°C, or in a service, at any temperature where the product may solidify, shall be provided with removable insulation covers. (See Appendix 5 – Insulation Box for Flanged Valve and Appendix 3 Insulation for Flanged connection)
In order to protect the flange mating faces, a removable flange protection made of AISI 316 stainless steel shall be installed around the outer diameter of flanges. Drainage outlets shall be an integral part of the removable cover design so that leaks may be visually detected.
Flanges in hydrogen service shall not be insulated but shall be provided with a weather protection cover of stainless steel sheet metal banded over the edges of companion flanges.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall use full sections or pieces of insulation as received from the MANUFACTURER to minimize the number of insulation joints. When a partial piece of insulation is required, one piece that covers the entire area requiring insulation shall be used. The use of multiple small pieces to make up a larger section shall be avoided
9.2.15 Typical Application Aspects
• Where insulated pipes or ducts pass through sleeves or openings, the full specified thickness of the insulation shall pass through the sleeve or opening, unless otherwise noted on the drawings.
• Zinc containing coatings shall not be applied near or at stainless steel piping/nickel alloys.
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• Reusable insulation plugs shall be provided on insulated pressure vessels, heat exchangers, tanks and piping. These insulation plugs shall be supplied in accordance with applicable Equipment specification
Application of Jacketing to Pipework and Fittings
9.3.1
In the case of straight runs of pipework, jacketing shall be fitted to ensure a longitudinal overlap of not less than 75 mm and 100 mm on circumferential seams.
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
The finished longitudinal lap on horizontal piping and equipment shall be positioned at the horizontal center line of the pipe to shed rain, condensed water and minimize dust collection and sealed with mastic. Adjacent sections of jacketing shall have the longitudinal laps at 180 degree from one another to eliminate double circumferential lap areas.
Each rolled casing shall be ball-swaged 75 mm from the leading end so as to provide a circumferential stop to adjoining casings. The outer longitudinal edge shall be ball Swaged over its full length (see Appendix 2 - Circumferential Joint Overlap (Ball Swaged) and Seal) to give a 75 mm overlap.
Bends and elbows in pipework shall be encased with prefabricated covers, assembled from equal width ball-swaged jointed radial (lobster back) segments produced with the aid of templates. During assembly each female swage shall be caulked with a fire resistive elastomer sealant dispensed from a cartridge prior to each segment being secured. Segments shall be assembled around the bend in lobster back formation and secured along the longitudinal mid-line and back radius using blind rivets or self-tapping screws. Fire resistive elastomer sealant shall be ordered from COMPANY approved Vendors.
9.3.5
At interruptions in the line, such as valves and flanged Joints, the jacketing shall be terminated in such a manner as not to impede the withdrawal of stud bolts. In the case of horizontal pipe runs the jacketing shall be fitted with end caps of lock form construction. In the case of vertical pipe runs the lower (upward facing) collar shall be of conical construction to provide a watershed.
9.3.6 Where other interruptions occur, e.g. horizontal pipe supports, shoes, brackets, etc., a prefabricated unlined removable close-fitting stud collar (Spacer Ring) designed to form a flashing to the adjacent jacketing shall be installed Such housings shall be provided with a means of drainage at the lowest point
9.3.7
Trunnion supports at bends and elbows shall be provided with similar housings. In such cases the collar shall be returned to the trunnion by means of end caps of lock form construction and shall be sealed with an insert of fire resistive mastic sealant.
9.3.8
All seams shall be sealed using fire resistance flexible, non-hardening elastomeric sealant. Sealant must be applied before closure of the seams or joints.
9.3.9
All circumferential and longitudinal seams to be secured with self tapping screws or blind rivets at a pitch of 150 mm. Rivets shall be used on permanent installations while screws shall be employed if future in service removal is anticipated.
9.3.10 Weatherproofing Application
Jacket section shall be overlapped a minimum of 50 mm width, arranged to shed water, and located over the pipe side. Overlaps shall be staggered.
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Metal jacketing over vertical pipe shall be supported on 100 mm long S-clips. The minimum number of S-clips shall be two for pipe sizes up to and including NPS 6, and four for pipe sizes over NPS 6.
The pipe fitting covers shall be tightly fastened with screws spaced on 75 mm maximum centres. Overlaps shall be 50 mm wide and arranged to shed water. Where it is impractical to maintain the 50 mm overlap, the overlapped jackets shall be secured together with screws spaced on 75 mm centres.
All pipe fitting covers shall be banded on each overlap. The overlaps of all pipe fitting covers and adjacent pipe jacket shall be arranged to prevent water migration into the insulation system. On vertical piping, the topside segment of jacket shall overlap on the bottom side segment of jacket. See Appendix 12 - Weatherproofing of Elbows, Appendix 13 - Weatherproofing of Tees and Stub-Ins and Appendix 15 - China Hat (weatherproofing).
A watertight metal termination cover shall be installed where pipe insulation terminates. Insulation at each termination shall be “square cut.” Band clips shall be equally spaced with one clip at the overlap. Termination covers shall be with a band at each circumferential overlap and sheet metal screws spaced on 75 mm centres. Flashing compound shall be applied at all possible sources of moisture penetration.
9.3.11 Where pipework may be subjected to linear expansion/contraction an insulation box shall be used at pipe supports. This arrangement will allow movement while retaining the required watershed properties.
9.3.12 Vertical legs of piping shall have a 3 mm drain hole incorporated in the jacketing at their lowest point,
typically in the outer aspect of a bend or below.
9.3.13 Following the completion of leak testing, valves and flanged joints shall be fitted with purpose made box covers fabricated from 1.0 mm steel sheet and capable of removal and replacement as required without disturbance to adjoining insulation, (See Appendix 5 – Insulation Box for Flanged Valve). Wherever feasible, all joints in the covers shall be of lockform construction incorporating an elastomer mastic sealant.
9.3.14 The design of box covers shall provide for close fitting stub collars (landing pieces) screwed or riveted into the end plates to accommodate pipe entries. Top plates shall be suitably angled to shed water. All covers shall incorporate a 3 mm drain hole located at the base (see Appendix 6 - Housing Drainage Arrangements). Box covers shall be built in at least two parts, each weighing no more than 20 kg. The box shall be closed using toggle clips.
9.3.15 Box covers may be lined with mineral wool insulation in the form of wired mattresses retained by metal
clips secured to the interior.
9.3.16 Cold boxes may employ foamed insitu insulation with polyurethane foam with an approved release
agent coated into the inside of the box.
9.3.17
If bare insulation cannot be jacketed before the end of the working day, the system shall be protected with heavy duty polythelene sheets secured in place with adhesive tapes, to prevent the insulation from becoming wet.
9.3.18 Extended stems of cryogenic valves are to be insulated up to the circular shield plate on the upper
part of the valve stem housing.
9.3.19 Pipe clamps and supports using insulating ring are dictated in Appendix 8 - Pipe Hangers and Support.
9.3.20 Particular care and attention shall be exercised in fabricating, fitting and sealing jacketing around
branches.
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Application of Hot Insulation to Vessels and Exchangers
Refer Appendix 25 to Appendix 36 for details of Insulation on vessels and exchangers
9.4.1
Horizontal Vessels and Exchangers
There shall be no permanent insulation provided to the Vessel Manhole Nozzles and Covers, Vessel Nozzles and Flanges, Exchanger girth and Piping Flanges. A customized insulation system easily removable and replaceable shall be provided-where specified on the Equipment Insulation schedule. It shall extend a minimum of 50mm over adjacent jacketing. (See Appendix-28 Horizontal vessel Insulation)
9.4.2
Vertical Vessels and Exchangers
9.4.2.1 Rigid slab insulation is preferred whenever practical. The appropriate size and thickness shall be laid with staggered joints and fastened in place with 25-50 mm wide stainless steel bands at about 450 mm intervals, tensioned so that the insulation is compressed. When the bands are in position, there shall be no cracks or open joints.
9.4.2.2 Circumferential support rings shall be specified for vertical vessels provided by the fabricator in accordance with COMPANY standard drawing for Hot Insulation Supports for Vertical and Horizontal Vessel (where available). Where standard drawing are not available it shall be spaced to suit the insulation but in no case shall exceed 3 m vertical pitch and shall be an integral part of the equipment as delivered. Support ring width shall be 13 mm less than the insulation thickness
9.4.2.3 External stiffening rings on vessels, such as vacuum columns, shall be fully and independently insulated. The jacketing shall be fully weather-proofed and allow for expansion of the vessel and the shedding of water.
9.4.2.4
Insulation of vertical vessels shall be carried out commencing at the top and continuing to the bottom to minimize the possible ingress of water to the system during construction.
9.4.2.5 All vertical joints between courses and alternate layers of insulation shall be staggered a minimum 150
mm. (See Appendix-27, Vertical vessel Insulation)
9.4.2.6
At large projections from vessel shell it may be necessary to cut boards to suit around these projections. Where it is so then the largest pieces possible shall be applied to the shells in these areas and the boards shall be cut to match adjacent horizontal joints in the normal shell insulation pattern as near to the projection as possible
9.4.3
Heat Exchanger End Covers
9.4.3.1 The body flanges on heat exchangers should not normally be insulated.
9.4.3.2 Several methods of insulating end covers may be considered, this includes:
• Flexible mineral wool mattresses covered by fixed or removable sheeted boxes may be utilised. All joints in the sheeting shall be sealed with mastic. For removable boxes, the area between the end of the metal box and exchanger cover should be sealed.
• On fixed end boxes, mattresses may be covered completely with 25 mm of Armour set cement instead of metal sheeting if preferred. A micro porous weather proofing membrane shall be applied to the cement for protection.
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9.4.4
Application of Insulation for Heads and Skirts
9.4.4.1 The heads of both vertical and horizontal vessels, tanks and equipment shall be insulated using block insulation or blankets trimmed and segmented in such a way to fit the contour of the head. (Refer Appendix 25 & Appendix 26 for details)
9.4.4.2
Insulation on bottom heads only shall be held in place by wire bands attached to blank 9.5 mm to 16 mm nuts which have been welded to the head on maximum 400 mm diamond pitch.
9.4.4.3
If blank nuts have not been provided, the insulation shall be secured by use of a floating ring of 10 mm diameter carbon steel rod positioned in the center of the head and over the insulation.
9.4.4.4 The floating ring shall not contact nozzles or any other protruding metal.
9.4.4.5 One end of a band shall be fastened to the floating ring and the other end shall be anchored to a band(s) or ring welded around the cylindrical section of the vessel close to the head, the ring shall be supplied and attached by the vessel fabricator.
9.4.4.6 Additional hold down bands 20 mm wide shall be similarly installed and shall be spaced on 400 mm
diamond pitch measured around the equipment’s circumference.
9.4.4.7
Insulation support for top and bottom dished end and support shall be in accordance with COMPANY standard drawing for Hot Insulation Supports for Vertical Vessel (where available). Where standard drawings are not available it shall be as indicated below
• On vessels that are skirt supported, the ring shall be welded to the inside of the skirt.
•
Insulation on the outside of skirts below the shell insulation support ring and insulation on the inside of skirts shall be one half the shell insulation thickness or minimum 25 mm.
• All equipment heads shall receive a layer of 25 mm hex mesh (0.89 mm wire) stainless steel above 375°C, poultry netting, and a 13 mm thick layer of insulation cement trowelled to a smooth finish.
• Dished top heads of vertical equipment/vessels, dished bottom heads of skirt supported vessels
and dished end heads of horizontal equipment/vessels shall use flat sheets.
Weatherproofing Application
9.5.1
Vessel and tubular equipment shells shall be weatherproofed with metallic jacketing.
9.5.2
Vertical overlaps of corrugated metal jacket sections shall be a minimum of one and one-half corrugations but not less than 75 mm. Vertical overlaps of non-corrugated metal jacket sections shall be a minimum of 75 mm.
9.5.3
Circumferential overlaps at the top tangent lines, transitions, and stiffeners shall be a minimum of 150 mm. All other circumferential overlaps shall be a minimum of 75 mm.
9.5.4
Metal jacketing overlaps and seams shall be arranged to shed water. Seams shall be water and weather tight.
9.5.5
Insulation on the heads and transitions shall be weatherproofed with metal jacketing fabricated from gores shaped to fit and lapped a minimum of 75 mm to ensure a weather tight construction. The gores shall be secured with screws spaced on 75 mm maximum centres. All overlaps on the top head shall have sealant.
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9.5.6
9.5.7
On vertical vessels and equipment, S-clips shall be used to keep the jacket sheets from sliding down. S-clips shall be fabricated from 20 mm wide bands. The length of the S-clip shall equal the overlap. They shall be spaced on 300 mm maximum centres but not less than three per each metal sheet.
Metal jacketing over shells less than 4.60 meters in diameter shall be secured with bands spaced on 300 mm maximum centres. Band spacing shall be calculated on an individual basis for shells greater than 4.60 meters in diameter. Each circumferential overlap shall have a band installed. J-clips, fastened to the jacket with screws, shall be used to prevent bands from sliding down. Each band shall have J-clips on 1.80 meters maximum centres but not less than four J-clips per band. The band at the overlap shall be installed over the S-clips.
9.5.8
Bands shall be secured or fastened with closed seals. Wing type seals are not allowed on tank, pressure vessel, and equipment shells.
9.5.9
Expansion springs shall be installed on each band on tank, pressure vessel, and equipment shells. The number of Expansion springs (Breather springs) per band shall be calculated as follows (fractions shall be rounded up to the nearest number):
Table 11 Expansion springs
Number of springs
Carbon steel shells
0.0018D(OT-21)
Stainless steel shell
0.0027D(OT-21)
Where
D = Diameter of the shell, in meters.
OT = Operating temperature, °C.
9.5.10 Expansion springs shall be evenly spaced and shall be stretched a maximum of 13 mm during
installation.
9.5.11
Insulated surfaces such as equipment bottom heads, which are not exposed to weather may be weatherproofed with mastic and scrim cloth in lieu of metal upon prior approval with the CONTRACTOR.
9.5.12 Appropriate metal flashing shall be provided at all protrusions through insulation jacket. Heavy fillets of flashing compound shall also be applied at all points where insulation has been cut, such as at nozzles and protrusions through the insulation jacket.
9.5.13 Metal flashing (flat sheet metal) shall be installed at the bottom insulation support on pressure vessels, tanks, and equipment. The flashing shall start at a location 100 mm under the vertical weatherproofing and cover the bottom support ring width. Use of flashing compound or caulking between the insulation jacket and the insulation support ring is not allowed as a substitute for the metal flashing.
9.5.14 Heads of vessels and tubular equipment shall be weatherproofed with metal jacketing. A minimum of 150 mm shall be turned down and overlap the shell jacketing. The jacketing shall be formed to fit the contour of the insulation. All seams shall be made up by lock-seam construction and secured with screws spaced on 125 mm maximum centres. The head jacketing overlap shall be fastened to the jacketing on the shell with sheet metal screws spaced on 125 mm centres. The head jacketing shall also be secured in place at the circumferential overlap with a band.
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9.5.15 Transitions and stiffener rings shall be weatherproofed with jacketing having weatherproof seams. All seams shall be made up by lock-seam construction with screws spaced on 125 mm centres. The jacketing shall extend under the upper shell jacketing a minimum of 15 mm and down over the lower shell jacketing a minimum of 150 mm. The overlap shall be fastened to the jacketing on the shell with sheet metal screws spaced on 125 mm centres.
Hot Service Insulation of Tanks
Method of installing insulation of tanks shall be similar to the vertical EQUIPMENT insulation with the following exceptions and additions.
9.6.1
Tank Shell
9.6.1.1 General
Tank shell shall be insulated with cellular glass and mineral wool slabs. (See Appendix 37A - insulated tank for typical details)
The bottom 300mm of shell shall be insulated with 50mm cellular glass slabs installed in two layers. The joints between the two layers shall be staggered.
The rest of the tank shell shall be insulated with mineral wool slabs of thickness 110 mm and thermal conductivity of 0.048 W/mK at 100oC in two layers. The slabs shall be installed in double layers with the joints in the insulation staggered.
For Sulphur Tank Typical Insulation details see Appendix 37B
9.6.1.2
Insulation Securement
Pencil rods, used to secure the insulation and jacketing material, shall be installed by the tank fabricator.
Bands use to secure insulation and weatherproofing jacket shall be secured to vertical rods (also known as pencil rods). See Appendix 37 - Insulated tank and Appendix 38 - Insulated tank at pencil rod for fabrication and attachment of the rods to the tank shell.
The insulation gaps over the pencil rods shall be completely filled with blanket type insulation and a strip of weatherproofing jacket shall be installed over the insulation and held in place with screws spaced on 150 mm centres on the adjacent insulation weatherproofing. The minimum overlap of the strip on the adjacent jacket shall be 150 mm on both vertical sides. Strips shall overlap each other a minimum of 150 mm and arranged to shed water.
Only closed (crimp type) seals shall be used for bands. Wing type seals are not allowed. The maximum distance between bands shall not exceed 300 mm. Each overlap must have at least one band.
Expansion spring requirements shall be calculated and installed in accordance with the formulas given for equipment in section 9.5 .
Shop fabricated tank insulation panels may be used subject to the CONTRACTOR/ COMPANY approval. Details of the panels shall be submitted for CONTRACTOR’S and COMPANY’S approval prior to use.
9.6.2
Tank Roof
If roof insulation is required, proposals shall be obtained from specialist insulation subcontractors based on the size, shape and flex, operating temperature, and roof stiffeners of each tank requiring insulation. The proposals shall be approved by CONTRACTOR / COMPANY.
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Typically Tank is insulated with mineral wool slab and compression resistant mineral wool slabs of thickness 100 mm. shall be laid in double layers, over the tank roof plate. All joints in the slabs shall be staggered
9.6.2.1 Projections
Nozzles shall be insulated following the same procedure as piping and insulation thickness as per the operating temperatures shall be applied in accordance with the Project Specifications.
Cutouts shall be made at site on jacketing for vent piping, nozzles, etc., on the tank roof and a collar fitted to the same. Metal joint sealant would be used to seal all cutout joints.
9.6.3
Tank Base
When insulation of the tank base is required (e.g., for liquid sulphur tanks) the following sequence of insulation layers shall be used using Foamglas® HLB-115 blocks or equivalent based on specialized Insulation sub-Contractor.(refer Appendix 37B)
• A layer of bitumen primer shall be applied on the tank base prior to laying of Foamglas® HLB-115
blocks.
• The first layer of Foamglas® HLB-115 blocks of thickness 75 mm. shall be laid, with all joints
sealed with approved sealant PC-88.
• The second layer of Foamglas® HLB-115 blocks of thickness 75 mm. will be laid over the first
layer, with all joints staggered and sealed with PC-88.
• The third layer of Foamglas® HLB-115 blocks of thickness 75 mm. will be laid over the second
layer, with all joints staggered and sealed with PC-88.
• Finally, a finishing layer of sand and bitumen shall be laid over the Foamglas® layers, to follow
the contour of the tank base.
Application of Insulation for Irregular Surfaces
9.7.1
Irregular surfaces i.e. including turbines, pumps, compressors, etc. should not be insulated unless particularly desirable from process, safety or energy conservation aspects in which case insulation shall be applied in accordance with this specification or to original equipment CONTRACTOR/Vendor specification as appropriate.
9.7.2 Where it is essential to insulate such equipment, mouldable insulation should be used due to the awkward configuration of the equipment. The insulation shall be covered with a complete layer of hard set cement and subsequently overcoated with a micro porous weather proofing membrane.
9.7.3
The insulation cement shall be applied in maximum of 25 mm thick layers until the scheduled thickness is obtained.
9.7.4
Each layer shall have 25 mm hex mesh galvanized iron wire laced in place for reinforcement.
9.7.5
The final layer shall be trowelled to a smooth even finish prior to application of the micro porous membrane finish.
9.7.6
Fittings shall be insulated with premoulded fitting insulation, mitred pipe insulation or mineral wool blankets secured by stainless steel wire where bands are impractical.
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9.7.7
9.7.8
At any transition from metal jacketing to a cementitious finish, the metal jacketing shall overlap the cementitious finish by a minimum distance of 200 mm and the joint fully sealed with elastomeric sealant. Cement finish must not be used in fire exposed or high traffic areas.
Irregularly shaped surfaces, which cannot be suitably weatherproofed with metal jacketing, shall be finished with a 15 mm thick layer of finishing cement. A 4 mm thick coat of weatherproofing mastic with reinforcing fabric shall be applied over the cured cement. This finish shall extend at least 50 mm under the adjacent metal jacketing. No porosity shall exist in the weatherproofing mastic when dry.
Sheet metal screws for fastening the metal weatherproofing shall have a neoprene washer under its head.
Inspection Windows
9.8.1
Piping Insulation Windows: The NPS 2 and above thermally insulated (Hot and Cold) piping shall be provided with insulation windows for carrying out NDT thickness survey. Unless specified otherwise, the Insulation windows shall be as follows:
• One location in every 20 meter of the straight pipe subject to minimum of one point every straight
length of piping.
• Such location shall include at least 6” from fitting where changes in direction occur.
Whenever line changes its direction, it is considered a new part and shall have inspection window.
• Up to NPS 8: two points at top and bottom and above NPS 8 four inspection windows at 90º in
any cross section.
• For bends and elbows up to NPS 6, one inspection window outside axis at changing direction. NPS 6 to NPS 18, two inspections at 30º and 45º depending on direction of flow. Above NPS 18, 3 windows at 30º, 45º & 60º.
• Alternate expansion loop bends shall be provided with inspection windows. The number shall be
as per piping size.
9.8.2
Equipment Insulation Windows
• Dished ends with 1-2 meter diameter shall have minimum of three inspection windows on knuckle
areas. 2-4 meter diameter shall have four to six windows on knuckle areas.
• Shell portion after every meter length shall have two inspection windows 180º apart.
• All nozzles higher than NPS 4 shall have one inspection window including manway nozzles.
• For columns a minimum of two inspection windows shall be provided on each platform level
excluding manway nozzles.
• Thermally insulated tanks shall have inspection windows along the ladder after every two meter
length.
• Thermally insulated tank roof shall have a minimum of 8-10 inspection windows depending on size.
The location shall be near the top walking/working platform or railings.
9.8.3
Design of Inspection Windows/Plugs
• The inspection windows shall be circular easily removable, plug type, set tightly on outside thermal
insulation sheeting.
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• The removable part shall be made of silicone rubber and secured with a small chain made of AISI 316 stainless steel. The ring joint between jacketing and the fix part shall also be made of silicone rubber.
• The size of plug shall be such that after removing the box, the ultrasonic probe with on hand shall
reach easily on equipment bare surfaces.
• The dimension of inspection windows boxes shall be approved by company.
• The inspection windows shall be such that no water shall enter in the equipment after securing the
boxes in position.
• The inspection windows shall be Quick Control type from CARBONE + or approved equivalent.
The junction between Inspection windows and permanent insulation and the Inspection windows shall be easily distinguishable from a distance. Contractor should provide marked up drawing of locations of Inspection windows for review and approval by COMPANY
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PART 2: COLD INSULATION
GENERAL
COLD INSULATION CLASIFICATION
10.1.1 Cold insulation where required prevents condensation or icing on the outside surface of the insulating system, conserve low temperatures or controls heat input into the contained fluid within a temperature range of ambient and below. An important requirement of a cold insulation system is to prevent water ingress into the insulation. The presence of water as vapour, liquid or ice in the insulation will decrease its insulating value and may eventually lead to under lagging corrosion of the insulated metal surfaces. In order to prevent water ingress and under lagging corrosion, the vapour barriers and metallic jacketing should be properly selected and applied and all insulated metal surfaces shall be suitably painted in accordance to AGES-SP-07-004.
10.1.2 Dual temperature service: It is defined as vessels, equipment, and piping at operating temperatures below ambient and where intermittently temperatures may occur up to 150°C, or with normal pipe operating temperatures which are above ambient but intermittently reach ambient temperatures for a longer period of time where good causes for occurrence of condensation within the insulation finish exist. Where required, this insulation prevents surface condensation, conserves low temperatures or controls heat input into the contained fluid within the temperature range of -100 °C up to +150 °C.
Insulation system
10.2.1 For cold and dual-temperature services in the temperature range from below ambient up to 90 °C, both Polyurethane Foam / Polyisocyanurate Foam (PUF/PIR) or cellular glass can be used. Above 90 °C, only cellular glass shall be used. The insulation system for cold and dual-temperature services can be applied either completely with layers of rigid pre-formed sections (PUF/PIR and/or cellular glass) or a combination of pre-formed sections with dispensed PUF.
10.2.1.1 Where the use of pre-formed polyisocyanurate foam sections is impractical and with the prior agreement of COMPANY, sprayed or foamed in situ materials may be considered. Samples shall be taken during application for quality control purposes.
10.2.1.2 The insulation system for cold and dual-temperature services can be applied either completely with layers of rigid pre-formed sections (PUF/PIR and/or cellular glass) or a combination of pre-formed sections and a layer of dispensed PUF.
10.2.1.3 A secondary vapor barrier shall be applied between the outermost layer and the next inner layer of the insulation, except in the case when only cellular glass is used. The insulation shall then be finished with a primary vapor barrier on the outside and surrounded with a metallic jacket. The various types of insulation systems are shown in Appendix 41 - details for insulation systems.
10.2.1.4 The insulation contractor may propose alternative insulation systems, provided the materials used meet the requirements of this specification and that the systems have demonstrated thermal and structural integrity after “cryogenic condition” testing of 10 thermal cycles. The test pipe for cryogenic condition testing shall have a minimum diameter of NPS 10 and a minimum length of 4.0 m. Insulation system is acceptable if no icing or structural damage occurs during testing.
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Piping and Equipment
All piping and equipment shall be insulated as a unit with a vapour stop at each interruption, including but not limited to valves, flanges, elbows, tees, supports, hangers and other protrusions. The vapour stop to be executed as described in Section 13.1.5 below.
All pipe supports shall be of a “pre-engineered design” incorporating multi-layered monolithic moulded high density polyurethane of half pipe sections, factory-assembled with a vapour barrier and protection shield.
Extent of insulation
10.4.1 General
a) When cold insulation is required, the entire system shall be fully insulated to such an extent that all piping components, piping/tubing of instruments, drains, equipment nozzles and supports are properly included.
b) All metal parts which protrude through the insulation shall be insulated (Appendix 50A - Details for the Extent of Insulation along Equipment Supports & Appendix-50B- Pipe Trunnion Support Insulation Details ). There shall be a minimum of 300 mm of bare metal after termination of the insulation. Protruding metal parts include, but are not limited to, skirts, lugs, legs, saddles, clips and pipe trunnion supports.
c) Each line shall be insulated as a single unit. A minimum clearance of 50 mm shall be provided between the outer surface of the insulation and any obstruction such as structural steel, electrical conduits, piping or other insulated lines, to prevent unnecessary cut-outs, thickness reductions etc., which would influence the thermal performance.
10.4.2 Equipment Support
a) When equipment is supported on metal saddles, the insulation shall be carried down the saddles (from the low point of the vessel shell) a minimum of 4 times the insulation thickness (Appendix 50A - Details for the Extent of Insulation along Equipment Supports).
b) The saddles shall be of sufficient length to allow a minimum of 300 mm of bare metal after
termination of the insulation.
c) The insulation collar shall be constructed in such a manner to serve as a continuous vapour barrier
for the insulation.
d) The insulation collar shall be seal-welded at all contact points with the saddle, including main
support members and all gusset and stiffener members.
e) The insulation collar shall extend horizontally beyond the saddle to support the full thickness of
insulation.
f) The vapour barrier and metallic jacket shall extend over the edge of the insulation collar and
terminate on the underside of the insulation collar.
g) Skirts supporting vertical equipment shall be insulated inside and outside from the bottom tangent line for a distance of minimum four times the insulation thickness but not less than 300 mm (Appendix 50A - Details for the Extent of Insulation along Equipment Supports). The exception to this requirement are skirts less than 1.2 m in diameter and less than 2 m in height where the skirt shall be of sufficient length to allow for a minimum of 300 mm of uninsulated skirt at the bottom.
h) For skirts less than 1.2 m in diameter and less than 2 m in height, the entire interior cavity of the skirt shall be filled with PUF. The skirt opening shall be sealed by a rigid PIR disk inserted into the opening and sealed with a 3.2 mm Primary Vapour Barrier Mastic.
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i) When skirts are to be insulated by filling the cavity, the bottom of the skirt cavity, including anchor- bolt openings, shall first be vapour sealed with a 3.2 mm Primary Vapour Barrier Mastic (Section 12.5).
10.4.3 Attachments
a) All metal such as insulation support rings or stiffeners, which are an integral part of the vessel, shall be insulated with half the total insulation thickness. Full thickness is required for single layer application.
b) Gauge glasses of insulated equipment operating at 0°C and above shall be fully insulated except
for the face of the glass.
c) Gauge glasses of equipment operating below 0°C shall be furnished with a frost-free extension
which shall extend a minimum of 20 mm beyond the outer surface of the insulation.
d) Nameplates, coding tags etc. shall be insulated with removable insulating covers. A duplicate nameplate shall be installed over the outside surface of the insulation cover. The method of attachment shall not puncture the vapour seal. The supply of the duplicate nameplates shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
10.4.4 Pumps and Compressors
When pumps and compressors are to be insulated, thermal dams shall be provided to isolate the pump support from supporting steel or concrete.
Personnel Protection (Cold service)
Where personnel protection is specified for uninsulated process piping and equipment having an operating temperature of minus 10°C and below and whose location presents a personnel hazard, the surfaces shall be determined and provided with a suitable protection to an extent determined by CONTRACTOR. This shall generally be limited to within the confines of a normal working area bounded by distances of not more than 2.5 m vertically or 1 m horizontally beyond access ways, ladders, platforms and work areas at ground level or elevations used by operating and maintenance personnel similar to Hot service.
Insulation should only be used for personnel protection (cold service) if other alternative protective measures such as open mesh guards, expanded metal shields, hand railings or other physical barriers are not suitable. (Refer Section 8.3 above for details of guards). The insulation thickness for personnel protection (cold service) shall be a minimum of 25 mm thick.
LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF COLD INSULATION
This specification does not cover the insulation or coatings for underground piping or equipment
MATERIALS AND DESIGN
Insulation materials
Materials furnished under this specification shall be standard catalogued products, new and commercially available, suitable for service requiring high performance and reliability with low maintenance and free from all defects.
Materials include insulation materials, accessories (staples, bands, mesh wire, clips, pins, screws, tape, anchors, corner angles and similar recommended accessories) and compounds (adhesives,
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coatings, and sealers) and protective finishes and similar items recommended for the applications indicated.
All accessories and materials (i.e., coatings, adhesives, sealants, sealers etc.) are to be shipped to the job site in the original, marked, unopened containers/boxes as provided by the manufacturers The following alternative methods of manufacture/transportation of the pre-formed PUF/PIR materials should be considered and the insulation contractor shall submit details to CONTRACTOR/COMPANY for approval.
• Manufactured and fabricated complete at the insulation manufacturer’s works.
• Manufactured at the insulation manufacturers works and transported as bun stock for fabrication
in field workshop facilities.
• Manufactured and fabricated completely in the field employing mobile manufacturing facilities.
If foam materials in the form of bun stock are transported by ship, protection against salt spray and weathering shall be provided by wrapping buns in ultraviolet resistant polyethylene, tarpaulins or in closed containers.
Following fabrication, all pre-formed insulation is required to be transported to and stored on the site in approved boxes/cartons.
Basic premixed chemicals for the in situ moulded foam shall be produced freshly and used within the factory advised shelf life of the product, taking into account all time lapses for transportation and storage.
Transport of the basic premixed chemicals for the in situ moulded foam shall be done in accordance with the factory instructions for transporting/storing of the chemicals.
12.1.1 Pre-formed PUF/PIR
Pre-formed PUF/PIR shall have the following minimum properties:
a) Thermal conductivity at 20 °C mean temperature per ASTM C-177 measured on 25 mm thick foam, cut on both sides and aged at 21 °C for 180 days shall be no greater than 0.023 W/m.K. The thermal conductivity for freshly blown foam shall be no greater than 0.020 W/m.K.
b) Minimum percentage of closed cells 90% (percent) per ASTM D-2856.
c) Maximum water vapor permeance at 38 °C and 100% RH shall be 4.38 x 10-3 µg/Ns (ASTM E-
96).
d) Linear coefficient of thermal expansion/contraction 70 x 10-6 per °C (BS 4370).
e) Fire resistive properties:
ISO 3582 / (10/10 SE): self-extinguishing
o o ASTM D-3014: 90% retention of weight
f) Maximum leachable halides content 90 ppm.
g) Structural properties.
h) The density and the chemical formulation of the foam shall be selected in such a way that the
following relation is satisfied:
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Where:
σ
E
α
= Tensile strength of the foam at -165°C (minimum value of all directions in kPa)
= Tensile modulus of the foam at -165°C (maximum value of all directions in kPa)
= Average linear contraction coefficient of the foam from -165° up to +21°C (maximum value of all directions)
T2-T1 = 185°C; temperature difference between cold surface and surroundings
φ
= 0.4; Poisson’s ratio at -165°C estimated value. Other values may be used if substantiated by experimental data.
The formula above is a safety factor, expressing the ratio of the tensile strength of material and the tensile stress induced in the material under cryogenic circumstances.
In addition to the above requirements the foam shall have:
o A minimum density of 45 kg/m3, measured per ASTM D-1622. o Compressive strengths of at least 200 kPa and 250 kPa at 10% deformation and at 20 °C,
perpendicular and parallel to foam rise respectively, as per ASTM D-1621.
i) The above thermal and structural properties shall be supplemented by the following data:
o Test reports on compressive, tensile and shear strength and moduli in X, Y and Z
directions at 21 °C and also at -165 °C. (ASTM C-165).
o Thermal conductivity versus temperature curve of the foam from -165 °C to 65 °C with adequate definition as per ASTM C-177 or C-518 measured on sample cut from freshly blown foam, after initial cure, parallel to foam rise. Minimum of six data points are required.
o Thermal conductivity versus time curve of foam aged for 180 days at 21 °C and 50% RH measured by ASTM C-518 at 24 °C parallel to foam rise. Adequate points are required to define curve.
o Thermal conductivity versus temperature curve of foam aged for 180 days from -40°C to 65°C measured by ASTM C-518 parallel to foam rise. Minimum of six data points are required.
o Contraction/expansion coefficients versus temperature curves from -165°C to 21°C in X,
Y and Z directions.
j) Where supplied in two halves, pipe sections shall be oversized to accommodate contractions, see Appendix 56 - Contraction Gap between Pipe/Equipment Surface and Inner Layer of PUF (For Preformed Pipe Sections Only).
k) For all sizes up to and including NPS 10, the PUF/PIR shall be applied in two half sections.
l) For sizes over NPS 10 and equipment between 250 mm and 3600 mm diameters, the PUF/PIR shall be supplied in radiuses and bevelled segments having a width on the outside radius of minimum 450 mm.
m) For equipment in excess of 3600 mm diameter, the PUF/PIR may be supplied in flat bevelled
blocks of maximum 150 mm wide.
n) For equipment heads, the PUF/PIR shall be supplied preferably all in radiused and bevelled head
segments for diameters between 900 mm and 3600 mm.
o) For equipment heads up to 900 mm these shall be supplied in one piece blocks.
p) For equipment heads over 3600 mm flat and bevelled blocks shall be used.
12.1.2 Pre-formed Spacers
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Pre-formed Spacers shall be of PUF/PIR with the following minimum properties:
a) The spacers shall consist of fully monolithic molded (180°) half pipe sections with a minimum
density of 50 kg/m3, designed to form compartments for the in-situ molding operation.
b) The foam shall have a fire-resistive property as defined in ISO 3582 (10/10 SE): self-extinguishing.
c) Minimum percentage of closed cells 90% per ASTM D-2856.
d) Compressive strength:
e) 240 kPa minimum perpendicular to foam rise
f) 290 kPa minimum parallel to foam rise.
g) Thermal conductivity at 20 °C mean temperature per ASTM C-177, measured on 25 mm thick foam cut on both sides and aged at 21 °C for 180 days shall be no greater than 0.025 W/m.K.
h) The leachable halides content shall not exceed 90 ppm.
12.1.3
In-Situ Molded/Dispensed PUF
The foam injection process shall be compatible with the atmospheric site conditions and a minimum temperature of 15°C shall be maintained for foam components.
The products are to be delivered on site in two components ready for use with the following foam properties:
a) Fire properties Self-extinguishing in accordance with ISO 3582 / (10/10 SE).
b) Density after molding shall be 45 kg/m3, ± 5%, in accordance with ASTM D-1622.
c) The free rise density shall be 28 (± 2) kg/m3, to ensure good compaction of the foam and good
homogeneity due to high compression rate.
d) Thermal conductivity shall be as in Section 12.1.1.
e) Minimum percentage of closed cells 90% (percent) per ASTM D-2856.
f) The leachable halides content shall not exceed 30 ppm.
g) Structural properties shall be as Table 12 below:
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Table 12 In-Situ Moulded/Dispensed PUF structural properties
Property
Unit
Requirement
Test
Water absorption
% vol.
3 or less
ASTM D-2842
Coefficient of linear thermal contraction
Tensile strength parallel to rise:
-at room temperature -at -196°C
Tensile strength perpendicular to rise:
- at room temperature
- at -196°C
Tensile modulus parallel to rise:
- at room temperature
- at -196°C
Tensile modulus perpendicular to rise
- at room temperature
- at -196 °C
m/m°C
(50-100)10-6
ASTM D-696
kPa kPa
kPa kPa
MPa MPa
MPa MPa
500-700 600-800
ASTM D-1623 ASTM D-1623
500-700 700-800
ASTM D-1623 ASTM D-1623
Average 14 Average 27.5
ASTM D-1623 ASTM D-1623
Average 13 Average 28.5
ASTM D-1623 ASTM D-1623
h)
In addition to the above requirements, the foam shall also comply with the compressive strengths as specified in Section 12.1.1.
i) The above thermal and structural properties shall be supplemented by test reports as specified in
Section 12.1.1.
j) PUF material for pipe supports shall be the following:
o For pipe sizes NPS 6 and under, foam shall be 160 kg/m3 high density polyurethane with a minimum ultimate compressive strength of 2 MPa at 20 °C and a design stress of 735 kPa.
o For pipe sizes NPS 8 through NPS 24, foam shall be 224 kg/m3 high density polyurethane with a minimum ultimate compressive strength of 4 MPa at 20 °C and a design stress of 1.15 MPa.
o For pipe sizes NPS 24 and larger foam shall be 320 kg/m3 high density polyurethane with a minimum ultimate compressive strength of 7 MPa at 20 °C and a design stress of 1.8 Mpa.
o When tested at cryogenic temperature of -160°C, the maximum apparent thermal
conductivity shall be as follows:
160 kg/m3
224 kg/m3
320 kg/m3
0.022 W/m.K
0.025 W/m.K
0.035 W/m.K
k) The above values shall be substantiated by the vendor by independent laboratory test reports.
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12.1.4 Cellular Glass
Cellular glass shall have the following minimum properties:
a) Rigid cellular glass, factory shaped/cut into half sections, radiused and bevelled segments, and
slabs of minimum 600 mm length.
b) Average density 120 kg/m3 (+/- 10%) in accordance with ASTM C-303.
c) Thermal conductivity, as per ASTM C-518:
Mean temperature, °C
W/mK
+20
0
-20
-50
-100
0.042
0.038
0.035
0.029
0.023
d) Average compressive strength in accordance with ASTM C-165 shall not be less than 415 kPa.
e) Water vapor transmission: 0 (ASTM E-96).
f) Linear coefficient of thermal expansion: 9.0 x 10-6/ °C. (± 10%).
g) Fire resistive properties as per BS 476: Non-combustible.
h) Average modulus of elasticity as per ASTM C-623: 800 MPa.
i) For pipe sizes involving a diameter of NPS 8 and under, cellular glass insulation shall be supplied
in two half sections a minimum of 600 mm long.
j) For pipe sizes with diameters exceeding NPS 10 and for equipment up to 7000 mm diameter, cellular glass insulation shall be supplied in radiused and bevelled segments. For pipe and equipment diameters up to 1000 mm, the width of the outside radius of the insulation shall be between 140 mm to 160 mm. For pipe and equipment diameters above 1000 mm and up to 7000 mm, the width of the outside radius of the insulation shall be between 210 mm and 435 mm.
k) For equipment in excess of 7000 mm diameter, cellular glass insulation shall be supplied in flat
blocks of minimum 300 mm wide.
l) For equipment heads and spherical tanks special factory radiused and bevelled segments to suit
the curvature of heads/tanks as much as possible shall be used.
m) All circumferential and longitudinal joints in pipe sections, radiused and bevelled segments and
slabs shall be of the butt type.
n) For all temperatures from -175 °C up to +150 °C, the fabrication adhesive for laminating cellular
glass billets shall be hot asphalt (ASTM D312 Type III)
o) For temperatures exceeding 150 °C a double layer construction shall be used. Both layers shall
be bonded by means of a high temperature gypsum adhesive.
12.1.5 Medium Density Rock Wool Board
Medium density rock wool board stock having the following properties shall be used for contraction joints:
a) Density 32 kg/m3 (± 10%).
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b) Thermal conductivity at 25°C mean temperature: 0.035 W/mK or less.
c) The material shall be free from delamination or fiber fallout when tested to BS 2972.
12.1.6
Low Density Rock Wool Blankets
Low Density rock wool blankets having the following properties shall be used for packing voids between piping/equipment and insulation:
a) Density: 24 kg/m3 (± 10%).
b) Thermal conductivity at 25°C mean temperature: 0.034 W/mK or less.
c) The material shall be free from delamination and fiber fallout when tested to BS 2972.
12.1.7 Heavy Density Rock Wool Pipe Sections/Slab
Heavy Density Rock Wool having the following properties for fire protection insulation.
a) The insulation shall be in accordance with ASTM C-547, Class 3, with the following amendments.
b) The insulation shall be made rigid with an organic binder.
c) The minimum density shall be 130 kg/m3.
d) The length of the insulation sections/slabs shall be 500 mm or 1000/1200 mm.
e) Half pipe sections are to be used up to and including inside dimensions of NPS 24.
f) For sizes over NPS 24 suitably bevelled segments are to be used, which shall be adhered together
with high-temperature fibrous adhesive.
Thickness of Insulation
a) Typical insulation thickness that to prevent condensation on the outside of the insulation system
are indicated in:
o Table 13 for PUF/PIR o Table 14 for cellular glass.
b) Stipulated thicknesses do not include the covering or jacketing, the insulating effect of which is neglected. This thickness shall be used also for personnel protection (cold service) where the sole use of guards is not deemed appropriate.
c) The CONTRACTOR shall check and recalculate thicknesses using the specific site temperature, relative humidity of and wind speed based on project specific environmental data if other than indicated in the Tables 13 and 14.
d) Where shown to be more economical or technically advantageous, the insulation shall consist of two or more layers of dissimilar approved materials, provided their respective service temperature limits are appropriate for the duty.
e)
f)
All multi-layer insulation should have the inner layers banded or taped and joints shall be staggered. Any deviance in this respect shall be subject to COMPANY approval. Table 15 provides the typical construction of multi-layer insulation.
If insulation is furnished in standard thicknesses other than indicated in Table 13 and Table 14, the next thicker available standard size of the specified material commercially available shall be applied.
g) The thickness of the basic insulation on equipment heads shall be the same as the thickness on
the cylindrical sections of the vessel.
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h) The thickness of the basic insulation on pipe fittings, valves and flanges shall be the same as the
thickness applied on the adjoining pipe.
i)
The thickness of insulation for protruding parts shall be based upon the fluid temperature of the pipe or equipment to which the part is attached and the “size” determined as follows:
- For cylindrical attachments, use the nearest pipe size corresponding to the diameter of the
attachment.
- For structural shapes, use the longest dimension (of the nominal section size)
corresponding to the pipe size. For example:
o an 8” wide flange (WF) is equivalent NPS 8 pipe o A 6” x 4” angle is equivalent to a NPS 6 pipe.
j)
The thickness of insulation on vessel clips shall be tapered down from the full thickness at the outside surface of the vessel shell insulation to the inside face of the outer flange (Appendix 51 - Vessel Clip Insulation Details).
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Table 13 PUF Insulation Thickness (mm)
Pipe Diameter
Operating temperature, °C
(NPS )
20
0
-20
40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
Vessels
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
18
26
33
43
53
19
27
35
45
56
20
29
37
48
59
21
31
40
52
65
22
33
43
55
68
24
35
46
60
75
25
37
49
64
79
63
67
70
77
81
89
95
69
73
77
85
89
98
75
79
83
91
96
80
84
89
97
84
89
94
103
103
108
106
113
119
104
112
120
127
26
40
52
69
86
103
114
123
131
138
27
41
55
73
91
109
120
130
139
147
28
43
57
75
95
114
126
136
146
154
28
44
58
78
98
118
130
141
151
159
29
44
59
79
99
120
132
143
153
162
29
45
60
80
102
123
135
146
157
166
29
46
61
82
103
125
138
149
160
169
30
46
62
83
104
127
140
151
162
172
30
47
63
84
107
130
143
155
167
177
31
50
69
94
123
153
171
188
203
218
Ambient temperature, °C: min 5, max 50
Humidity, %: min 6, max 100
Wind velocity, m/s: 44
Emissivity: 0.9
Notes:
• Thickness may be rounded off to the nearest higher MANUFACTURER’s thickness (minimum
thickness 25 mm).
• All piping over NPS 24 shall be insulated in accordance with the thickness specified for
vessels.
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Table 14 Cellular glass- Insulation thickness (mm)
Pipe Diameter.
Operating temperature, °C
(NPS )
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
Vessels
12
12
13
14
14
15
16
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
29
31
33
35
37
41
43
46
48
49
51
51
52
53
54
54
59
43
55
66
76
84
46
58
70
80
89
92
97
100
107
113
105
112
119
48
62
74
84
94
103
111
119
126
53
68
81
92
103
113
121
130
138
56
71
85
98
109
119
128
137
145
61
78
94
107
120
131
141
151
160
64
83
99
114
127
139
150
160
170
70
90
108
124
139
152
164
176
187
73
95
115
132
147
162
175
187
198
76
99
120
138
155
169
183
196
208
78
103
124
143
160
175
189
202
215
80
104
126
145
162
178
193
206
219
81
107
129
148
166
182
197
211
224
83
108
131
151
169
186
201
216
229
84
110
133
154
172
189
205
220
234
85
112
136
158
177
195
211
227
241
96
130
162
191
218
244
268
291
313
Ambient temperature, °C: min 5, max 50
Humidity, %: min 6, max 100
Wind velocity, m/s: 44
Emissivity: 0.9
Notes:
• Thickness may be rounded off to the nearest higher MANUFACTURER’s thickness (minimum
thickness 25 mm).
• All piping over NPS 24 shall be insulated in accordance with the thickness specified for
vessels.
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Table 15 Layering of insulation
Total insulation
Combination of:
Preformed
Preformed
thickness (mm) Preformed PUF/PIR (mm) Preformed Cellular Glass PUF/PIR
Cellular Glass
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
30
40
50
30/30
30/40
30/50
40/50
50/50
50/60
50/70
50/80
50/90
50/100
50/60/50
50/70/50
50/80/50
50/90/50
50/100/50
30
40
50
60
70
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
30
40
50
30/30
30/40
40/40
50/40
50/50
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
50/60
50/60
30/40/50
60/60
30/50/50
60/70
40/50/50
70/70
50/50/50
70/80
50/60/50
80/80
50/70/50
80/90
50/80/50
90/90
50/90/50
90/100
50/100/50
100/100
50/50/60/50
70/70/70
50/50/70/50
70/70/80
50/50/80/50
70/80/80
50/50/90/50
80/80/80
50/50/100/50
80/80/90
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Joint Sealant/ Adhesive Materials
12.3.1 The joint sealant used to seal all cellular glass insulation for dual temperatures and those parts in the
insulation system that shall be readily removable shall have the following minimum properties:
Table 16 Butyl Sealant Properties
Property
Consistency
Colour
Unit
Value
Soft paste
Grey
Service temperature (Material shall remain soft and tough in service and shall not crack or shrink with thermal cycling)
°C
-56.6 to +82
Water vapor transmission (at 3 mm dry-film thickness) ASTM E-96
perms
£ 0.03
Solids
Flame spread
Smoke development
Vol. %
84
ASTM E-84
5
5
- perms
= permeance = WVT/Dp (ASTM E96)
WVT
Dp
= rate of water vapor transmission, g/hm2
= vapor pressure difference, mm Hg
12.3.2 The joint sealant/adhesive used to seal all PUF/PIR inner/intermediate layers shall be as described in
section 12.4.1.4
12.3.3 The fabrication adhesive used for bonding together pieces of prefabricated PUF/PIR insulation for removable fittings/flange covers and valves, shall be a fire resistive two-part component material with the following minimum properties:
Table 17 PUF/PIR Adhesive Properties
Property
Unit
Colour
Consistency
Specific gravity
Flammability:
kg/l
wet
dry
Value
Grey
Soft paste
1.3-1.8
Non-flammable Fire resistive
Service temperature
°C
-70 to +90
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12.3.4 The adhesive used to bond insulation and/or supports to piping/equipment in cold insulation shall be a virtually 100% solids free, three component cryogenic adhesive, enabling bonding between non- porous surfaces without problems of evaporation and having the following minimum properties:
Table 18 Cold Insulation Adhesive
Property
Colour
Consistency
Specific gravity
Service temperature range
Unit
kg/l
°C
Value
Black
Thixotropic
1.8
-196 to +121
12.3.5 The anti-abrasive coating to be applied as a bore coating to all cellular glass in insulation, applied to aluminum piping and/or piping under vibrational influences shall be Hydrocal® B-11 or equivalent, an inorganic gypsum coating designed for the specified purpose and having the following minimum properties:
Property
Colour
Appearance
Table 19 Anti-Abrasive Coating Properties
Unit
Value
Grey
Heavy, fine, odourless powder
Consistency/When mixed with water
pH
Brushing
Alkaline
Service Temperature
°C
-268 to 427
Combustibility
Incombustible wet or dry
12.3.6 The metal sealant suitable for gun extrusion to a minimum of 4 mm at all overlaps in the metallic jacket, shall be a tough flexible elastomer based material, comprising polymeric vapor sealant of butyl rubber with permanent flexibility, good adhesion and having the following minimum properties:
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Table 20 Metal Sealant Properties
Property
Unit
Colour
Consistency
Specific gravity
Average non-volatile content
Flammability:
-
wet
dry
Value
Light grey
Soft paste
1.55
65-70
kg/l
% wt.
BS 476, Part 7
Non-flammable Class 1
Service temperature range
°C
-70 to +120
12.3.7 A fire-resistant elastomer sealant shall be used for sealing all longitudinal and circumferential joints in metal jacketing and secondary sealing of all joint in segmental bends and lock-form joints. Fire resistant elastomer sealant shall be ordered from COMPANY approved Vendors.
12.3.8 All outer and intermediate layer joints between sections of segments of insulation shall be tightly sealed
with a joint sealing compound.
12.3.9 Mastics & sealants shall be ready-mixed materials which remain permanently flexible and tight to the diffusion of water vapour. They shall be compatible with the insulating and vapour barrier materials and suitable up to the highest operating temperature.
Vapour Barrier
12.4.1 Primary Metal Vapor Barrier for Foamed (PUR only)
The vapour barrier shall be of a corrugated aluminium sheet, alloy 3003 or 5005 in accordance with ASTM B-209. Material to have a factory applied moisture barrier of a laminate of chemically inert polyethylene and a layer of Kraft paper (without adhesives), to ensure the highest adhesion with the foam. Thickness of the vapor barrier shall be at least 0.2 mm minimum.
12.4.2 Primary Vapor Barrier Mastic (PIR only)
The vapour barrier mastic shall be a heavy duty highly durable flexible elastomeric polymer “Hypalon” based fire-retardant coating with exceptional dry film strength and good puncture resistance and shall have the following minimum properties:
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Table 21 Primary Vapour Barrier Mastic properties
Property
Temperature resistance
Water vapour transmission ASTM E-96 at 0.75 mm dry film thickness
Average non-volatile
Fire resistance:
ASTM E-84/76A flame spread
Smoke developed
Fuel Contribution
Spread of flame (BS 476)
Specific gravity
Consistency
Minimum applied thickness (dry film)
Minimum HYPALON content
Minimum coats
Unit
°C
perms*
vol. %
kg/l
Thixotropic soft paste
mm
%
Value
-40 to +120
0.02
30
20
5
10
Class 1
1.1-1.3
1.2
15
3
12.4.3 Secondary Foil Vapor Barrier (PIR Only)
The vapour barrier shall be a three-layer lamination of polyester film/aluminium foil/polyester film, with the following minimum properties:
Table 22 Foil Vapour Barrier properties
Physical and Chemical Properties
Polyester layer
Aluminium foil
Elongation:
-
LD
- TD
Tensile strength:
-
LD
-
TD
Humidity absorption
Water vapour transmission
Temperature resistance
Unit
µm
µm
%
%
kg/15x100 mm2
kg/15x100 mm2
%
perms*
°C
Value
≥12
≥25
≥50
≥50
≥ 8
≥10
0.3 max.
<0.001
-60/+150
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- perms
WVT
Dp
=
=
=
permeance
=
WVT/Dp (ASTM E96)
rate of water vapor transmission, g/hm2
vapor pressure difference, mm Hg
12.4.4
Vapor Stop Coating/Adhesive
The vapor stop coating/adhesive shall be a two-part elastomeric material suitable for use in cryogenic conditions with the following minimum properties:
Table 23 Vapour stop coating/adhesive properties
Property
Specific gravity
Non-volatile content
Tensile strength (ASTM D-412)
Unit
kg/l
vol. %
kg/cm2
Two-component minimum thickness
mm
Value
1.1-1.2
55-60
8
1.2
(dry film)
Service temperature
Halides
°C
ppm
-196 to +120
£10
12.4.5 Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) Vapor Stop (PIR Only)
The epoxy resin used shall be Epikote 816 with an aromatic/cycle-aliphatic amine type curing agent. The fabric glass fiber reinforcement shall be of low alkali fibrous glass which is compatible with the epoxy resin. Minimum weight of glass fiber reinforcement shall be approximately 220 g/m2.
The epoxy resin and glass fiber shall be capable of producing a reinforced vapor stop over the surface of the PUF insulation, self-extinguishing type and shall withstand ambient/sub-ambient conditions and ultra-violet light exposure.
The GRE vapor stop shall have the following minimum properties:
a) Tensile Strength (ASTM D3039):
o Longitudinal 15.7 MPa o Circumferential 78.5 MPa
b) Maximum water vapor transmission 0.03 perms*
c) Minimum dry film thickness 5.5 mm, comprising of 5.0 mm reinforced and 0.5 mm
unreinforced outer layer.
12.4.6 Vapor Barrier Options for Cellular Glass
Asphalt cutback vapor barrier mastic with an embedded reinforcing membrane or a self-sealing bituminous sheet membrane shall be used as the primary vapor barrier over cellular glass. The bituminous membrane can be installed on straight runs of piping and equipment instead of the usual
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vapour barrier mastic/fabric system. The vapour barrier mastic/fabric system shall be used on fittings, elbows and irregular surfaces.
Hypalon based mastics are not recommended for use with cellular glass.
Table 24 Vapour Barrier Mastic for Cellular Glass properties
Vapour Barrier Mastic for Cellular Glass
Property
Unit
Value
Flammability
Service Temperature
Minimum flash point shall be 40°C when in accordance with ASTM D 3828
°C
-20 to 93
Water Permeance
Colour
Vapour
perm-cm
No greater than 0.005 perm-cm (metric perm tested in accordance with ASTM E96)
Black
Volume Solids
67% by volume (minimum)
Dry Film Thickness mm
3.0
Vapor Barrier Membrane for Cellular Glass (Bituminous Sheet)
Property
Thickness
Unit
mils
Tensile Strength
lbs/in
Value
30
30
°C
-32 to 38
Service Temperature
Colour
Permeability
perm-cm
grey
0.003
12.4.7 Mastic, sealant and vapor barrier shall not contain coal tar products
12.4.8 All insulation materials, mastics sealant, etc. for use on equipment or piping subject to stress corrosion cracking, such as austenitic steels, shall contain a minimum of 20 ppm sodium silicate for each one (1) ppm of leachable chloride contained in the materials. Certification of compliance shall be provided by the Vendor.
12.4.9 All material applied in one day should have the primary/secondary vapour barrier applied the same day, or if impractical, the exposed insulation shall be temporarily protected with a combination
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moisture/ultraviolet barrier, such as an appropriate polyethylene film, and sealed to the surface to be insulated. All exposed ends shall be protected before work stoppage.
12.4.10 The insulation Contractor shall apply the finish covering as soon as practical after the insulation has
been secured and the vapour barrier if specified is fully dry.
Accessory Materials
a) All metal fastening materials shall be austenitic stainless steel that meets the requirements of
ASTM A-167, type 316.
b) Stainless steel bands shall be 10 mm to 20 mm wide with a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm (AISI
316). Wires shall be 1.0 mm diameter stainless steel (AISI 316).
c) Expander type bands shall be of a stainless steel type, and capable of remaining in tension during
heating and cooling cycles experienced in normal operation.
d) Expansion springs for bands shall be of a stainless steel type and capable of remaining under
tension during the heating and cooling cycles experienced in normal operation.
e) Seals for banding shall be of the wing-type construction.
f) Quick-release toggle fasteners for securement of removable boxes shall be of spring shackle lock type and shall be sized commensurate with the weight of the box concerned. They shall be spot- welded to the stainless steel bands which are to be incorporated in the box design.
g) Rivets where permitted in place of screws for metal fabrication shall be expanding stainless steel
pop, blind eye type and of the following sizes:
o Pipework and equipment up to 1000 mm shall be 3.2 mm diameter. o Pipework and equipment over 1000 mm shall be 4.8 mm diameter.
h) Screws required for metal jacket fabrication shall be slotted pan head self-tapping type A No. 10 x 12 mm long in accordance with BS 4171, complete with chloroprene rubber washers under the head. Galvanic action shall be avoided.
i)
“S” and “J” clips shall be formed from 20 mm wide 0.5 mm thick banding.
j) Stainless Steel rivets shall be grade 316 SS blind rivet pop-type, 4mm diameter x 8mm long.
k) The tape used to secure the inner layers of PUF/PIR and cellular glass to the pipework shall be a pressure sensitive glass fiber reinforced tape of minimum 25 mm wide. For securing foam slabs or pre-formed sections beneath vapour barriers, fiber reinforced adhesive tape or woven polypropylene or polyester bands shall be used. Adhesive tape shall be pressure sensitive water repellent vinyl tape, 25 mm wide for <450 mm OD (over insulation) 50 mm wide above for 450 mm OD above (over insulation).
l) The reinforcing membrane for embedding between the coats of the vapor barrier mastic in preformed PUF/PIR insulation or cellular glass shall be a high strength resilient synthetic fabric, having minimum 20 x 10 threads per 25 mm and a weight of 33 g/m2, or an open weave glass cloth, with a weave lock finish and having minimum 18 x 12 threads per 25 mm.
m) .The vapor barrier cover for contraction joints in the outer layer of insulation shall be a corrugated
butyl rubber sheet with 1.2 mm minimum thickness.
n) The adhesive for the secondary foil vapor barrier, shall be an adhesive suitable for adhering the
polyester and stay flexible within the service temperature range from -60°C up to ambient.
o) The glued overlaps of the secondary foil vapor barrier shall be sealed off with a 50 mm wide adhesive tape of similar material (adhesive on one face) capable of sealing the foil within the temperature range from -60°C up to ambient.
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The tape to seal all longitudinal/circumferential joints of primary metal vapor barrier shall be a composite type aluminum foil, reinforced and with a self-bonding layer made of butyl rubber on the back face. Minimum width of 75 mm will allow for sufficient
Metal jacketing
a) Aluminum jacketing shall be Class A Grade 1-Type 3105/3003 in accordance with ASTM
C1729/C1729M.
b) Stainless-steel jacketing shall be ASTM C1767 Grade 2 Class A for Offshore application and
marine location SS 316 cladding is required.
c) Since jacketing is a protection of the vapour barrier and there is a higher risk of damage due to mechanical impact to this membrane, aluminum jacketing should not be used in cold service < -5 °C
Chloride Barrier
For protection of stainless steel pipework and equipment at temperatures above 120°C and up to a maximum of 500°C against chloride attack, aluminium foil (99% pure) shall be used at a minimum thickness of 0.06 mm. For temperatures above 500°C, stainless steel foil of a grade compatible with the pipework or equipment and at minimum thickness of 0.06 mm shall be used. The foil shall have a minimum overlap of 75 mm.
APPLICATION OF COLD INSULATION
General Requirements
13.1.1 General
Progressive testing of systems to be insulated shall be completed, inspected and approved by the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY before insulation may be applied. Suitable application temperature and conditions shall be observed before applications are done.
13.1.2 Storage Requirements
The Contractor is responsible for proper material storage at the work site, in accordance with the insulation manufacturer’s instructions. PUF/PIR materials shall at all times be protected from moisture and limited ultraviolet exposure (12 hours). The following conditions are to be observed:
• Material shall be stored in an area to provide sufficient protection from moisture, ultraviolet
exposure and abuse.
•
Insulation showing evidence of moisture shall be rejected.
13.1.3 Surface Preparation
Before any insulation material is applied, the surfaces to be insulated shall be absolutely dry, free of dirt, dust, grease, frost, moisture and other imperfections. All metal surfaces of piping, equipment or vessels under insulation shall be suitably painted by with a complete paint system required for insulated surfaces in accordance with AGES-SP-07-004.
13.1.4 Typical Application Aspects
a) Where insulated pipes or ducts pass through sleeves or openings, the full specified thickness of the insulation shall pass through the sleeve or opening, unless otherwise noted on the drawings.
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b) On all vertical lines and equipment, the insulation shall be supported by support rings at approximately 4.5 m interval. The width of the support ring shall be such that the inner layer(s) and one half of the outer layer of insulation shall be supported (see Appendix 48 - Vertical Contraction Joint Detail at a Support Ring).
c) All material applied in one day should have the primary/secondary vapour barrier applied the same day, or if impractical, the exposed insulation shall be temporarily protected with a combination moisture/ultraviolet barrier, such as an appropriate polyethylene film, and sealed to the surface to be insulated. All exposed ends shall be protected before work stoppage.
d) Zinc containing coatings shall not be applied near or at stainless steel piping/nickel alloys. Reusable insulation plugs shall be provided on insulated pressure vessels, heat exchangers, tanks, and piping
13.1.5 Vapour stops
a) Vapor stops shall be installed at all pipe support locations, and at all changes in configurations, such as elbows/flanges/valves etc., and at all locations on piping and equipment requiring potential maintenance including instrumentation connections.
b) A bond shall be effected between the pipe and the insulation terminal by the application of the vapour stop coating to a dry film thickness of minimum 1.2 mm, or GRE coating with a dry film thickness of 5.5 mm. Application shall be extended over the prepared roughened pipe surface for 50 mm.
c) For all applications except as specified under13.2.1, the vapor stop coating shall be dressed under the primary vapour barrier metal/mastic for a minimum of 50 mm and carried over the layer or stepped layers onto the pipe as described above. For application in accordance with13.2.1, the vapor stop shall be applied (minimum length 75 mm) over the metallic jacket.
d) The vapour stop coating shall be applied in three coats to provide a minimum overall dried film
thickness of 1 mm reinforced between the first and second coats with synthetic fabric.
13.1.6 Contraction Joints
a) The location of contraction joints shall be determined considering the expected pipe movements. Contraction joints shall be installed in the inner and outer layers of horizontal piping and equipment, and in all single layer installations, at maximum intervals of 5 to 6 m, with a minimum of one contraction joint midway between any two fixed pipe supports or pipe protrusions more than 0.8 m apart. For single layer application, two layers shall be used at the contraction joint. The second layer shall be the same thickness as the first and shall extend 75 mm on each side of the contraction joint in the outer layer. An additional contraction joint shall be installed at each end of expansion loops (see Appendix 47 - Horizontal Contraction Joint Details).
b) Vertical lines and equipment having support rings shall have a contraction joint immediately below each support ring, except at the bottom (see Appendix 48 - Vertical Contraction Joint Detail at a Support Ring).
c) Each contraction joint shall be filled with resilient rock fibre as per 12.1.5. Cutting of the rock wool shall be normal to the orientation and lay-up of the fibres to allow for expansion and contraction without crushing the fibres.
d) When PUF/PIR is used, the rock wool shall be compressed to a 50% of the thickness of the rock wool board which shall have a minimum thickness of 50 mm. This shall apply to the inner layer of prefabricated foam. For the outer layer of the in situ molded foam, the rock wool shall be compressed at installation to approximately 75% of the thickness
e)
When cellular glass is used, the rock wool shall be compressed to 75 % of the thickness of the rock wool board, which shall have a minimum thickness of 50 mm. This is applicable for both inner and outer layers.
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f) Expansion and contraction joints shall consist of sections cut from flat board stock for pipe sizes NPS 16 and below. Above NPS 16 pipe sizes and for equipment, segments are permitted but lay- up orientation of the fibres shall be as (c.) above.
g) The cover over the outer layer shall be a double bellows extruded butyl-rubber sheet (Section 12.5), 1.2 mm thickness, with a minimum of two extruded bellows, 6 mm max. height from top to bottom. The length of the cover shall be 100 mm plus length of contraction joint and shall be secured on both sides with bands. The butyl cover shall be applied over the primary vapour barrier mastic before thorough curing, or over the primary metal vapour barrier with sufficient sealant (section12.2.5) to ensure complete vapour tightness.
13.1.7 Securement/Fixture/Fastening
a) The securement of the pre-formed PUF/PIR sections shall be done by means of glass fibre
filament tape (Section 12.5).
b) The securement of the cellular glass shall be done by means of stainless steel bands (Section
12.5) or glass fibre filament tape on pipe diameters less than 220 mm.
c)
The principal securement of the metal jacket shall be done by means of stainless steel bands (Section 12.5) and by means of rivets and screws only where permitted. Screws and rivets shall not be used whenever circumferential and/or longitudinal expansion or contraction of the metal jacket is expected or required and where a vapour barrier is underneath.
13.1.8
Joint Executions
a) Preformed PUF/PIR sections for piping and equipment for thickness above 50 mm shall be of the
ship lapped type.
b) Cellular glass shall have butted joints.
c) All joints shall be carefully fitted. The edges of blocks shall, where necessary, be rubbed or cut to a level so that all joints are tight and uniform. Where butted joints do not fit closely the voids shall be eliminated by refitting or replacing of the insulation. Filling voids with joint sealer or mastic are not acceptable. Any damaged corners shall be trued before application.
Application of Cold Insulation to Pipework and Fittings
13.2.1 Application of In Situ Pressure Molded/Dispensed PUF
a) For the construction using the combination of dispensed PUF (outer layer) and preformed PUF/PIR sections (inner layers), a secondary foil vapor barrier shall be applied over the preformed sections before dispensing the outer PUF layer. The secondary foil vapor barrier can also be shop-applied.
b) For single layer constructions no secondary foil vapor barrier is required.
c) Preformed spacers are applied in both of the above cases and fastened securely by means of
stainless steel bands, filament tape or glued.
d) The placing of the preformed spacers will vary due to:
• Location of the supports.
• Location of the welds.
• Location of auxiliaries.
• Location of the intermediate sectors determined by the width of the primary metal vapor
barrier, the width of the metal jacket and size of the form work.
• Spacers shall be accurately placed to limit and define the necessary injection volumes.
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e) The primary metal vapor barrier (Section 12.4.1) shall be installed over the preformed spacers
with bands and with all joints and overlaps sealed.
f) The metallic jacket or other form work will be applied with all necessary overlaps and bands.
g) Clamps or special tools shall be fitted over the metallic jacket in order to withstand the pressure
loads resulting from the foam expansion.
h) The components of the dispensed PUF (Section 12.1.3) shall be injected in accordance with the required time, the volume to be filled as established in (d.) above, and the injection rate of the machine that is used.
i) When the PUF has set, the clamps and other form work are to be removed and all joints of the
primary metal vapor barrier sealed with the aluminum jointing tape (Section 12.5).
j) The metallic jacket is replaced and secured with the stainless steel bands. Overlaps in the jacket
shall be sealed with metal sealant (Section 12.3.6)
k) For operating temperatures above minus 70°C, the primary metal vapor barrier (Section 12.4.1) may be omitted. The components of the dispensed foam shall be injected between the secondary vapor barrier and the metallic jacket. This jacket shall be installed with minimum overlaps of 50 mm and secured with self-tapping screws at 100 mm centers. The inside of the jacket shall be provided with an appropriate lamination to ensure good bonding between jacket and PUF. All joints and injection points shall be sealed with the aluminum jointing tape after hardening of the PUF and removal of clamps and formwork.
13.2.2 Application of Preformed PUF/PIR Sections
a)
Insulation shall be performed to fit the diameter of the pipe, fitting or underneath layer of insulation, and shall be applied in staggered positions with all joints tightly fitted together. Gaps resulting from poor fit or damaged material are not permitted to be filled with joint sealer or mastic but shall be refitted.
b) Preformed PUF/PIR insulation materials shall be supplied as curved cylindrical sections/segments and in half-pipe sections in either 915 or 1000 mm length with or without a shop-applied secondary foil vapor barrier meeting the requirements of Section 12.1.1 and 2.
c) For two-piece pipe sections of PUF/PIR, a clearance between the pipe surface and the inner layer of insulation shall be provided in accordance with Appendix 56 - Contraction Gap between Pipe/Equipment Surface and Inner Layer of PUF (For Preformed Pipe Sections Only). Therefore, the pipe sections must be fabricated oversized to suit. This shall ensure that during operation, the preformed PIR will be snug-fit into the pipe with no gap between the pipe surface and the pre- formed PIR. No clearance is required on the inner layer where radiused and beveled segments are employed.
d) PUF/PIR sections shall be supplied with circumferential and longitudinal joints ship lapped for
thickness above 50 mm.
e) Prior to application of the PUF/PIR sections a joint sealer/adhesive shall be applied to the outside half of all the circumferential and longitudinal shiplapped joints and over the full height of butt joints, to a wet film thickness of approximately 1.5 mm. Application shall be to only one of the mating surfaces for the full depth of the outside half of the shiplapped joints, before bringing the surface together. No sealant or adhesive shall be applied to any other insulation contact/bore faces.
f) PUF/PIR inner layer, where applied in two halves, shall be secured with 19 mm wide pressure sensitive filament tape bands, spaced at 450 mm centers and applied with a 50% overlap. Where applied in radiused and beveled segments, securement shall be by 12 mm wide x 0.5 mm thick stainless steel bands (Section 12.5), at 450 mm centers, machine-tensioned and sealed.
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g) The secondary foil vapor barrier shall be applied between the outer most layer and the next inner layer of the insulation and shall be arranged with 50 mm overlaps. These overlaps shall be glued with an adhesive. All joints shall then be sealed with tape (Section 12.5).
h) Primary vapor barrier mastic shall then be applied on the outside surface of the insulation.
13.2.3 Application of Cellular Glass
a) For the application of cellular glass, the material shall be applied in one layer up to 100 mm thick and in two layers for thickness in excess of 100 mm, arranged with all circumferential and longitudinal joints staggered. No secondary foil vapor barrier shall be applied.
b) Longitudinal joints in pipe-sections when applied in two halves shall be offset 90° in successive layers. Longitudinal joints in the application of radiused and beveled lags shall be arranged with an offset equivalent to half the segment width or with the maximum offset that can be obtained. The middle of the bottom inner most segments shall always be placed on the vertical plane.
c) Prior to the application of cellular glass insulation, a joint sealant shall be applied at all circumferential and longitudinal joints to a wet film thickness of approximately 3.5 mm. Application shall be to only one of the mating surfaces, to the full depth of the insulation thickness before bringing the surfaces together. No sealant/adhesive shall be applied to any other insulation contact/bore faces. This joint sealant shall only be used for temperatures up to 120°C in one-layer constructions but always in the outer layer of two-layer constructions.
d) Cellular glass sections shall be secured by 12 mm wide x 0.5 mm thick stainless steel bands at 225 mm centers, machine-tensioned and sealed. The seals shall be taped to provide a smooth surface for the outer coating (Section 12.5).
e) The cellular glass outer layer shall be applied with all joints offset at least 75 mm.
f) The inside surface of all cellular glass insulation shall receive a bore coating of anti-abrasive
compound and allowed to dry thoroughly before application on the pipes (Section 12.4.5).
g) The entire outer surface of the cellular glass insulation shall be sealed with a single layer self- sealing bituminous sheet membrane vapor barrier for straight runs of piping, and a double layer of vapor barrier mastic/fabric on elbows, fittings and irregular surfaces.
13.2.4 Application of Preformed PUF/PIR Sections with Cellular Glass
a) The insulation shall be applied with inner layers of preformed PUF/PIR and an outer layer of
cellular glass.
b) The secondary foil vapor barrier shall be introduced between the preformed PUF/PIR and cellular
glass.
c) The outside of the cellular glass layer shall then be coated with primary vapor barrier mastic
13.2.5 Application of the Metallic Jacket on PIR insulation
a)
Insulation of all pipework shall be covered with a protective metal jacket (Section 8.4), shop- fabricated to conform to the outside insulation diameter and applied in 1.0 m lengths. The metal jacket shall be applied with minimum longitudinal overlaps of 50 mm and minimum circumferential overlaps of 75 mm. The application of metal jacketing shall be done within three days to avoid damage or deterioration of insulation materials due to environmental factors.
b) All longitudinal overlaps on horizontal pipes shall be arranged weather side down to the prevailing wind and to shed water and shall be located along the lower half at approximately 135° or 225° positions. Longitudinal overlaps on the vertical pipes shall be arranged away from the prevailing site weather conditions and also overlapped circumferentially to shed water.
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c) Both the longitudinal and the circumferential overlaps shall incorporate an 8 mm ball swage in the upper sheet only, located as near to the edge as practicable. The laps shall be sealed with a gun- extruded metal sealant (Section 12.4.6) located in the ball swage, minimum 4 mm diameter (dry) or sufficient to provide an effective seal with overlaps drawn tight.
d) The jacket shall be secured with 12 mm wide x 0.5 mm thick stainless steel bands positioned adjacent to the ball swage at circumferential overlaps and intermediately at a minimum of 225 mm centers. Bands shall be machine-tensioned and sealed employing stainless steel seals/
e) Following satisfactory installation of contraction joints to the requirements of Section 13.1.6, 0.6- 0.8 mm thick flat metal protective outer covers shall be screwed and banded to the adjacent straight pipe jacketing at one side only in the case of horizontal pipes, or at the top side only in the case of vertical pipes. The opposite side shall be left free to absorb expansion/contraction by the formation of a folded or labyrinth joint arranged to accommodate the adjacent straight pipe jacket to absorb anticipated movement while remaining weather tight and functional in service.
Pipe supports
13.3.1 General requirements
PUF and Cellular glass cradles shall be furnished as complete assemblies.
The Insulation SUBCONTRACTOR shall assume full responsibility for designing and fabricating the PUF cradles in accordance with the specified operating and service conditions.
A typical pipe support for PUF or Cellular glass insulation is shown in the Piping Standard drawings AGES-DW-09-001. Also refer Appendix 53 - Pipe Support Insulation with Vapour Barrier Protection Shield and Structural Cradle and Appendix 54 - Hanger for Insulated Pipework Pipe Support.
Considerations in the design of supports shall include the thermal stress resulting from differential shrinkage of foam and pipe, thermal stress established as a result of temperature gradient through insulation, clamping forces and mechanical loads from piping system.
13.3.2 PUF Cradle Construction
PUF cradle may be either single or multi-layer construction. For multi-layer constructed cradles, each separate layer shall be cut in pre-expanded blocks (after aging at least six weeks to avoid distortion) in 180° seamless sections.
Longitudinal and/or circumferential seams in the PUF cradles are not acceptable since they do not maintain the structural integrity of the support during thermal movement of the piping system.
PUF cradles that are not in half-pipe (180°) sections are not acceptable.
13.3.3 Foam Layering System
The PUF cradle shall be furnished as an integral unit and have a thickness identical to the line insulation thickness. The foam outside diameter and the layering of the multi-layer construction shall be done in accordance with the ASTM C-585.
For both single layer and multi-layer systems, all parts of the PUF cradle shall be factory bonded into one integral unit, except for multi-layer supports, where the top protection shield, and the structural cradle are not to be bonded for ease of installation.
13.3.4 Painting
All carbon steel and stainless steel parts shall be suitably protected/coated against corrosion as per AGES-SP-07-004.
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13.3.5 Vapor Barrier
The factory assembled PUF cradle shall have a bonded extended vapor barrier with a vapor permeance of not more than 0.02 perms. . Vapor barriers shall be continuous through sleeves and openings
13.3.6 Weather Proofing/Protection Jacket
The factory assembled PUF cradle shall have a bonded extended 0.6-0.8 mm thick metal jacket of the same type as used for the line insulation. The top metal jacket shall overlap the bottom metal jacket.
13.3.7 Material Extension
All layers of PUF, vapor barrier and metal jackets shall be extended beyond the steel bearing cradle.
13.3.8 Bearing Steel Cradle and Insulation Protection Shield
Unless otherwise specified, 360° assembled PUF cradles for all pipe sizes shall have the top and bottom steel cradles executed with bent ears or welded angles to accept stainless steel bolts and nuts.
Half-pipe sections (180°) assembled PUF cradles for all pipe sizes shall have the top insulation protection shield and bottom steel cradle executed with bent ears or welded angles to accept stainless steel bolts and nuts.
13.3.9 Adhesive
The PUF cradle shall be bonded to the bearing plate assembly. If the polyurethane foam cradle is in a multi-layer construction, layers shall be bonded together. The adhesives shall remain flexible to accommodate the contractions within the foam and remain effective within the required temperature range.
13.3.10
Protective Coating
All exposed cut surfaces of the PUF without skin shall be coated with a layer of fire-retardant weather barrier mastic. This is to protect the foam between time of installation and line insulation application.
Fittings, valves, flanges and intricate shapes
13.4.1 General
All insulation for fittings, valves and flanges shall be equal in thickness and type to that applied to adjacent or equivalent sized piping.
The insulation shall fit the surface of the valve or fitting to the maximum extent and with as few voids as possible with all joints tightly fitted together and staggered where possible.
13.4.2 Fittings
All fittings, such as elbows, reducers, tees, branch connections and intricate shapes, shall be insulated and executed in a similar process as for pipe insulation.
The entire outer surface of the insulation shall be sealed with a reinforced double layer primary vapor barrier mastic before covering with shop fabricated metallic jacket, and applied as follows (film thickness shall be per MANUFACTURER’S recommendation, but no less than stated below):
a) Apply a tack coat of mastic at a minimum wet film thickness of 1.2 mm by spray or trowel.
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b) Embed into the wet tack coat the reinforcing membrane (Section 12.5). Smooth the membrane
to eliminate wrinkles and overlap all seams at least 100 mm.
c) Apply a uniform finish coat of mastic in two layers yielding a minimum wet film thickness of
2.8 mm.
d) The finished application shall provide a total minimum dry film thickness of 2.0 mm with the
fabric completely coated, showing minimum profile.
13.4.3 Valves and Flanges
a) When using dispensed PUF insulation, valves and flanges shall be insulated as follows:
• A 25 mm thick layer of low density rock wool/glass wool blankets, with a secondary vapour barrier foil laminate on one face, shall be applied as close as possible to the surface of the valve or flange, leaving no voids.
• Shop-fabricated metal boxes to encase the valve or flange designed to withstand the pressure generated by the foam, shall be positioned over the valve/flange. All seams of the metal box to be suitably sealed with sealant and all joints on the inside coated with a 2-layer coating of vapour barrier mastic.
•
•
The hollow between the rock wool/glass wool blanket and the outside metal box to be injected with PUF foam to a minimum density of 45 kg/m3.
All penetrations shall be properly sealed (Section 12.5).
b) When using preformed sections, the insulation shall be performed or fabricated in single- matched halves to the maximum extent possible. Where multi-layer is necessary, longitudinal and circumferential joints shall all be staggered. All individual segments shall be cemented together with the suitable fabrication adhesive. Flexible plastic tubes going from the flange area inside the insulation through the insulation to the atmosphere must be installed on all flanges (pipe flanges, valves, equipment flanges and man holes etc.) to detect leaks. A 1/4” plastic hose (type Decoron or equivalent) must be used. The tube shall be capable of being completely sealed after leak detection with a removable plug, for future testing.
c) When specified for gas detection, flexible plastic tubes going from the flange area inside the insulation through the insulation to the atmosphere must be installed on all flanges (pipe flanges, valves, equipment flanges and man holes etc.) to detect leaks. (See Appendix 55 - Gas Leak Detection Hoses for details). 1/4” plastic hose (type Decoron) must be used. The tube shall be capable of being completely sealed after leak detection with a removable plug, for future testing.
Mechanical Contraction Joints for Bellow Expansion Joints
a) Pipe contraction joints (bellows) located in lines which are insulated shall also be insulated.
A stainless steel 1.0 mm thick sheet shall be cylindrically formed with a “C” lock construction to the outer diameter of the bellows, in order to ensure free movements of the bellows inside of this cylinder.
b) The length of the cylinder to be the “maximum expanded length” of the bellows plus two times the insulation thickness. This thickness shall be equal to the thickness required for the outside diameter of the stainless steel cylinder. This mounted construction will now be insulated as a standard pipe with a two layer construction with the exception that all insulation material shall be prefabricated insulation material.
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c) The CONTRACTOR shall propose the design of the bellows in accordance with the above
principles. Such design shall be reviewed and approved by the COMPANY.
Application of Cold Insulation to Vessels, and Equipment
13.6.1 General
a) Cold Insulation support for Vessel shall be in accordance with COMPANY standard drawing
(where available).
b)
Insulation for equipment up to 750 mm outside diameter shall be applied as described for straight pipework.
c) For diameters of equipment above 750 mm, the insulation shall be performed sections to fit the diameter of the equipment or underneath layer of insulation and shall be applied in staggered positions with all joints tightly fitted together. Gaps resulting from poor fit or damaged materials are not permitted to be filled with joint sealer or mastic and shall be refitted.
d) All parts extending beyond the surface to be insulated, shall be insulated first with preformed
sections and a vapor stop.
e)
In general application methods and details shall follow Section 13.2 above.
f)
All metal jacket overlaps shall be sealed by the application of fire-resistant metal sealant (Section 12.3.6). The jacket shall be secured with stainless steel bands at 450 mm centers employed 12 mm wide x 0.5 mm thick bands for vessels up to 750 mm outside diameter and 19 mm wide x 0.5 mm thick bands for vessels 750 mm and larger outside diameters. Bands shall be machine-tensioned and secured. In the case of vertical vessels, arrangement of bands shall coincide with all circumferential overlaps. “J” bands/clips shall be installed for additional support and to ensure adequate equal spacing.
g) When stainless steel bands exceed 7600 mm between securement/sealing points, breather
(expansion) springs shall be used for every 7600 mm length.
h) Contraction joints in horizontal and vertical equipment shall be installed as specified in
Section 13.1.6.
i)
Insulation support rings shall receive the thickness of insulation as specified in (Section 10.4.3).
j)
Insulation below the insulation collar on skirts, legs and saddles is strictly prohibited
k) Pipe covering shall be used where allowed for on vessel diameters. For two-piece sections, a clearance between equipment surface and inner layer shall be provided in accordance with Appendix 56 - Contraction Gap between Pipe/Equipment Surface and Inner Layer of PUF (For Preformed Pipe Sections Only).
l)
Insulation on cylindrical vessels shall be covered with a metal jacket, employing corrugated sheeting for vertical vessels and flat sheeting for the horizontal vessels. The metal jacket shall be applied with minimum longitudinal and circumferential laps of 75 mm; the laps being arranged to shed water and located away from the prevailing weather conditions. Where corrugated sheets are used, a minimum of two corrugations overlap shall be employed at vertical joints
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13.6.2 PUF / PIR
a) PUF and PIR segments shall be supplied with circumferential/longitudinal joints either ship lapped keyed or butted to the requirements of Section 12.1.1. All butt joints shall be installed without a gap.
b) All joints in a single layer construction with PUF/PIR shall be executed as per Section 13.2.2.
In multi-layer constructions, the first layer will be applied without sealant.
c) A secondary foil vapor barrier shall be introduced between the outermost layer and the next inner layer of the PUF/PIR insulation. This laminate foil shall be arranged with 50 mm overlaps, completely sealed with the specified adhesive/tape
13.6.3 Cellular Glass
a) Cellular glass insulation shall be applied in the same manner as for pipe-insulation described
in Section 13.2.3 .
b) All layers shall be secured with stainless steel bands. The outer layers shall be applied in the same manner as the inner layer(s) with joints staggered at least 150 mm from the inner layer(s). Band spacing shall be a minimum of two (2) bands per course of blocks. Bands supporting the insulation on vessel heads shall radiate from a 6 mm diameter stainless steel floating ring. All seals over the stainless steel bands on all layers shall be taped to provide a smooth surface for the next layer/vapor barrier.
c) The entire outer surface of the insulation shall be sealed with a double layer of the specified
vapor barrier mastic and reinforced with the appropriate fabric.
13.6.4
Insulation for Heads and Skirts
a) Cold Insulation support for heads and skirt of Vessel shall be in accordance with COMPANY
standard drawing (where available).
b) The heads of both vertical and horizontal equipment shall be insulated with mitered block
insulation trimmed to fit the contour of the head.
c) The equipment with diameters less than 750 mm shall have flat board insulation at both ends.
d) The insulation on the bottom heads of the vertical equipment shall be secured by 19 mm wide x 0.5 mm thick stainless steel bands with maximum 300 mm centers measured around the equipment’s circumference on vessels that are skirt-supported. The bands on the bottom head shall be attached to the inside skirt support angle.
e) For top head of vertical equipment, and both heads of horizontal equipment, the insulation shall be secured by using a welded floating ring fabricated from 6.0 mm diameter type 316 stainless steel rod. The floating ring shall be laid over the insulation and positioned in the center of the head.
f) A 19 mm wide x 0.5 mm thick stainless steel bands shall be installed and spaced on 300 mm centers measured around the circumference of the equipment. One end of the band shall be fastened to the floating ring, and the other end shall be anchored to a band or ring welded around the cylindrical section of the equipment close to the head.
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Insulation of Spheres
Coating of sphere shall be roughened using Emry paper to form a key and then clear the surfaces with high-pressure water wash.
Damaged surfaces shall be touched-up.
a) 40 Kg/m³ PUF (CAPUR-MB40) shall be evenly sprayed to 40mm. thick.
b) Apply 1 coat of elastomeric vapor barrier (Encacel V).
c) Apply 1 coat of liphatic Polyurethane to 50 μm. (Hardtop AS)
Fire Protection Insulation (Cellular Glass)
Where in addition, fire protection insulation is required, the general insulation application procedures as described for pipework and equipment shall be implemented with the following considerations:
a) Cellular glass is to be double layered with each layer a minimum thickness of 78 mm. Each layer is to be secured with 304 stainless steel bands (10 mm to 20 mm wide with a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm).
b) Metal jacketing shall be 316 stainless steel per ASTM A-167.
Aluminum sheets shall not be used as the metallic jacket for fire protection of insulation.
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PART 3: ACOUSTIC INSULATION
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The purpose of this document is to define the specials requirements of acoustical insulation for pipes, valves, and flanges with the aim of reducing the noise emitted by these items.
In many respects, acoustic insulation resembles thermal insulation and is frequently installed by a subcontractor specializing in thermal insulation. However, some aspects of acoustic insulation are different. The differences between acoustic and thermal insulation are discussed to provide guidance to both the Noise Control Engineer and the insulation SUBCONTRACTOR. Aspects of acoustic insulation that are in common with thermal insulation are the compatibility with the environment of materials for porous layer and cladding, fastening, sealing, surface protection and safety regulations
The overall noise control design, implementation, and compliance are the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR(S) for the area(s) of the project in their scope. The CONTRACTOR shall use the project noise specifications to develop plant and individual equipment noise limits. Further, the CONTRACTOR shall develop the noise control plan for all non-equipment noise services, including general piping. The provisions for the acoustical treatment of pipes, valves, and flanges shall be per this specification.
When acoustic attenuation is combined with thermal insulation, the thickness of the insulation layer shall be determined by the more stringent of the two requirements.
LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION
Although this specification does not specifically cover the acoustic insulation of other equipment such as large vessels and machinery, such treatments should follow the basic principles and guidelines of this document per the direction of the Noise Control Engineer and/or Acoustic Consultant. Note all lagging and insulation treatments on machinery require the approval of the COMPANY, per project noise control specifications.
MATERIALS AND DESIGN
Acoustical Design
ISO 15665 forms an integral part of this Specification and the definitions of which have been used throughout. Also, detailed information on acoustical definitions, calculations, and measurements is given in EEMUA 140. Where conflict arises, the requirements of this Specification shall take preference.
For acoustical design purposes, all calculations should be performed in the eight octave bands cantered between 63 Hz and 8 kHz (refer ISO 266). The overriding requirement for acoustical design is that the A-weighted Noise Level shall be met.
To mitigate the likelihood of acoustic induced fatigue, insulation thickness shall be elected based on certified test results to achieve the specified work area and environmental noise limits for the facility in accordance with ISO 15665.
Acoustic Insulation
Acoustic insulation shall consist of a porous layer and outer jacketing. The porous layer serves to provide vibration isolation of the jacketing from the pipe and converts acoustic and vibration energy into heat. The jacketing acts as a barrier to the noise radiated from the pipe (and shell therefore be completely sealed) and provides weather protection for the porous layer.
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General Characteristics
The noise radiated by the wall of a pipe is usually generated by equipment connected to the pipe, such as compressors, pumps, valves, or ejectors. The noise sources may cause long sections of pipe to radiate noise because noise will travel in the pipe with little reduction. The noise radiation may be reduced by acoustic insulation.
Objectives of Acoustic Insulation
Although materials used for thermal insulation may also be suitable for acoustic insulation, there are some additional application requirements. Special attention shall be paid to the prevention of noise leakage through gaps and to isolation of vibrations in order to prevent their transmission to the cladding or adjacent structures, such as supports.
It is emphasized that the ultimate success of acoustic insulation depends on the quality of installation; small gaps or bridging effects can have a far greater effect on the acoustic properties than on the thermal properties and may completely negate the acoustic performance. A regular inspection during installation is therefore an important aspect.
16.4.1 Noise Requirements
The control of noise in a plant is required for the following reasons:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
to conserve the hearing of personnel,
to reduce speech and work interference,
to ensure that warning signals are audible,
to allow adequate speech, telephone, and radio communication,
to maintain working efficiency,
to provide quiet accommodation for personnel,
to prevent annoyance to the neighbouring community.
Classes of Acoustic Insulation
Four classes of acoustical insulation are considered; denoted as A, B, C, and D.
The dimensions of the acoustical insulation for the four defined classes shall be as indicated in Table 25 unless otherwise agreed in writing by the COMPANY. With a good quality of installation, the acoustical performance obtained with the various classes will be as given in Table 26
four classes. A requirements of Table 26 strictly define NOTE: The acoustic CONTRACTOR/SUBCONTRACTOR wishing to propose alternative constructions shall state which class he is referring to. He shall also give evidence that the proposed construction has the required acoustic performance.
the
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Table 25 Physical Characteristics of Class of Acoustic Insulation
Class Description
A
Min. Thickness of porous layer
Value
50 mm
Max. Stiffness of porous layer
2,0 x 106 N/m3
Min. Mass per unit area of metal cladding
4,5 kg/m2 (e.g. 0,6 mm steel plate)
B
Min. Thickness of porous layer
Max. Stiffness of porous layer
100 mm
106 N/m3
Min. Mass per unit area of metal cladding
6,0 kg/m2 (e.g. 0,8 mm steel plate)
C
Min. Thickness of porous layer Max. Stiffness of porous layer
100 mm 106 N/m3
7,8 kg/m2 (e.g. 1,0 mm steel plate) 10,0 kg/m2 (e.g. 1,3 mm steel plate)
Min. Mass per unit area of metal cladding
for nominal pipe diameters < NPS 12
for nominal pipe diameters ≥ NPS 12
D
Min. Thickness first porous layer
50 mm
Min. Mass per unit area of first metal
6 kg/m2 (e.g. 0.8 mm steel plate]
cladding
Min. Thickness of second porous layer
50 mm
Min. Mass per unit area of second metal
cladding
NPS 12 ≤ D < NPS 26
NPS26 ≤ D < NPS 40
7.8 kg/m2 [e.g. 1.0 mm steel plate]
10 kg/m2 [e.g. 1.3 mm steel plate]
Maximum stiffness of porous layers
106 N/m3
Note
-
Where a high mass per unit area is required for the cladding, this may be composed of two layers. An example of an acceptable construction is to combine an outer layer of steel or aluminium and an inner layer of barium oxide/sulphate loaded vinyl film to provide the additional mass.
-
The performance of an acoustic insulation system is related to the wall thickness of the pipe. The insulation systems of Table 25 are based on standard pipe wall thickness. Thinner pipe walls may adversely affect the performance of the insulation system, but an increase in wall thickness will not influence the performance significantly.
-
When dual-layer insulation systems employing different insulation materials are used for combined thermal
and noise control, the acoustic insulation shall be installed as the outer layer.
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Table 26 Required Insertion Loss for Class of Insulation (dB)
Range of nominal diameter
Class
Octave-band-centre frequency, Hz
D
mm
D < NPS 12
NPS12 ≤D < NPS 26
NPS 26 ≤ D < NPS 40
D < NPS 12
NPS12 ≤D < NPS 26
NPS 26 ≤ D < NPS 40
D < NPS 12
NPS12 ≤D < NPS 26
NPS 26 ≤ D < NPS 40
NPS12 ≤ D < NPS 26
NPS 26 ≤ D < NPS 40
125
250
500
1000 2000 4000 8000
Minimum insertion loss, dB
–4
–4
–4
–9
–9
–7
–5
–7
1
-3
3
–4
–4
2
–3
–3
2
–1
4
9
4
9
2
2
7
3
6
11
11
14
17
15
26
9
9
13
11
15
20
23
24
26
36
36
16
16
19
19
24
29
34
34
34
45
45
22
22
24
27
33
36
38
38
38
45
40
29
29
30
35
42
42
42
42
42
45
40
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
D2
D3
Note:
a) The acoustic insertion loss is a measure of the sound power level (noise) reduction of a pipe. It is given as a target in decibels (dB) for each of the key octave band frequencies. The classification is achieved when the acoustic insertion loss satisfies these minimum values. b) The reduction in overall sound pressure level in dB (A) will depend on the frequency spectrum of the source. Some typical examples are given in Appendix 68 - derivation of insertion loss in terms of db(a).
16.5.1 Details of classes
Unless otherwise specified, pipe fittings shall be insulated to the same class as the straight sections of the pipe
Class A
This class provides the lowest level of acoustical benefit. A straight section of pipe is insulated with Class A insulation, for acoustical purposes, the associated flanges and valves need not be insulated in Class A.
Class B & C
Rigid spacers, such as distance rings and support rings should be avoided, if possible. Where used, they shall conform to this specification (see Section 16.6.4).
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All flanges and valves shall be insulated to the same class as the associated pipe, except where insulation of these items is not allowed for safety reasons (for example in hydrogen service).
Pipe supports, when necessary, shall be insulated up to the concrete or steel base, see Appendix 64
- Support for Vertical Pipe. Insulation shall be installed in 2 x 50 mm layer with staggered joints.
Where a steel structure is used as support and if there is no vibration isolation between the steel structure and the pipe, the steel structure shall also be insulated.
Class D
Class D insulation (High Performance for pipes ≥ NPS 12) shall be used only for special applications, where no other means are available to achieve the needed noise attenuation.
Materials
This section lists materials suitable for acoustical insulation and the particular properties necessary for acoustical purposes. All materials shall comply with hot insulation material (Refer Section 8.1). They shall be suitable for the maximum operating temperatures and for the chemical nature of the environment
16.6.1 Porous Layer
The porous layer shall be in the form of blankets, mattresses, or semi-rigid sections, within the density range of 65 to 150 kg/m3. For offshore applications, the minimum density shall be 100 kg/m3.
The flow resistivity of the porous layer shall be in the range of 25,000 to 75,000 N-s/m4. (Suppliers of porous layer materials will usually be able to state the flow resistivity of their products).
Maximum service temperature shall be determined by testing using the requirements of ISO 8142. The product shall have a maximum service temperature for 680OC.
The following materials are suitable for acoustical purposes:
a) Mineral wool
b) Glass fiber
c) Resilient closed cell elastomeric insulation.
The porous layer serves the following purposes:
•
•
It represents a vibration-isolating support for the cladding.
It converts acoustical and vibration energy into heat and should therefore have an optimum flow resistivity for the oscillatory flows which occur in sound waves.
16.6.2
Jacketing
Jacketing serves the following purposes
•
•
It is a barrier to the noise radiated by the pipe and shall, therefore, be completely sealed.
It protects the porous layer from mechanical damage and provides a weather protection for the porous layer and the pipe surface underneath. It shall, therefore, have sufficient strength and durability for these purposes.
The following materials are suitable for acoustical purposes:
a) Stainless-steel jacketing (ASTM C1767 Grade 2 Class A)
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b) Aluminum
jacketing (Class A Grade 1-Type 3105/3003
in accordance with ASTM
C1729/C1729M)
c) Troweled cement (for limited use locally)
d) Mineral-loaded plastic
The minimum mass per unit area of the jacketing (for the class of insulation considered) shall be in accordance with Table 25.
16.6.3 Anti-Vibration Seals
The following materials are suitable for use in anti-vibration seals:
a) Synthetic and natural rubber
b) Non-flammable felt.
Where these materials are incompatible with the operating temperature, such seals shall be made of compressed porous layer material
16.6.4
Jacketing Support
Where the porous layer is composed of semi-rigid sections and the pipe is horizontal, it will not normally be necessary to support the jacketing. However, where blankets are used, it may be necessary to support the jacketing separately. Short, semi-rigid sections, installed at regular intervals, may be found suitable for this, provided they are compatible with the operating temperature and the chemical environment.
Rigid spacers, as used in distance rings for thermal insulation, shall not be used in acoustical insulation. Spacers shall contain resilient elements. The spring stiffness, k, in N/m of a single element and in directions normal to the pipe axis, should be of the order:
<
k
Dcd r M n
x C
In which:
(N / m)
M
n
dr
Dc
C
=
=
=
=
=
mass per unit area of the jacketing, kg/m
2
number of resistant elements in one distance ring
distance between distance rings, m
diameter of jacketing, m
deflection factor, 1/s
2
The resilient elements shall have a built-in mechanical stop, in the direction normal to the pipe axis, in order to limit its maximum deflection.
Support rings (See Appendix 67) which carry the weight of vertical stretches of acoustical insulation shall contain resilient elements. The spring stiffness, k, in the vertical (= axial) direction, in N/m of a single element, should be of the order:
<
k
Dcd r M 2 n
x C
(N / m)
Spring stiffness in lateral directions should be in the range as given for distance rings, where possible. Resilient elements for support rings have both axial and lateral mechanical stops, to limit movements of the insulation, (even) when the resilient element fails.
Commercially available anti-vibration mountings should be used wherever possible. Where the operating temperatures prohibit the use of natural or synthetic rubber as resilient material, other
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materials should be used instead. For example, steel springs in the form of a folded band or knitted metal can be substituted for rubber materials.
NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING ASPECTS
Required Attenuation - Design Phase
The following steps may be used to estimate the required attenuation in the design phase of a plant:
a) Determine the sound pressure level at a distance of 1 meter from the bare pipe wall. Piping upstream and downstream of the source shall both be considered, separately. Both the octave band sound pressure levels and the overall A-weighted level should be determined. The method to be applied depends on the source of pipe noise under concern. (Many valve manufacturers, for example, provide calculated dB (A) levels downstream of their valves). Appendix 68 - Derivation Of Insertion Loss In Terms Of gives typical octave band spectra
b)
If the pipe is the only source of noise in the area and is radiating under free-field conditions, the sound pressure level determined for the relevant place can be compared directly with the area noise limit and any excess noise obtained by subtraction.
Where other noise sources are also present, the total noise level should be determined before comparing with the work area noise limit. The most economical means of eliminating excess noise should then be considered; either by reducing the pipe noise or by reducing the other sources.
c) If the pipe is in a reverberant space or is subject to environmental noise limits, its sound power level should be determined. The sound power level, Lw, of the pipe is derived from:
Lw(s)=Lp(x,r) + 10 log (2πrs) In which r=distance from the pipe axis, meters
(dB)
(r normally = (1 + ½D)
(eqn. 1)
D=diameter of the pipe, meters s=The length of the pipe (s>>r), meters Lp(x, r) = the sound pressure level at a distance r from the axis of the pipe, at a distance x from the source, counted along the pipe
NOTE: The preferred value for x is 1 meter. In this subsection, where attenuation along the pipe is considered negligible, other values of x may also be used.
d) If the pipe is long, it may be worth taking into account the attenuation along the length
of the pipe, which is expressed by the formula:
(dB)
(eqn. 2)
Lp(x,r) Lp(1,r) - βx/D in which Lp(x, r) — see equation (1) Lp(1,r) the sound pressure level from the pipe at a distance of 1 meter away from the noise source, at the same distance r from pipe axis as in Lp(x,r) D the diameter of the pipe (x and D in the same units, e.g. meters) β is the attenuation factor in dB
Unless otherwise specified, the value of β shall be 0.06 dB for pipes carrying gas or vapor, and 0.017 dB for pipes carrying liquid, except that other values may be used if sufficient data is available. The length of pipe should exceed (3D/β) before attenuation should be taken into
account. If, for a particular application, firm evidence is available that the value for
β
is
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different, this different value shall be used. On the basis of equation 2, the sound power level Lw of a long length of pipe can be shown to be:
sL ( w
=∞→
)
L
p
r ),1(
log*10
rD β
4.14
(eqn. 3)
NOTE: The complete equation for the relation between Lw and Lp (1m) is:
in which
ln = logarithm to base e
(eqn. 4)
For small values of (βs/D), equation 4 can be shown to simplify into equation 1 and into equation 3 for very long pipes.
The errors involved in applying equation 1 for pipes longer than (3D/β) and in applying equation 3 for shorter pipes can be shown to be less than 3 dB.
If the sound pressure level near to a source or the sound power level of a pipe section connected to that source is known and pressure or power level has to be determined of another section under different conditions but connected to the same source, the following formula can be used to determine the difference in level due to those other conditions:
In which:
∆𝐿𝐿 = 10 log
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
− 30 log 𝐷𝐷/𝐷𝐷𝑡𝑡 − 10 log 𝑃𝑃/𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡
= Difference in (sound pressure or power) level, dB
t = pipe wall thickness, m ∆𝐿𝐿 D = Pipe Diameter, m
P = Internal static pressure in pipe, Pa
Subscript k refers to the conditions of the known level
e) The contribution of pipe noise calculated from its sound power level and should be added to the contributions from other sources. For environmental noise, the contribution of the pipe to the sound pressure level at the neighbourhood point should be calculated. Unless otherwise specified, such calculations shall be done in accordance with EEMUA 140 or ISO 9613-2.
If allowable limits are exceeded by the combined effect of noise source, the most economical method of reducing noise that compatible with safety and minimal impact on plant operation should be found.
Required Attenuation - Operating Units
In operating units, the assessment of pipe noise can be based on measurements and, where the pipe noise is significantly higher than the background noise, it may be measured directly as airborne noise.
Again, piping upstream and downstream of the source shall be considered, separately. If the background noise prevents the measurement of sound pressure level, the pipe noise may be assessed by measuring the vibratory-velocity level:
Lp (x,r)=Lv+10 log σ + 10 log (D/2r)
(dB)
(eqn. 5)
In which
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Lv=the vibratory velocity level in the pipe
=10 log (v/vo), v and vo in meters/sec
where
vo=5x10-8 m/s
10 log σ =radiation efficiency (since 0<σ<1, 10 log σ is negative). The radiation efficiency of pipes, as used in the procedure, may be taken from Table 27.
The symbols “D” and “r” are pipe diameter and radial distance, as before.
For practical purposes the value of σ can be derived from:
=σ
1 C fD *
3)^
(1
*4
In which
C=Velocity of sound in air, m/s
f=Octave band mid-frequency, Hz
Appendix B of EEMUA 140 describes this method.
Table 27 Radiation Efficiency of Pipes
Nominal
Inside
Wall
10 log σ (dB)
size
diameter
thickness
octave band
inch
mm
mm
63
125 250 500 1k
2k
4k
8k
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
52.5
102.3
154.1
202.7
254.5
304.8
336.6
387.4
438.2
489.0
3.9
6.0
7.1
8.2
9.3
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
-
41
-
32
-
23
-
14
-
6
-
2
-
33
-
24
-
15
-
7
-
2
-
28
-
19
-
19
-
4
-
24
-
15
-
7
-
2
-
21
-
13
-
5
-
1
-
19
-
11
-
4
-
1
-
18
-
10
-
3
-
16
-
8
-
2
-
15
-
7
-
1
-
14
-
5
-
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
When measuring equipment is available for determining the acoustic intensity, such equipment may be used instead. Where results of intensity measurements have to be reported, the equipment itself and the measurement and calibration procedure shall be adequately described.
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Choice of Acoustical Insulation
Where pipe noise is to be reduced, the various alternatives should be considered i.e., application of:
low-noise equipment (by design)
• • silencers • enclosures • acoustical insulation
If the assessment of various aspects of noise control indicates that the acoustical insulation of a pipe is required, the necessary reduction of pipe noise should be tabulated in octave bands. Reference to Table 27 will then indicate which class of insulation is required; see also the following section for the limits of application.
Pipes will usually have to be insulated from the source up to (and sometimes including) the next silencer, vessel, heat exchanger, filter, etc., unless it can be shown that attenuation along the pipe has reduced the noise sufficiently at some point upstream or downstream of the source to render further insulation unnecessary.
This may be the point where the contribution of the pipe to the work area noise level is below the specified value according to equation 2. Alternatively, if the sound power level of a pipe is to be reduced, the length of the pipe, L, to be insulated can be derived as follows:
L
=
D 10 β
- log
− a 1 − R a
In which
(eqn. 6)
R
R
a
a
a
IL
=
=
=
=
=
=
the reduction factor for the totally radiated sound power level
antilog {(Lw, after - Lw, before)/10}
the insertion loss factor of the acoustical insulation
antilog {(Lp, after - Lp, before)/10}
antilog (-IL/10)
the insertion loss of the insulation (see Table 27)
The symbols D and β are pipe diameter and attenuation factor, as before.
NOTE: antilog (x) means ‘ten to the power x’
The relation between the variables in equation 6 is illustrated in Graph 1 with the attenuation factor, β, taken as 0.06. This graph illustrates that reductions in sound power are limited by the performance (insertion loss) of the acoustical insulation, i.e. R shall be larger than a. It also illustrates that in some cases, it may be more economical to choose a class of cladding with higher insertion loss, because the required length is (much) less.
NOTE: Both equation 6 and Graph 1 can be used for either octave band or overall A-weighted values.
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Desired reduction in sound power level, dB
GRAPH 1
Length to diameter ratio of a pipe to be insulated for a given reduction in sound power level as function of the insertion loss of the insulation (β = 0,06)
NOTE: The Noise Control Engineer/CONTRACTOR shall specify the class and extent of acoustical insulation for the piping of all relevant noise sources.
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Restriction in Application
Acoustical insulation will reduce the noise radiated directly from the pipe, but there is a counteracting effect: for any residual vibrations of the insulation cladding, a larger radiating area is available than the surface area of the bare pipe. Furthermore, the cladding may have higher radiation efficiency than the pipe, at low frequencies. These effects are relatively more important on small diameter pipes and pose a limit to the applicability of the various classes of insulation. Acoustical insulation in accordance with classes B, C & D will cause a significant increase in the emission of low-frequency noise on pipes smaller than about 200 mm.
The performance of the various classes at high frequencies does not generally depend on pipe size. When selecting a class of acoustical insulation, the above-mentioned effects shall be taken into account.
The values of insertion loss given in Table 2 should be attained by an insulation system which satisfies the requirements of this specification, but the Noise Control Engineer /CONTRACTOR may apply a factor of safety to allow for possible expected deficiencies in installation and maintenance.
Implications for Piping Design
It is important to ensure at an early stage of the design that the piping arrangement allows for the bulk and mass of acoustical insulation. The Noise Control Engineer / CONTRACTOR is therefore recommended to estimate the noise levels of major piping and to mark on the process engineering flow schemes the extent and thickness of acoustical insulation for those sections of pipe which are to be acoustically insulated. At the same time, he should consider whether the substitution of low-noise sources or the use of silencers might be more appropriate.
The design of pipe supports and hangers must allow sufficient space for the installation of acoustical insulation.
The insulation shall be fitted completely around the pipe - to the extent feasible. Special care should be exercised with Class C & D insulation. Where pipes are attached to steel structures, special consideration should be given to the isolation of vibrations between the pipe and structure.
When piping is supported by or suspended from a steel structure, resilient support or hangers should be used. When class C or D insulation is to be applied. The application of resilient support or hangers may also be considered for other cases. The resilient elements shall have a mechanical stop to limit the movement of the pipe, even when the resilient element fails.
The method for supporting the piping shall be agreed between the parties responsible for the mechanical and the acoustical design.
NOTE: Spring-loaded hangers, as applied to overhead piping subject to thermal expansion, do not necessarily have a satisfactory acoustical performance.
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APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION
General
The requirements of hot insulation Section 9 shall apply, except where modified by this section.
An essential feature of acoustical insulation is that the jacketing shall not be in direct or indirect metal- to-metal contact with the pipe. Any such contact will allow a transmission of vibrations to the jacketing which will reduce or nullify the noise reduction of the insulation. It may even enhance the noise radiation because of the greater surface area of the jacketing.
Resilient elements shall not be pre-stressed or pre-tensioned to the extent that their operational range of deflections is exceeded.
The pipe on which the acoustical insulation is to be mounted is not necessarily hot. Thus, attention shall be paid to corrosion prevention, by painting as well as the prevention of both rainwater ingress and condensation of water vapor within and upon the insulation.
For installation details, refer to Appendices 57 through 69. Additional or alternative methods of installation may be submitted to the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY for approval.
NOTE: The illustrations in the appendices show the general principles required for acoustical insulation, but the actual installation details may vary according to local circumstances.
Extent of Insulation
The length of pipe to be insulated and the class of insulation shall be as specified separately by the Noise Control Engineer / CONTRACTOR responsible for the acoustical design of the installation.
The insulation of pipe supports, flanges and valves shall be in accordance with the requirements of the class.
Anti-Vibration Seals
At positions where metal-to-metal contact would normally occur, anti-vibration seals shall be applied, see Appendix 58 - Typical Arrangement of Acoustic Insulation Showing Jacketing and End Cap and Appendix 59 - Construction Details - End Caps. They shall have a minimum thickness of 3mm and a minimum width of 50 mm
The edges of the jacketing or end cap shall be folded where they rest on the anti-vibration seal. If the seal is of porous insulation material, the outer edge shall be weatherproofed with a flexible mastic compound.
End Caps
At all exposed flanges, the acoustical insulation shall be terminated with an end cap. This cap shall be located as close to the flange as possible, but still allow bolt removal. The end cap shall be isolated from the pipe by means of an anti-vibration seal. For end caps at pipe ends, see Appendix 59 - Construction Details - End Caps and Appendix 60 - End Cap at Pipe End.
Acoustical Enclosures
When the noise radiated from a valve must be reduced, the equipment shall be surrounded by an acoustic enclosure. Flanges may also be surrounded by an acoustic enclosure or by removable insulation. Acoustic enclosures shall be easily demountable to provide access to the flange or valve. Joints shall be sealed to prevent noise leakage.
Demountable parts of acoustic enclosures shall have lifting lugs if their mass exceeds 25 kg.
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The acoustic enclosure shall have an outer surface of metal sheet with a mass per unit area at least equal to that of the jacketing of adjacent pipes. The porous layer shall be similar in material and thickness to that used on the piping and shall be retained by an inner surface layer with an open area of about 30%, for example, by the use of a perforated metal sheet. The inner surface layer shall be at least 10 mm away from the flange or valve.
Where acoustic enclosures are installed around flanged joints, they shall be of sufficient length to overlap the ends of the pipe jacketing by at least 100 mm for Class A and 200 mm for Classes B, C, and D, (see Appendix 62 - Arrangement for the Acoustic Insulation of Flanged Joints).
Earthing of Jacketing
Jacketing segments shall be connected in such a way that they are galvanically earthed to prevent electrostatic charging. This may be achieved either by using a fastening method that ensures an electrical connection, e.g. self-tapping screws, or by applying special braided wire between segments. The jacketing shall be galvanically connected to the pipe or any other earthed part of the structure at each end of the acoustical insulation.
Prevention of Mechanical Damage
Where acoustic insulation may be liable to mechanical damage, special provision shall be made to protect it. For example, where it may be stepped on, separately supported steps should be provided. Where mechanical load cannot be avoided, the jacketing should be reinforced by using stiffener plate(s) and additional distance rings.
Combined Thermal and Acoustical Insulation
19.8.1.1 Hot Insulation
When insulation is required for thermal as well as for acoustic reasons, the same material may be used for both purposes, provided the acoustic requirements of this specification are met. The thickness of the porous layer shall be determined by the more stringent of the two requirements and the acoustic insulation shall be installed as the outer layer
The material selection for hot insulation systems that need noise reduction (acoustic insulation design) should be such that a material is selected with low sound transmission (e.g., FEF, Mineral wool, nano porous, micro porous, flexible aerogel blanket).
19.8.1.2 Cold Insulation
Dual temperature service, cold and acoustic insulation systems shall meet the heat gain and condensation requirements specified in Part 2 of the specification and the design of the insulation system shall prevent moisture condensation and icing in the acoustic and cold insulation materials
The cold insulation system shall be applied to the pipe first, and the acoustic insulation applied on top. The density of the porous layer shall be 150 Kg/m3. . The vapor seal shall conform to Part 2 of this specification. To prevent condensation at the interface between the two layers, a second vapor seal shall be applied outside the porous layer. Care should be taken to avoid damage when applying the cladding directly over the vapor seal; rivets or self-tapping screws shall not be used.
A wet-applied vapour barrier shall not be used in acoustic insulation.
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SECTION C – OTHER REQUIREMENTS
QUALITY CONTROL
Quality Assurance/Management System
20.1.1 SUPPLIER’s Quality Management Systems shall comply with all the requirements of ISO 9001 “Quality Management Systems – Requirements” and ISO 9004 “Quality management - Quality of an organization - Guidance to achieve sustained success”.
20.1.2 Materials and services shall only be procured from and supplied by MANUFACTURERS and
CONTRACTORS approved by COMPANY.
20.1.3 To ensure that all work is being performed consistently and accurately and to the requirements of the Project Specifications, CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the SUPPLIER shall have in effect, at all times, a QA program which clearly establishes the authorities and responsibilities of those responsible for the Quality System. Persons performing Quality functions shall have sufficient and well-defined authority to enforce Quality requirements that they initiate or identify and to recommend and provide solutions for Quality problems and thereafter verify the effectiveness of the corrective action.
20.1.4 Quality System and Quality Control requirements shall be identified and included in the CONTRACTOR’s Purchase Documentation. Based on these requirements the SUPPLIER will develop a QA/QC program which shall be submitted to the CONTRACTOR for review and approval. The SUPPLIER’s QA/QC program shall extend to SUB-CONTRACTORS and SUB-SUPPLIERS.
20.1.5 On request, the SUPPLIER shall provide objective evidence of QA/QC surveillance for all levels of the
SUPPLIER activity.
20.1.6 COMPANY/ CONTRACTOR reserves the right to inspect materials and workmanship at all stages of manufacture and to witness any or all tests. The SUPPLIER shall provide the CONTRACTOR with a copy of its manufacturing Inspection and Test Plan and with copies of all related/ referenced procedures for review and approval in accordance with the agreed document schedule.
20.1.7 SUPPLIER Inspection and Test Plan will be reviewed by COMPANY for inclusion of any mandatory
COMPANY/ CONTRACTOR witness or hold points.”
Quality Plan
20.2.1 The CONTRACTOR’S Quality Manual shall provide details for the preparation of a Quality Plan in accordance to AGES-GL-13-001-Contractor QA/QC Requirements, which shall include provisions for the QA/QC activities. The Quality Plan shall be submitted to COMPANY for approval. Moreover, in case of any revision in the Quality Plan due to change in Quality Management System, then the revised QP shall be submitted for COMPANY approval before initiating any service activities.
20.2.2 The level of detail required in the Quality Plan shall be commensurate with the scope of services
provided.
20.2.3 During services / activities, Quality Assurance / Quality Control issues are the responsibility of the
SUPPLIER and shall be approved and certified by the Third-party Authority (TPA).
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20.2.4 All Conflicts among CONTRACTOR, SUPPLIER & TPA shall be reported in writing to COMPANY for
resolution.
Inspection
20.3.1
Inspection of Materials
20.3.2 The Criticality Rating (CR) System outlined in COMPANY Specification AGES-SP-13-001 shall be used by CONTRACTOR or CONTRACTOR’s designee to develop the design checking levels and minimum requirements for shop inspection, testing and material certification given in respective Group COMPANY Specification.
20.3.3 Progressive testing of systems to be insulated shall be completed, inspected, and approved by the
CONTRACTOR/COMPANY before insulation may be applied. Suitable application temperature and conditions shall be observed before applications are done. All metal surfaces of piping, equipment or vessels under insulation shall be suitably painted by with a complete paint system required for insulated surfaces in accordance with painting SPEC in AGES
20.3.4 The COMPANY Specifications AGES-SP-13-002 Procurement
Inspection & Certification Requirements in Projects describe the minimum inspection and certification requirements to be performed by CONTRACTOR on the equipment and materials for the COMPANY facilities which shall be subject to inspection, testing and witnessing, at source of supply
a)
Inspection of materials shall be made either at the VENDOR premises or in the field. Material conformance certificates in strict conformance with this specification shall be submitted for approval prior to commencement of work.
b) Prior to the commencement of the work the “Site Instruction Manual” compiled by the
CONTRACTOR shall be submitted for COMPANY review and approval.
c) Should the material be delivered in various production batches, one laboratory test shall be performed at the Vendor’s works and the test results submitted. For all other batches a “Compliance Certificate” shall be submitted certifying that the materials are in accordance with the technical specifications of the first production batch. Each batch used on site shall be marked clearly as to allow rapid tracing of the origin of the supply should discrepancies be noted.
20.3.5 Pre-Insulation Inspection
20.3.5.1 To avoid failures of the insulation system as designed, a thorough inspection of the design and installation of the mechanical systems shall be performed by a team of all parties concerned prior to insulation installation.
20.3.5.2 The following shall be ensured by the CONTRACTOR and witnessed/inspected by COMPANY prior
to the commencement of any insulation work.
a) All equipment/piping surfaces shall be clean/dry and coated.
b) All equipment/piping shall be hydrostatically tested before insulation is applied. With the prior agreement of COMPANY insulation work may proceed in advance of hydrostatic testing. If so, all weld joints shall be left unpainted / uninsulated until after testing is completed.
c) All hangers and supports shall be of the correct size, properly located according to the
specifications.
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d) All supports, anchors, guides or hangers shall be free from obstructions to allow sufficient space for support insulation application, condensation control and normal expansion and contraction of the system.
e) All supports, anchors, guides or hangers on low temperature piping must be free from obstructions to allow sufficient space for support insulation application, condensation control treatment and normal expansion and contraction of the system.
f) Expansion/Contraction joints - All positions for installation of the expansion/contraction joints in
the insulation shall be clearly defined and marked.
g) Clearances - Sufficient accessibility and clearance must be provided for both the insulation and
the space necessary for workmen to install the insulation.
h) Heat tracing and control instrumentation - All tracing, steam/electrical and all wiring/tubing for
instrumentation shall be pre-installed as specified, tested and accepted.
20.3.5.3 Inspection Procedure for In Situ Molded/Dispensed PUF for Cold Insulation
Foam injections shall be done only after examination of the control scheme for each pipe to be insulated.
The inspection procedure shall be implemented by the CONTRACTOR and control sheets shall be established for each pipe/spool to assess the step-by-step inspection status on a continuous basis. The inspection procedure shall include (but not be limited to) the following tests, documented in appropriate data sheets and performed daily:
a) Manual foaming test to establish cream, rise and string time as well as free rise density and a
visual examination of the foam sample to verify that it has the closed cell structure.
b) Machine foaming test in free expansion to verify the same values as in the manual foaming test.
c) Measuring and recording of all data such as:
ambient temperature
relative humidity
operating and recirculation pressures for the pouring machines.
d)
Inspection of the cavities to be foamed on the following:
-
Temperature
-
Humidity
-
Accessibility
properly placed/designed pouring/vent holes
e)
Inspection of the foamed cavities by examination of the quantity and quality of the foam escaping from the vent holes.
f) Periodic random checks by cutting samples. On these samples the compressive strength shall
also be tested.
g)
Injection control data sheets shall be maintained for all insulated pipes/spools to record all operating and material data for easy cross-reference in case of failure. h. All samples obtained shall be catalogued and submitted together with copies of the data sheets monthly.
20.3.6 Final Inspection and Release
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a) Final inspection shall be conducted by a team of all parties concerned at the point when the installation is considered complete or as soon as possible thereafter. An agreed warranty or official release shall be determined at that time, and the responsibility for protection of the insulation from damage done by others transferred from the CONTRACTOR to COMPANY. Complete installations shall be accepted in their entirety.
b) The installation shall be inspected to determine that the insulation is of the proper thickness, that its materials, workmanship and finishes meet the specifications and amendments, and that all contractual obligations have been met. Infrared inspection technique can be used after start-up to verify proper thermal performance of the insulation system(s).
It is the CONTRACTOR responsibility to supply the equipment and carry out the infra-red survey in the presence of COMPANY. The Contractor shall submit for COMPANY review and approval a written procedure for this survey following award and prior to the commencement of any insulation work and make available his equipment at the time of system start-up and handover.
20.3.7 Testing
20.3.7.1 The CONTRACTOR shall submit test reports and adhere to take quality control requirements on all
insulation materials described.
20.3.7.2 In order to ensure that insulation materials supplied to the job site are fully in compliance with the specification requirements, a randomly selected sample of the insulation materials shall be collected from the job site and the following quality control tests shall be carried out at a minimum of three times during the conduct of work, scheduled at the beginning of usage, halfway through, at the end or as additionally advised by COMPANY. Arrangement shall be at the Contractor’s expense.
a) Density as per BS 2972.
b) Closed cells content as per BS 2972.
c) Thermal conductivity as per BSI BS EN 12939 at 10°C and 300°C mean temperature.
d) Compressive strength as per ASTM D1621.
e) Flammability in accordance with BS 476 Part 7 to be Class 1 minimum.
f) Water retention at 20°C & 250°C in accordance with BS 2972 Section 11 for total and partial
immersion.
g) Cryogenic condition” testing for Cold insulation
20.3.7.3 For the in situ moulded/dispensed polyurethane foam, the Contractor shall establish site testing facilities to carry out the day to day testing in accordance with the QA/QC programme. The following are the minimum physical properties to be tested and verified:
a) Closed cell structure (visual test).
b) Free rise density as per ASTM D1622.
c) Foam stability.
d) Visual inspection of colour.
20.3.7.4 Results of Quality Control tests shall be recorded on two samples of foam from each batch of chemicals
and reported to COMPANY as requested. Batches shall be identified by serial number and date.
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Approval of Insulation Contractors
Only CONTRACTORS qualified and approved by COMPANY shall be considered to carry out the insulation work.
PACKING, SHIPPING, PRESERVATION, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Packaging and Shipping
21.1.1 Preparation for shipment shall be in accordance with the SUBCONTRACTOR’S/VENDOR’s standards, . SUBCONTRACTOR/ VENDOR shall be solely responsible for the adequacy of the preparation for shipment provisions with respect to materials and application, and to provide equipment at the destination in ex-works condition when handled by commercial carriers. For General guidelines refer AGES -SP-07-011 Preservation and Export Packing.
21.1.2 Preparation for shipment and packing will be subject to inspection and rejection by the COMPANY’S/CONTRACTOR’S inspectors. All costs occasioned by such rejection shall be to the account of the SUBCONTRACTOR/VENDOR
21.1.3 All insulation materials shall be stored in moisture-proof containers.All insulation materials shall be packaged to prevent ingress of moisture both during shipment and subsequent storage at site. In particular, mineral fiber shall be packaged to ensure that the materials remain free from mechanical damage during shipment and storage.
21.1.4 Standard cardboard cartons are not acceptable without a stout polythene liner. The sub-supplier shall
provide details of packaging for approval prior to shipment.
21.1.5
If foam materials in the form of assigned stock are transported by ship, protection against salt spray and weathering shall be provided by wrapping materials in ultraviolet resistant polyethylene, tarpaulins or in closed containers.
21.1.6 All accessories and materials (i.e. coatings, adhesives, sealants, sealers etc.) are to be shipped to the
job site in the original, marked, unopened containers/boxes as provided by the Vendors.
General Storage Compound
21.2.1
Insulation materials must not be stored directly on the ground. The materials must be stored on platforms or pedestals at least 300 mm from ground surface and fully covered with moisture resistant cover including the bottom side of the insulation materials to prevent exposure to any form of water, steam, wet, or damp environment. CONTRACTOR /COMPANY shall select random samples from batch of insulation material received at site for testing at approved laboratories for ensuring the quality compliance of the materials before installation. The quantity and frequency of testing will be at the discretion of CONTRACTOR/COMPANY.
21.2.2 On arrival, material shall be off loaded at a designated storage compound and inspected by the CONTRACTOR and the designated COMPANY Representative to ensure that the material certification is correct and that the material is free from mechanical damage and/or ingress of moisture.
21.2.3 All thermal insulation materials shall be dry on arrival and shall be placed directly into storage facilities allocated for this purpose. Site material storage facilities shall be provided by the Contractor. The
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CONTRACTOR shall submit details of storage facilities for approval by COMPANY prior to bringing any material to site.
21.2.4
Insulation materials shall be transferred to the worksite by covered transport, and by appropriate methods to the work face.
21.2.5 Contractors shall take special precautions during transportation and site storage of thermal insulation materials to ensure that the material is not exposed to contamination by airborn chlorides and shall remain in the factory applied plastic bags until immediately prior to use any materials left on site unprotected overnight will be rejected.
21.2.6
Insulation materials shall be protected to withstand ocean transit and extended periods of storage at the jobsite for a minimum period of 18 months. Materials shall be protected to safeguard against all adverse environments, such as: humidity, moisture, rain, dust, dirt, sand, mud, salt air, salt spray, and seawater.
21.2.7 PUF/PIR materials shall at all times be protected from moisture and limited ultraviolet exposure (12
hours). The following conditions are to be observed:
Material shall be stored in an area to provide sufficient protection from moisture, ultraviolet exposure and abuse.
Insulation showing evidence of moisture shall be rejected
Transfers to Workplace
Only material sufficient for 3 days work shall be transported from the worksite storage compound to the workplace. All material transferred to the workplace shall be stored under cover at all times.
Disposal
Disposal of residual & used materials shall be performed fully in accordance with UAE rules & regulations
DOCUMENTATION/MANUFACTURER DATA RECORDS
Documentation
22.1.1 The SUPPLIER shall submit
for CONTRACTOR’S approval or information as listed in the individual Material Requisitions and Purchase Orders
type and quantity of drawings and documentation
the
22.1.2 Mutual agreement on scheduled submittal of drawings and engineering data shall be an integral part
of any formal Purchase Order.
22.1.3 Comments made by the CONTRACTOR on drawing submittals shall not relieve the SUPPLIER or SUBSUPPLIERS of any responsibility in meeting the requirements of the specifications. Such comments shall not be construed as permission to deviate from requirements of the Purchase Order unless specific and mutual agreement is reached and confirmed in writing.
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22.1.4 Each drawing shall be provided with a title block in the bottom right-hand corner incorporating the
following information:
a. Official trade name of the COMPANY.
b. MANUFACTURERS’s name and drawing number.
c. Drawing title giving the description of contents whereby the drawing can be identified
d. A symbol or letter indicating the latest issue or revision
e. Purchase Order number and item tag numbers
f. Project name and CONTRACTOR and COMPANY Logo.
22.1.5 Revisions to a drawing shall be identified with symbols adjacent to the alterations, a brief description in tabular form of each revision shall be given, and if applicable, the authority and date of the revision shall be listed. The term “Latest Revision” shall not be used.
22.1.6 CONTRACTOR / ENGINEER shall submit to COMPANY the native files of the design calculations as
part of the project documentation and as and when required by the COMPANY.
22.1.7 Each document shall indicate that it has been checked before submittal. Fabrication shall not proceed
until approval has been received from the CONTRACTOR.
22.1.8 Review of SUPPLER’s documents by the CONTRACTOR does not relieve the SUPPLIER of
responsibility for compliance to the applicable Codes, Standards, data sheets and Specifications.
22.1.9 The SUPLIER’s drawings, calculations, and engineering data shall be in English language and in
metric units.
22.1.10 Units of measurement shall be compatible with data sheets/drawings and PROJECT Specifications.
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GUARANTEES & WARRANTY
General
23.1.1
Insulation shall be guaranteed by the SUPPLIER against defective design, material, and workmanship in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Order.
23.1.2 SUPPLIER shall guarantee that all materials used in the installation are new and have been submitted
to regular acceptance procedure and are free from any defect.
23.1.3 The SUPPLIER shall obtain and transmit all SUBSUPPLIER and SUBCONTRACTOR warranties to
the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY, in addition to the system warranty.
23.1.4 The SUPPLIER shall guarantee that the Insulation material meet the operating conditions specified. If the Insulation material does not fulfil the performance guarantee, the SUPPLIER shall, without cost to CONTRACTOR/COMPANY, furnish new material or redesign and rebuild the furnished material to meet the performance guarantee.
23.1.5 Unless otherwise specified in the Purchase Order, the guarantee period shall be one year from the date the plant is placed in regular operation, or 18 months from the date of installation, whichever is sooner.
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SECTION D – STANDARD DRAWINGS
Applicable Standard Drawings contained in section E shall be followed.
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SECTION E – APPENDICES
The following appendices show typical insulation construction details
E1: Hot insulation
APPENDIX 1 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF STUD COLLAR (SPACER RINGS)
APPENDIX 2 - CIRCUMFERENTIAL JOINT OVERLAP (BALL SWAGED) AND SEAL
APPENDIX 3 - INSULATION BOX FOR A FLANGE CONNECTION
APPENDIX 4 - TRUNNION SUPPORTS AT BEND AND ELBOWS (TRACED OR UNTRACED PIPING)
APPENDIX 5 - INSULATION BOX FOR A FLANGED VALVE
APPENDIX 6 - HOUSING DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENTS
APPENDIX 7 - TYPICAL METHOD FOR INSULATING HEAT TRACED PIPEWORK
APPENDIX 8 - PIPE HANGERS AND SUPPORT
APPENDIX 9 - PIPE INSULATION (CALCIUM SILICATE), SINGLE LAYER
APPENDIX 10 - PIPE INSULATION (FIBROUS - 1 PIECE), SINGLE LAYER
APPENDIX 11 - PIPE INSULATION (FIBROUS - 2 PIECE), SINGLE LAYER
APPENDIX 12 - WEATHERPROOFING OF ELBOWS
APPENDIX 13 - WEATHERPROOFING OF TEES AND STUB-INS
APPENDIX 14 - INSULATION SUPPORT - VERTICAL PIPING
APPENDIX 15 - CHINA HAT (WEATHERPROOFING)
APPENDIX 16 - INSULATED SCREWED OR SOCKET WELDED VALVE
APPENDIX 17- INSULATION TERMINATION AT FLANGES
APPENDIX 18 - INSULATION TERMINATION AT A FLANGED VALVE
APPENDIX 19 - INSULATION TERMINATION AT A WELDED VALVE
APPENDIX 20 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (WITHOUT SHOES)
APPENDIX 21 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (SINGLE WEB SHOE)
APPENDIX 22 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (DOUBLE WEB SHOE)
APPENDIX 23 - INSULATED PIPE AT A SUPPORT POINT (INSIDE CRADLE)
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APPENDIX 24 - INSULATED PIPE AT HANGER ROD
APPENDIX 25 - INSULATED VESSEL - SUPPORT RING AND BOTTOM HEAD DETAIL (WITH A HOT BOX)
APPENDIX 26 - INSULATED VESSEL - SUPPORT RING AND BOTTOM HEAD DETAIL (WITHOUT A HOT box)
APPENDIX 27 - VESSEL INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING
APPENDIX 28 - HORIZONTAL VESSEL INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING
APPENDIX 29 - SEALING PLATES AT NOZZLE PROJECTIONS OF VESSELS, EQUIPMENT AND PIPING
APPENDIX 30 - SUPPORT PINS FOR BLANKET INSULATION ON HORIZONTAL VESSELS
APPENDIX 31- INSULATION OF MANWAYS OR NOZZLES WITH BOXES
APPENDIX 32 - INSULATION AT HORIZONTAL NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION
APPENDIX 33 - INSULATION AT VERTICAL UP NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION
APPENDIX 34 - INSULATION AT A VERTICAL DOWN NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION
APPENDIX 35 - INSULATION AT A HORIZONTAL Manway
APPENDIX 36 - INSULATION AT A VERTICAL MANWAY
APPENDIX 37A - INSULATED TANK
APPENDIX 37B - SULPHUR INSULATED TANK DETAILS
APPENDIX 38 - INSULATED TANK AT PENCIL ROD
APPENDIX 39- INSULATED TANK ROOF
APPENDIX 40 - DETAIL OF MESH GUARDS FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION
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E2: Cold insulation
APPENDIX 41 - DETAILS FOR INSULATION SYSTEMS
APPENDIX 42 - VAPOR STOP DETAILS
APPENDIX 43 - INSULATION ATTACHMENT METHOD ON DOMED ENDS
APPENDIX 44 - TYPICAL DETAILS OF METALLIC JACKETING AND ATTACHMENT METHODS FOR PIPING (LOBSTER BACK)
APPENDIX 45 - VALVE INSULATION DETAILS
APPENDIX 46 - MANHOLE COVER INSULATION DETAILS
APPENDIX 47 - HORIZONTAL CONTRACTION JOINT DETAILS
APPENDIX 48 - VERTICAL CONTRACTION JOINT DETAIL AT A SUPPORT RING
APPENDIX 49 - CONTRACTION JOINT DETAIL FOR A ‘BELLOWS’ EXPANSION JOINT
APPENDIX 50A - DETAILS FOR THE EXTENT OF INSULATION ALONG EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS
APPENDIX 50B - PIPE TRUNNION SUPPORT INSULATION DEATILS
APPENDIX 51 - VESSEL CLIP INSULATION DETAILS
APPENDIX 52 - DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES FOR INSTALLATION OF PREFORMED SECTIONS OF PUF/PIR COLD INSULATION
APPENDIX 53 - PIPE SUPPORT INSULATION WITH VAPOUR BARRIER PROTECTION SHIELD AND STRUCTURAL CRADLE
APPENDIX 54 - HANGER FOR INSULATED PIPEWORK PIPE SUPPORT
APPENDIX 55 - GAS LEAK DETECTION HOSES
APPENDIX 56 - CONTRACTION GAP BETWEEN PIPE/EQUIPMENT SURFACE AND INNER LAYER OF PUF (FOR PREFORMED PIPE SECTIONS ONLY)
E3: Acoustic insulation
APPENDIX 57 - GENERAL COMPOSITION OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION
APPENDIX 58 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION SHOWING JACKETING AND END CAP
APPENDIX 59 - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS - END CAPS
APPENDIX 60 - END CAP AT PIPE END
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APPENDIX 61 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR BRANCHES AND TEES
APPENDIX 62 - ARRANGEMENT FOR THE ACOUSTIC INSULATION OF FLANGED JOINTS
APPENDIX 63 - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS — END CAPS OF BOXES
APPENDIX 64 - SUPPORT FOR VERTICAL PIPE
APPENDIX 65 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR JACKETING
APPENDIX 66 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR JACKETING SUPPORTS
APPENDIX 67 AND INSULATION SUPPORTS IN VERTICAL PIPES
-TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR VIBRATION-ISOLATED JACKETING
APPENDIX 68 - DERIVATION OF INSERTION LOSS IN TERMS OF
APPENDIX 69 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURE FOR A VALVE
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E1 : HOT INSULATION
APPENDIX 1 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF STUD COLLAR (SPACER RINGS)
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APPENDIX 2 - CIRCUMFERENTIAL JOINT OVERLAP (BALL SWAGED) AND SEAL
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APPENDIX 3 - INSULATION BOX FOR A FLANGE CONNECTION
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APPENDIX 4 - TRUNNION SUPPORTS AT BEND AND ELBOWS (TRACED OR UNTRACED PIPING)
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APPENDIX 5 - INSULATION BOX FOR A FLANGED VALVE
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APPENDIX 6 - HOUSING DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENTS
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APPENDIX 7 - TYPICAL METHOD FOR INSULATING HEAT TRACED PIPEWORK
Refer to AGES-SP-09-10 Appendix 19
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APPENDIX 8 - PIPE HANGERS AND SUPPORT
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APPENDIX 9 - PIPE INSULATION (CALCIUM SILICATE), SINGLE LAYER
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APPENDIX 10 - PIPE INSULATION (FIBROUS - 1 PIECE), SINGLE LAYER
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APPENDIX 11 - PIPE INSULATION (FIBROUS - 2 PIECE), SINGLE LAYER
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APPENDIX 12 - WEATHERPROOFING OF ELBOWS
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APPENDIX 13 - WEATHERPROOFING OF TEES AND STUB-INS
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APPENDIX 14 - INSULATION SUPPORT - VERTICAL PIPING
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APPENDIX 15 - CHINA HAT (WEATHERPROOFING)
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APPENDIX 16 - INSULATED SCREWED OR SOCKET WELDED VALVE
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APPENDIX 17- INSULATION TERMINATION AT FLANGES
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APPENDIX 18 - INSULATION TERMINATION AT A FLANGED VALVE
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APPENDIX 19 - INSULATION TERMINATION AT A WELDED VALVE
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APPENDIX 20 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (WITHOUT SHOES)
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APPENDIX 21 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (SINGLE WEB SHOE)
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APPENDIX 22 - INSULATED PIPING AT A SUPPORT POINT (DOUBLE WEB SHOE)
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APPENDIX 23 - INSULATED PIPE AT A SUPPORT POINT (INSIDE CRADLE)
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APPENDIX 24 - INSULATED PIPE AT HANGER ROD
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APPENDIX 25 - INSULATED VESSEL - SUPPORT RING AND BOTTOM HEAD DETAIL (WITH A HOT BOX)
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APPENDIX 26 - INSULATED VESSEL - SUPPORT RING AND BOTTOM HEAD DETAIL (WITHOUT A HOT BOX)
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APPENDIX 27 - VESSEL INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING
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APPENDIX 28 - HORIZONTAL VESSEL INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFINGG
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APPENDIX 29 - SEALING PLATES AT NOZZLE PROJECTIONS OF VESSELS, EQUIPMENT AND PIPING
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APPENDIX 30 - SUPPORT PINS FOR BLANKET INSULATION ON HORIZONTAL VESSELS
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APPENDIX 31- INSULATION OF MANWAYS OR NOZZLES WITH BOXES
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APPENDIX 32 - INSULATION AT HORIZONTAL NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION
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APPENDIX 33 - INSULATION AT VERTICAL UP NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION
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APPENDIX 34 - INSULATION AT A VERTICAL DOWN NOZZLE OR PROTRUSION
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APPENDIX 35 - INSULATION AT A HORIZONTAL MANWAY
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APPENDIX 36 - INSULATION AT A VERTICAL MANWAY
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APPENDIX 37A - INSULATED TANK
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APPENDIX 37B – SULPHUR TANK INSULATION DETAILS
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APPENDIX 38 - INSULATED TANK AT PENCIL ROD
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APPENDIX 39- INSULATED TANK ROOF
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APPENDIX 40 - DETAIL OF MESH GUARDS FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION
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E2 : COLD INSULATION
APPENDIX 41 - DETAILS FOR INSULATION SYSTEMS
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APPENDIX 42 - VAPOR STOP DETAILS
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APPENDIX 43 - INSULATION ATTACHMENT METHOD ON DOMED ENDS
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APPENDIX 44 - TYPICAL DETAILS OF METALLIC JACKETING AND ATTACHMENT METHODS FOR PIPING (LOBSTER BACK)
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APPENDIX 45 - VALVE INSULATION DETAILS
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APPENDIX 46 - MANHOLE COVER INSULATION DETAILS
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APPENDIX 47 - HORIZONTAL CONTRACTION JOINT DETAILS
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APPENDIX 48 - VERTICAL CONTRACTION JOINT DETAIL AT A SUPPORT RING
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APPENDIX 49 - CONTRACTION JOINT DETAIL FOR A ‘BELLOWS’ EXPANSION JOINT
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APPENDIX 50A - DETAILS FOR THE EXTENT OF INSULATION ALONG EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS
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APPENDIX 50B - PIPE TRUNNION SUPPORT INSULATION DETAIL
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APPENDIX 51 - VESSEL CLIP INSULATION DETAILS
See the note bellow
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APPENDIX 52 - DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES FOR INSTALLATION OF PREFORMED SECTIONS OF
PUF/PIR COLD INSULATION
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APPENDIX 53 - PIPE SUPPORT INSULATION WITH VAPOUR BARRIER PROTECTION SHIELD AND STRUCTURAL CRADLE
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APPENDIX 54 - HANGER FOR INSULATED PIPEWORK PIPE SUPPORT
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APPENDIX 55 - GAS LEAK DETECTION HOSES
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APPENDIX 56 - CONTRACTION GAP BETWEEN PIPE/EQUIPMENT SURFACE AND INNER LAYER OF PUF (FOR PREFORMED PIPE SECTIONS ONLY)
Operating Temperature °C
-196< T< -75
Minimum Gap in mm Operating Temperature Pipe/equipment O.D. range in mm D< 219 2.0
406< D< 610 6.0
219< D< 406 4.0
610< D< 800 7.0
-75< T< -40
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Note: Diameter of preformed PUF sections shall be the contraction gap plus the O.D. of pipe/equipment. The maximum contraction gap shall not exceed 1.25 times the minimum gap.
CONTRACTION DIFFERENTIALS FOR DESIGN
Operating
Thermal Contraction Based on 20°C Ambient Temperature (mm/m)
Temperature (°C)
Cellular Glass
PIR/PUF
Carbon Steel
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
-1.54
-1.21
-0.89
-0.53
-0.15
0.24
-15.4
-11.9
-8.4
-4.9
-1.4
2.1
-1.94
-1.68
-1.26
-0.77
-0.23
0.34
Stainless Steel
-2.83
-2.37
-1.76
-1.06
-0.32
0.47
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E3 : ACOUSTIC INSULATION
APPENDIX 57 - GENERAL COMPOSITION OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION
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APPENDIX 58 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION SHOWING JACKETING AND
END CAP
retaining banding
- pipe
- end cap, may consist of two overlapping halves with overlap in the horizontal plane
- vibro-acoustic seal [see Appendix-59 a]
- porous layer
- overlap (longitudinal seams shall be located in the 4 to 5 o’clock position to prevent moisture intrusion)
- cladding
fixing system of the cladding: rivets, screws (these shall not be used when cladding is directly over a vapour barrier) or stainless-steel straps
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APPENDIX 59 - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS - END CAPS
-
pipe
-
adhesive/sealing layer
-
vibro-acoustic seal
retaining band
- shaped profile collar
a) Vibro-acoustic seal
-
end cap
-
mastic seal
b) End cap to cladding seal
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APPENDIX 60 - END CAP AT PIPE END
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APPENDIX 61 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR BRANCHES AND TEES
pipe c l a d d i n g porous layer screws or rivets mastic seal
1 2 3 4 5 a. upper connection lower connection b.
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APPENDIX 62 - ARRANGEMENT FOR THE ACOUSTIC INSULATION OF FLANGED JOINTS
- Fixing system of the cladding: rivets, screws (these shall not be used when cladding is directly over a
vapour barrier) or stainless-steel straps
- bolt length + 30 mm
- overlap = insulation thickness
- clip to fix porous layer
- Space may be filled with porous material.
lock formed
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APPENDIX 63 - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS — END CAPS OF BOXES
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APPENDIX 64 - SUPPORT FOR VERTICAL PIPE
- vibration-isolating pad
- vibro-acoustic seal
- mastic seal
NOTE:
For Class A insulation, a T-shaped construction (similar to Appendix 61) is allowed for lines up to NPS 4; for Classes B and C insulation, a T-shaped construction is allowed for lines up to NPS 4.
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APPENDIX 65 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR JACKETING
(When welding to the pipe is allowed)
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APPENDIX 66 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR JACKETING SUPPORTS
resilient pad 2. spring + stop 3. retaining band 4. cladding support ring 5 . c l a d d i n g 6. air-gap (may be provided with porous layer)
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APPENDIX 67 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR VIBRATION-ISOLATED JACKETING AND INSULATION SUPPORTS IN VERTICAL PIPES
- vibration-isolating pad
- pipe wall
- cladding
- vulcanized layer
- support on strapping band (or welded)
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APPENDIX 68 - DERIVATION OF INSERTION LOSS IN TERMS OF DB(A)
The decision to apply acoustical insulation will usually be based on a measured or calculated noise level in dB(A) of the unsilenced pipe, but a calculation of the effectiveness of acoustical insulation in terms of dB(A) can only be done on the basis of an octave band spectrum of the noise.
Where possible the actual spectrum of the pipe under consideration should be obtained. If the noise level in dB(A) is the only quantity available, the octave band spectrum may be estimated using Table A.1. This table gives a typical spectral shape of noise from pipes attached to various types of sources in the form of a correction to be subtracted from the noise level in dB(A).
Table A.1 Typical Spectral Shapes for Noise from Pipes Attached To Various Types of Sources Difference Between A-Weighted Level, Db(A) and Octave Band Level, Db
Octave band centre frequency, Hz
Source
125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
8000
Difference between A-weighted overall and linear octave band
Control valve a
Centrifugal compressor b
Centrifugal pump
Reciprocating compressor
20
15
4
3
16
12
2
4
17
9
4
5
9
7
5
6
6
3
7
8
5
10
9
8
7
12
12
8
a) In gas service with gas reaching sonic velocity in the valve, typical nominal pipe diameters are 150 mm to
350 mm.
b) Typical pipe diameter exceeding 300 mm.
The effect of acoustical insulation can now be obtained by subtracting the insertion loss of the type of insulation considered, per octave band. The sound level in dB(A) after insulation may be obtained by subtracting the A-weighting factors from the octave band levels according to Table A.2 and by adding these A-weighted octave band levels using the following equation:
Lp (A) = in which Lp (A) = Lp63 =
10*log (antilog Lp63/10 + … + antilog Lp8k/10)
A-weighted sound level
A-weighted octave band levels for 63 Hz octave band, etc.
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Table A.2 Octave band levels
Octave band
63
125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
8000
(Hz)
A-weighting
26
16
9
3
0
-
1
-
1
1
The insertion loss in dB(A) equals the difference between the dB(A) levels for bare and insulated pipe.
Example:
Pipe Noise Due to Control Valve:
Parameter
125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
8000 A-weighted
Octave band centre frequency, Hz
Total
level
Noise connected to control valve
from bare pipe
100
Source correction for valve noise (Table A1)
Estimate of octave-band
spectrum of noise from bare pipe
Insertion loss
Class Al and A2 (Table 26)
Octave-band insulated pipe
spectrum
of
A-weighted spectrum of insulated pipe
20
16
17
9
6
5
7
80
84
83
91
94
95
93
–4
–4
2
9
16
22
29
84
88
81
82
78
73
64
68
79
78
82
79
74
63
86
Noise level reduction
14
Similarly, insertion losses may be calculated for different types of sources and various types of insulation.
On the basis of the octave band spectra of Table A.1 of this appendix and the insertion losses of Table A1 of this specification, the following approximate insertion losses in dB(A) are obtained with the various classes of insulation for different types of source. The noise control engineer should make his own assessment based on the actual data available.
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Table A.3: Typical noise level reduction values for insulation of piping connected to different types of noise sources
Class
Diameter, D
Expected reduction of the overall A-weighted sound pressure/power level dB(A)
mm
Centrifugal pumps
Centrifugal compressors
Control valves
Reciprocating compressors
A1 and A2
D < NPS 26
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
D ≥. NPS 26
D < NPS 12
NPS 12 ≥ D < NPS 26
D ≥. NPS 26
D < NPS 12
NPS 12 ≥ D < NPS 26
D ≥. NPS 26
4
9
5
6
10
9
11
17
10
15
11
14
18
18
20
25
14
18
16
18
22
22
24
29
5
9
5
6
10
9
10
17
The shaded areas indicate that the particular type of insulation may not be (cost-) effective for that application or represents an unusual application.
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APPENDIX 69 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURE FOR A VALVE
- perforated sheet
- porous layer
- supporting framework clamped to flanges (over vibration isolation pad)
- vibro-acoustic seal
locating edge to help locate upper portions
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